A Comparative Analysis of the Social and Demographic Factors in Ghanaian Political Party Affiliations

References

• Arthur, Peter. 2009. “Ethnicity and Electoral Politics in Ghana's Fourth Republic.” Africa Today 56 (2): 44–73.
   Google Scholar
• Asamoah, Y. Obed. 2014. The Political History of Ghana (1950-2013): The Experience of a Non-Conformist. Bloomingto: AuthorHouse.
   Google Scholar
• Awoonor, Kofi. 1984. The Ghana Revolution: Background Account from a Personal Perspective. Bronx. New York: Oases Publishers.
   Google Scholar
• Ayee, R. Joseph. 2008. “The Evolution of the New Patriotic Party in Ghana.” South African Journal of International Affairs 15 (2): 185–214.
   Google Scholar
• Bates, Robert. 1970. “Approaches to the Study of Ethnicity.” Cahiers D’études Africaines 10 (40): 546–561.
   Google Scholar
• Bennett, George. 1969. “Tribalism in Politics.” In Tradition and Transition in East Africa: Studies of the Tribal Element in the Modern Era, edited by P. H. Gulliver, 59–87. Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press.
   Google Scholar
• Biney, Ama. 2008. “The Legacy of Kwame Nkrumah in Retrospect.” The Journal of Pan African Studies 2 (3): 129–159.
   Google Scholar
• Bob-Milliar, M. George. 2011a. “Political Party Activism in Ghana: Factors Influencing the Decision of the Politically Active to Join a Political Party.” Democratization 7 (2): 1–22.
   Google Scholar
• Bob-Milliar, M. George. 2011b. “TE NYƆGEYƐNG GBENGBENG!’ (‘We are Holding the Umbrella Very Tight): Explaining the Popularity of the NDC in the Upper West Region of Ghana.” Africa Today 81 (3): 455–473.
   Google Scholar
• Botwe-Asamoah, Kwame. 2005. Kwame Nkrumah's Politico-Cultural Thought and Policies: An African Centered Paradigm for the Second Phase of the African Revolution. New York & London: Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Bratton, Michael, Ravi Bhavnani, and Tse.-Hsin Chen. 2012. “Voting Intentions in Africa: Ethnic, Economic or Partisan?” Commonwealth & Comparative Politics 50 (1): 27–52.
   Google Scholar
• Bratton, Michael, Robert Mattes, and Emmanuel Gyimah-Boadi. 2005. Public Opinion, Democracy and Market Reform in Africa. New York: Cambridge University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Dadzie, N. Ato., and Kwamena Ahwoi. 2010. Justice Daniel Francis Annan: In the Service of Democracy. Accra: Sub-Saharan Publishers.
   Google Scholar
• Danso-Boafo, Kwaku. 2014. J. J. Rawlings and the Democratic Transition in Ghana. Accra: Ghana Universities Press.
   Google Scholar
• Dennis, Austin. 1964. Politics in Ghana. London: Oxford University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Drah, Kofi. 1992. “Nkrumah and Constitutional Democracy.” Research Review 8 (1 &2): 1–27.
   Google Scholar
• Erdmann, Gero. 2007a. The Cleavage Model, Ethnicity and Voter Alignment in Africa: Conceptual and Methodological Problems Revisited. GIGA Working Papers. German Institute of Global and Area Studies. Humberg.
   Google Scholar
• Erdmann, Gero. 2007b. Ethnicity, Voter Alignment and Political Party Affiliation – An African Case: Zambia. GIGA Working Papers. German Institute of Global and Area studies. Hamburg.
   Google Scholar
• Fossati, D. 2020. “Electoral Reform and Partisan Dealignment in Indonesia.” International Political Science Review 41 (3): 349–364.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Friday, S. Kevin. 2006. “The Elephant, the Umbrella, and the Quarrelling Cocks: Disaggregating Partisanship in Ghana's Fourth Republic.” African Affairs 106 (423): 281–305.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ghana Statistical Service. 2013. 2010 Population and Housing Census. National Analytical Report, GSS.
   Google Scholar
• Greene, Steven. 1999. “Understanding Political Party Identification: A Sociological Approach.” Political Pyschology 20 (2): 393–403.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gyampo, E. A. Ransford. 2012. “The Youth and Political Ideology in Ghanaian Politics: The Case of the Fourth Republic.” African Development 37 (2): 137–165.
   Google Scholar
• Gyekye, Kwame. 1988. “The Idea of Democracy in the Traditional Setting and its Relevance to Political Development in Contemporary Africa.” In Philosophical Focus on Culture and Traditional Thought Systems in Development, edited by J. M. Nyasani, 93–108. Nairobi: Konrad Adenauer Foundation.
   Google Scholar
• Gyekye, Kwame. 1997. Tradition and Modernity: Philosophical Reflections and the African Experience. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Gyimah-Boadi, Emmanuel. 1993. Ghana Under PNDC Rule. Dakar: CODESRIA.
   Google Scholar
• Huntington, P., and P. Samuel. 1993. The Third Wave: Democratization in the Late Twentieth Century. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press.
   Google Scholar
• Israel, D. Glenn. 1992. Determining Sample Size. Fact Sheet POED-6. University of Florida.
   Google Scholar
• Kelsall, Tim. 2011. “Rethinking the Relationship Between Neo-Patrimonialism and Economic Development in Africa.” IDS Bulletin 42 (2): 76–87.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kish, Leslie. 1965. “Sampling Organizations and Groups of Unequal Sizes.” American Sociological Review 30 (4): 564–572.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Knoke, D., and M. Hout. 1974. “Social and Demographic Factors in American Political Party Affiliations, 1952-72.” American Sociological Review 39 (5): 700–713.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kovacs, S. Mimmi, and Jesper Bjarnesen. 2018. Violence in African Elections: Between Democracy and Big Man Politics. London: Zed Books.
   Google Scholar
• Kpessa, Michael. 2012. “The Politics and Challenge of Institutional Transformation in Sub-Saharan Africa.” Ghana Journal of Development Studies 9 (2): 1–21.
   Google Scholar
• Kumah-Abiwu, Felix. 2017. “Issue Framing and Electoral Violence in Ghana: a Conceptual Analysis.” Commonwealth & Comparative Politics 55 (2): 165–186.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lindberg, Staffan. I. 2003. “It's Our Time to Chop: Do Election in Africa Feed Neo-Patrimonialsm Rather Than Counteract it?” Democratization 10 (2): 121–140.
   Google Scholar
• Lindberg, I. Staffan, and C. K. Minion Morrison. 2005. “Exploring Voter Alignments in Africa: Core and Swing Voters in Ghana.” Journal of Modern African Studies 43 (4): 565–586.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lindberg, I. Staffan, and C. K. Minion Morrison. 2008. “Are African Voters Really Ethnic or Clientelistic? Survey Evidence from Ghana.” Political Science Quarterly 123 (1): 95–122.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Martin, Guy. 2012. African Political Thought. New York: Palgrave Macmillan.
   Google Scholar
• National Democratic Congress. 2004. 2004 Manifesto: A Better Ghana. Accra.
   Google Scholar
• National Democratic Congress. 2016. Changing Lives, Transforming Ghana: 2016 Manifesto Retrieved from Accra.
   Google Scholar
• Nelson, Kasfir. 1972. “Cultural sub-Nationalism in Uganda.” In The Politics of Cultural Sub-Nationalism in Africa, edited by A. Olorunsola Victor, 49–148. Garden City, NY: Anchor.
   Google Scholar
• New Patriotic Party. 2004. Positve Change Chapter Two: Manifesto of the New Patriotic Party. Accra.
   Google Scholar
• Ninsin, Kwame. 1987. “Ghanaian Politics After 1981: Revolution or Evolution.” Canadian Journal of African Studies 21 (1): 17–37.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nkrumah, Kwame. 1961. I Speak of Freedom. London: PanaAfrica Books.
   Google Scholar
• Nkrumah, Kwame. 1962. Towards Colonial Freedom. London: The African Publication Society.
   Google Scholar
• Nkrumah, Kwame. 1973. Revolutionary Path. New York: International Publishers.
   Google Scholar
• Obeng-Odoom, Franklin. 2009. “An Urban Twist to Politics in Ghana.” Habitat International 34: 392–399.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Oquaye, Mike. 1980. Politics in Ghana, 1972-1979. Christiansborg, Accra: Tornado Publications.
   Google Scholar
• Oquaye, Mike. 2004. Politics in Ghana: 1982-1992 Rawlings, Revolution and Populist Democracy. Accra & New Delhi: Thompson Press & Tornado Publications &.
   Google Scholar
• Pew Research Center. March, 2018. “Wide Gender Gap, Growing Educational Divide in Voters’ Party Identification” <https://www.pewresearch.org/politics/2018/03/20/1-trends-in-party-affiliation-among-demographic-groups/.
   Google Scholar
• Punyanunt-Carter, N. M., M. W. Corrigan, J. S. Wrench, C. James, and J. C. McCroskey. 2010. “A Quantitative Analysis of Political Affiliation, Religiosity, and Religious-Based Communication.” Journal of Communication and Religion 33 (1): 1–32.
   Google Scholar
• Rule, Stephen. 2014. “Voting Behavior.” In Encyclopedia of Quality of Life and Well-Being Research, edited by A. C. Michalos, 6985–6987. Dordrecht: Springer.
   Google Scholar
• Selassie, H. Bereket. 1974. The Executive in African Governments. London: Heinemann.
   Google Scholar
• Shillington, Kevin. 1992. Ghana and the Rawlings Factor. New York: St. Martin’s Press.
   Google Scholar
• van de Walle, Nicolas. 2003. “Presidentialism and Clientelism in Africa's Emerging Party Systems.” The Journal of Modern African Studies 41 (2): 297–321.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wamala, Edward. 2004. “Government by Consensus: An Analysis of Traditional Form of Democracy.” In A Companion to African Philosophy, edited by K. Wiredu, 435–442. Oxford: Blackwell Publishing.
   Google Scholar
• Weber, Max. 1947. The Theory of Social and Economic Organization. London: William Hodge and Company Ltd.
   Google Scholar
• Yamane, Taro. 1967. Elementary Sampling Theory. New Jersey: Prentice-Hall, Inc.
   Google Scholar