Green Synthesis of Silica and Silicon Nanoparticles and Their Biomedical and Catalytic Applications

References

• Lee, E. J.; Bitner, T. W.; Ha, J. S.; Shane, M. J.; Sailor, M. J. Light-induced Reactions of Porous and Single-crystal Si Surfaces with Carboxylic Acids. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 5375–5382. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1021/ja960777l.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Song, J. H.; Sailor, M. J. Functionalization of Nanocrystalline Porous Silicon Surfaces with Aryllithium Reagents: Formation of Silicon− Carbon Bonds by Cleavage of Silicon− Silicon Bonds. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1998, 120, 2376–2381. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1021/ja9734511.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tinsley‐Bown, A. M.; Canham, L. T.; Hollings, M.; Anderson, M. H.; Reeves, C. L.; Cox, T. I.; Nicklin, S.; Squirrell, D. J.; Perkins, E.; Hutchinson, A.; et al. Tuning the Pore Size and Surface Chemistry of Porous Silicon for Immunoassays. Phys. Status Solidi A. 2000, 182, 547–553. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/1521-396X(200011)182:1<547::AID-PSSA547>3.0.CO;2-C.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Janshoff, A.; Dancil, K. P.; Steinem, C.; Greiner, D. P.; Lin, V. S.; Gurtner, C.; Motesharei, K.; Sailor, M. J.; Ghadiri, M. R. Macroporous p-Type Silicon Fabry− Perot Layers. Fabrication, Characterization, and Applications in Biosensing. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1998, 120, 12108–12116. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1021/ja9826237.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li, T.; Shi, S.; Goel, S.; Shen, X.; Xie, X.; Chen, Z.; Zhang, H.; Li, S.; Qin, X.; Yang, H.; et al. Recent Advancements in Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles Towards Therapeutic Applications for Cancer. Acta Biomater. 2019, 89, 1–13. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actbio.2019.02.031.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lee, J. E.; Lee, N.; Kim, T.; Kim, J.; