Publication Cover
Politikon
South African Journal of Political Studies
Volume 44, 2017 - Issue 2
327
Views
1
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Articles

The ‘Quasi-Permanent Crisis’: Understanding Collective Rebellion and Sectarian Violence in the CAR

References

  • Agger, K., and C. Day. 2015. The CAR’s Rushed Elections are a Dangerous Gamble. African Argument, September 2. Accessed October 3. http://africanarguments.org/2015/09/02/the-cars-rushed-elections-are-a-dangerous-gamble/.
  • Amnesty International. 2014. Ethnic Cleansing and Sectarian Killings in the Central African Republic. London: Amnesty International.
  • Arieff, A. 2015. “Crisis in the Central African Republic.” Congressional Research Service Report Prepared for Members and Committees of Congress, May 14, 1–15. Washington, DC: United States Congressional Research Service. Accessed November 19, 2016. https://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/row/R43377.pdf.
  • Bayart, J. F. 2000. “Africa in the World: A History of Extraversion.” African Affairs 99: 217–267. doi: 10.1093/afraf/99.395.217
  • Bayart, J. F. 2009. The State in Africa: The Politics of the Belly. 2nd ed. Cambridge: Polity Press.
  • Berman, E. G., and L. N. Lombard. 2008. The Central African Republic and Small Arms: A Regional Tinderbox. Geneva: Small Arms Survey.
  • Bøås, M. 2014. “‘The Central African Republic: A History of a Collapse Foretold?’ Norwegian Peacebuilding Resource Centre (NOREF).” Policy Brief 1–3.
  • Carayannis, T., and L. Lombard. 2015. “A Concluding Note on the Failure and Future of Peacebuilding in CAR.” In Making Sense of the Central African Republic, edited by T. Carayannis and L. Lombard, 319–341. London: Zed Books.
  • Chabal, P. 2009. Africa: The Politics of Suffering and Smiling. Pietermaritzburg: University of KwaZulu-Natal Press.
  • Collier, P., V. L. Elliott, H. Hegre, A. Hoeffler, M. Reynal-Querol, and N. Sambanis. 2003. Breaking the Conflict Trap: Civil War and Development Policy. A World Bank policy research report. Washington, DC: World Bank and Oxford University Press.
  • Debos, M. 2008. “Fluid Loyalties in a Regional Crisis: Chadian 'Ex-Liberators' in the Central African Republic.” African Affairs 107 (1): 225–241. doi: 10.1093/afraf/adn004
  • Diallo, K. 2014. “Central African Republic.” African Economic Outlook 1–9.
  • Douglas-Bowers, D. 2015. “Colonialism, Coups, and Conflicts: The Violence in the Central African Republic.” Foreign Policy Journal, February 6. Accessed October 27. http://www.foreignpolicyjournal.com/2015/02/06/colonialism-coups-and-conflict-the-violence-in-the-central-african-republic/.
  • Fanon, F. 1963. The Wretched of the Earth. New York: Grove Press.
  • Fox, J. 2001. “Religion as an Overlooked Element of International Relations.” International Studies Review 3 (3): 53–73. doi: 10.1111/1521-9488.00244
  • Gurr, T. R. 1970. Why Men Rebel. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
  • Gurr, T. R. 1993a. “Why Minorities Rebel: A Global Analysis of Communal Mobilization and Conflict since 1945.” International Political Science Review 14 (2): 161–201. doi: 10.1177/019251219301400203
  • Gurr, T. R. 1993b. Minorities at Risk: A Global View of Ethnopolitical Conflicts. Washington, DC: United States Institute of Peace Press.
  • Gurr, T. R. 2011. “Why Men Rebel Dedux: How Valid are Its Arguments Forty Years On?” E-International Relations, October 17. Accessed October 30. http://www.e-ir.info/2011/11/17/why-men-rebel-redux-how-valid-are-its-arguments-40-years-on/.
  • Gurr, T. R. 2012. “Some Observations on Resistance and Revolution in Contemporary Africa.” Journal of Asian and African Studies 47 (3): 279–290. doi: 10.1177/0021909611428054
  • Herbert, S., N. Dukham, and M. Debos. 2013. State Fragility in the Central African Republic: What Prompted the 2013 Coup? Birmingham: Governance, Social Development, Humanitarian, Conflict (GSDRC), University of Birmingham.
  • Human Development Index. 2014. “Human Development Index: Sustaining Human Progress: Reducing Vulnerabilities and Building Resilience, Central African Republic.” Accessed October 16. http://hdr.undp.org/sites/all/themes/hdr_theme/country-notes/CAF.pdf.
  • ICG (International Crisis Group). 2007. “Central African Republic: Anatomy of a Phantom State.” Crisis Group Africa Report No 136, Brussels, 1–45.
  • ICG (International Crisis Group). 2014. “The Central African Crisis: From Predation to Stabilization.” Crisis Group Africa Report No 219, Brussels.
  • Käihkö, I. 2016. “Bush Generals and Small Boy Battalions: Military Cohesion in Liberia and Beyond.” Unpublished D.Phil Thesis, Department of Peace and Conflict Research, Uppsala University, Sweden.
  • Käihkö, I., and M. Utas. 2014. “The Crisis in CAR: Navigating Myths and Interests.” Africa Spectrum 49 (1): 69–77.
