References
- Bale, R., 2015. “U.S.-China Deal to Ban Ivory Trade is Good News for Elephants.” National Geographic. Accessed December 10, 2015. http://news.nationalgeographic.com/2015/09/150925-ivory-elephants-us-china-obama-xi-poaching/.
- Becker, G. S., K. M. Murphy, and M. Grossman. 2006. “The Market for Illegal Goods: The Case of Drugs.” Journal of Political Economy 114 (1): 38–60. http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.1086/498918. doi: 10.1086/498918
- Bennett, E. L. 2011. “Another Inconvenient Truth: The Failure of Enforcement Systems to Save Charismatic Species.” Oryx 45 (4): 476–479. doi: 10.1017/S003060531000178X
- Biggs, D., F. Courchamp, R. Martin, H. P. Possingham. 2013. “Legal Trade of Africa’s Rhino Horns.” Science 339 (6123): 1038–1039. doi: 10.1126/science.1229998
- Brennan, A. J., and J. K. Kalsi. 2015. “Elephant Poaching & Ivory Trafficking Problems in Sub-Saharan Africa: An Application of O’Hara’s Principles of Political Economy.” Ecological Economics 120: 312–337. Accessed November 24, 2015. http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0921800915003493. doi: 10.1016/j.ecolecon.2015.08.013
- Bulte, E. H., and E. B. Barbier. 2005. “Trade and Renewable Resources in a Second Best World: An Overview.” Environmental and Resource Economics 30 (4): 423–463. doi: 10.1007/s10640-004-5022-2
- Bulte, E. H., R. Damania, and G. C. Van Kooten. 2007. “The Effects of One-Off Ivory Sales on Elephant Mortality.” Journal of Wildlife Management 71 (2): 613–618. doi: 10.2193/2005-721
- Bulte, E. H., and T. Swanson. 2003. “Economic Incentives and Wildlife Conservation.” CITES Workshop on Economic Incentives and Trade Policy Geneva Switzerland 47 (2): 1–37.
- Bulte, E. H., and G. C. Van Kooten. 1999. “Economic Efficiency, Resource Conservation and the Ivory Trade Ban.” Ecological Economics 28: 171–181. doi: 10.1016/S0921-8009(98)00048-2
- Challender, D. W. S., and D. C. Macmillan. (2014). “Poaching is more than an Enforcement Problem.” Conservation Letters 7 (5): 484–494. doi:10.1111/conl.12082.
- CITES. 2015. “ Update on Elephant Poaching Trends in Africa to 31 December 2014.” Accessed December 9, 2015. https://cites.org/sites/default/files/i/news/2015/WWD-PR-Annex_MIKE_trend_update_2014_new.pdf.
- Conrad, K. 2012. “Trade Bans: A Perfect Storm for Poaching?” Tropical Conservation Science 5 (3): 245–254.
- Crookes, D. J., and J. N. Blignaut. 2015. “Towards Conserving the Rhino: An Economic Analysis.” Economic Research Southern Africa March: 1–2.
- Cruise, A. 2015. “China Pledges To Do More – But Is It Enough To Stop Elephant Poaching?” National Geographic. Accessed December 11, 2015. http://news.nationalgeographic.com/2015/12/151208-ivory-trafficking-china-elephants-poaching--xi-jinping-johannesburg/.
- Damania, R., and E. H. Bulte. 2007. “The Economics of Wildlife Farming and Endangered Species Conservation.” Ecological Economics 62 (34): 461–472. doi: 10.1016/j.ecolecon.2006.07.007
- Fischer, C. 2004. “The Complex Interactions of Markets for Endangered Species Products.” Journal of Environmental Economics and Management 48: 926–953. doi: 10.1016/j.jeem.2003.12.003
- Fischer, C. 2009. “Does Trade Help or Hinder the Conservation of Natural Resources?” Review of Environmental Economics and Policy 4 (1): 103–121. doi: 10.1093/reep/rep023
- Furness, H. 2015. “Listing Mammoths as Endangered would Protect Elephants, Expert says.” The Telegraph. http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/earth/wildlife/11547222/Listing-Mammoths-as-endangered-would-protect-elephants-expert-says.html.
- Gao, Y., and S. G. Clark. 2014. “Elephant Ivory Trade in China: Trends and Drivers.” Biological Conservation 180: 23–30. http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0006320714003371. doi: 10.1016/j.biocon.2014.09.020
- Harvey, R. 2015. “ Preserving the African Elephant for Future Generations.” Johannesburg. http://www.saiia.org.za/occasional-papers/preserving-the-african-elephant-for-future-generations.