  • Kalyvas, S. 2006. The Logic of Violence in Civil War. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Kane, M. 2014. “Interreligious Violence in the Central African Republic.” African Security Review 23 (3): 312–317. doi: 10.1080/10246029.2014.931625
  • Lasswell, H. D. 1950. Politics: Who Gets What, When, How. New York: P. Smith.
  • Lombard, L. 2014a. “Pervasive Mistrust Fuels CAR’s Crisis.” Aljazeera America, April 11. Accessed October 1. http://america.aljazeera.com/opinions/2014/4/central-africa-republicgenocideselekaantibalaka.html.
  • Lombard, L. 2014b. “A Brief Political History of the Central African Republic. Fieldsights –Hot Spots.” Cultural Anthropology Online, June 11. Accessed October 1. http://www.culanth.org/fieldsights/539-a-brief-political-history-of-the-central-african-republic.
  • Lombard, L. 2015. “The Autonomous Zone Conundrum: Armed Conservation and Rebellion in North-Eastern CAR.” In Making Sense of the Central African Republic, edited by T. Carayannis and L. Lombard, 142–165. London: Zed Books.
  • Lombard, L. 2016. “The Threat of Rebellion: Claiming Entitled Personhood in Central Africa.” Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute 22: 552–569. doi: 10.1111/1467-9655.12446
  • Lombard, L., and S. Batianga-Kinzi. 2015. “Violence, Popular Punishment, and War in the Central African Republic.” African Affairs 114 (454): 52–71. doi: 10.1093/afraf/adu079
  • Lombard, L., and T. Carayannis. 2015. “Making Sense of the Central African Republic: An Introduction.” In Making Sense of the Central African Republic, edited by T. Carayannis and L. Lombard, 1–16. London: Zed Books.
  • Maiangwa, B., and D. M. Suleiman. 2016 (Forthcoming). “Liberal Peace Intervention in the Central African Republic: Limitations and Reworking a Hybrid Order.” African Security.
  • Malešević, S. 2010. The Sociology of War and Violence. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Marchal, R. 2015a. “CAR and the Regional (Dis)order.” In Making Sense of the Central African Republic, edited by T. Carayannis and L. Lombard, 166–193. London: Zed Books.
  • Marchal, R. 2015b. “Being Rich, Being Poor: Wealth and Fear in the Central African Republic.” In Making Sense of the Central African Republic, edited by T. Carayannis and L. Lombard, 53–75. London: Zed Books.
  • McFarlane, F., and M. Malan. 1998. “Crisis and Response in the Central African Republic: A New Trend in African Peacekeeping?” African Security Review 7 (2): 48–58. doi: 10.1080/10246029.1998.9627849
  • Mehler, A. 2009. “The Production of Insecurity by African Security Forces: Insights from Liberia and the Central African Republic.” Working Paper GIGA Research Programme: Violence and Security No 114, 1–28.
  • Mehler, A. 2011. “Rebels and Parties: The Impact of Armed Insurgency on Representation in the Central African Republic.” The Journal of Modern African Studies 49: 115–139. doi: 10.1017/S0022278X10000674
  • Ndlovu-Gatsheni, S. 2013. “Eurocentrism, Coloniality, and Deimperialization in the Twenty-first Century.” Journal of Developing Societies 29 (4): 331–353. doi: 10.1177/0169796X13503195
  • Oberschall, A. 2007. Conflict and Peace Building in Divided Societies: Responses to Ethnic Violence. London: Routledge.
  • Posner, D. N., and D. J. Young. 2007. “The Institutionalization of Political Power in Africa.” Journal of Democracy 18 (3): 126–140. doi: 10.1353/jod.2007.0053
  • SABC. 2016. “At Least 12 Killed in Fighting in Central African Republic Town.” SABC News, 6 July. Accessed July 14. http://www.sabc.co.za/news/a/88bf05804d641dedbb41ff4b5facb1b5/Atundefinedleastundefined12undefinedkilledundefinedinundefinedfightingundefinedinundefinedCentralundefinedAfricanundefinedRepublicundefinedtown-20160607.
  • Smith, S. W. 2015. “CAR’s History: The Past of a Tense Present.” In Making Sense of the Central African Republic, edited by T. Carayannis and L. Lombard, 17–52. London: Zed Books.
  • Stark, R., and W. Bainbridge. 1985. The Future of Religion: Secularization, Revival and Cult Formation. Berkeley: University of California Press.
  • UN News Centre. n.d. “UN Official Condemn Violations of 2008 Peace Agreement for Central African Republic.” Accessed July 30. http://www.un.org/apps/news/story.asp?NewsID=43724#.V55HQ1UrLcu.
  • Utas, M. 2012. “Introduction: Bigmanity and Network Governance in African Politics.” In African Conflicts and Informal Power, edited by M. Utas, 1–34. London: Zed Books.
  • Vlavonou, G. 2014. “Understanding the ‘Failure’ of the Séléka Rebellion.” African Security Review 23 (3): 318–326. doi: 10.1080/10246029.2014.931624
  • Wohlers, L. D. 2015. “A Central African Elite Perspective on the Struggles of the Central African Republic.” In Making Sense of the Central African Republic, edited by T. Carayannis and L. Lombard, 295–318. London: Zed Books.
  • Zapata, M. 2012. “Central African Republic: 90 Years of Violence, 1903–1993.” The Enough Project, April 10. Accessed October 20. http://www.enoughproject.org/blogs/central-african-republic-90-years-chaos-1903-1993.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.