- Heltberg, R. 2001. “Impact of the Ivory Trade Ban on Poaching Incentives: A Numerical Example.” Ecological Economics 36: 189–195. doi: 10.1016/S0921-8009(00)00234-2
- van Kooten, G. C. 2008. “Protecting the African Elephant: A Dynamic Bioeconomic Model of Ivory Trade.” Biological Conservation 141 (8): 2012–2022. Accessed March 16, 2016. http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0006320708002012. doi: 10.1016/j.biocon.2008.05.016
- Kremer, M., and C. Morcom. 2000. “Elephants.” American Economic Review 90 (1): 212–234. http://pubs.aeaweb.org.ezproxy.uct.ac.za/doi/pdfplus/10.1257/aer.90.1.212. doi: 10.1257/aer.90.1.212
- Lemieux, A. M., and R. V. Clarke. 2009. “The International Ban on Ivory Sales and its Effects on elephant Poaching in Africa.” British Journal of Criminology 49: 451–471. doi: 10.1093/bjc/azp030
- Martin, R., D. Cumming, G. Craig, D. Gibson, and D. Peake. 2012. “Decision-Making Mechanisms and Necessary Conditions for a Future Trade in African Elephant Ivory.” https://cites.org/eng/com/sc/62/E62-46-04-A.pdf.
- Mason, C. F., E. H. Bulte, and R. D. Horan. 2012. “Banking on Extinction: Endangered Species and Speculation.” Oxford Review of Economic Policy 28 (1): 180–192. doi: 10.1093/oxrep/grs006
- Miller, J., V. Vira, and M. Utermohlen. 2015. Species of Crime: Typologies & Risk Metrics for Wildlife Trafficking. http://media.wix.com/ugd/79e554_a3c8d7d7abba4a3c967ce07277837ef8.pdf.
- Nadal, A., and F. Aguayo. 2014. Leonardo’s Sailors: A Review of the Economic Analysis of Wildlife Trade. Manchester: Leverhulme Centre for the Study of Value.
- Nellemann C., R. K. Formo, J. Blanc, D. Skinner, T. Milliken, and T. De Meulenaer. 2013. Elephants in the Dust: The African Elephant Crisis. http://www.grida.no/publications/rr/elephants/.
- Nowak, K., Andy Dobson, Joyce Poole, Petter Granli, Paula Kahumbu, Phyllis Lee, Winnie Kiiru, Ponjoli Joram, Cyprian Malima, Cynthia Moss. 2013. “Elephants are not Diamonds.” The Ecologist, October 2015. http://www.theecologist.org/News/news_analysis/1800368/elephants_are_not_diamonds.html.
- Shannon, G., Rob Slotow, Sarah M. Durant, Katito N. Sayialel, Joyce Poole, Cynthia Moss, Karen McComb. 2013. “Effects of Social Disruption in Elephants Persist Decades After Culling.” Frontiers in Zoology 10 (1): 1–11. Accessed April 17, 2015. http://www.frontiersinzoology.com/content/10/1/62. doi: 10.1186/1742-9994-10-62
- Steinberg, J. 2005. “ The Illicit Abalone Trade in South Africa.” Accessed May 14, 2013. http://www.iss.co.za/pubs/papers/105/105.pdf.
- Stiles, D., and E. Martin. 2009. “The USA’s Ivory Markets – How Much a Threat to Elephants?” Pachyderm 45: 67–76. Accessed November 19, 2015. http://pachydermjournal.org/index.php/pachy/article/view/13/52.
- ‘t Sas-Rolfes, M., B. Moyle, and D. Stiles. 2014. “The Complex Policy Issue of Elephant Ivory Stockpile Management.” Pachyderm 55: 62–77.
- Underwood, F. M., R. W. Burn, and T. Milliken. 2013. “Dissecting the Illegal Ivory Trade: An Analysis of Ivory Seizures Data.” Plos One 8 (10): e76539. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0076539.
- Vira, V., T. Ewing, and J. Miller. 2014. Out of Africa: Mapping the Global Trade in Illicit Elephant Ivory. http://www.nature.com/server-java/Propub/nature/SearchPage.fulltext.
- The White House: Office of the Press Secretary. 2015. “ Fact Sheet: President Xi Jinping’s State Visit to the United States.” pp. 1–7. https://www.whitehouse.gov/the-press-office/2015/09/25/fact-sheet-president-xi-jinpings-state-visit-united-states.
- Wittemyer, G., J.M. Northrup, J. Blanc, I. Douglas-Hamilton, P. Omondi, K. P. Burnham. 2014. “Illegal Killing for Ivory Drives Global Decline in African Elephants.” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 111 (36): 13117–13121. doi:10.1073/pnas.1403984111.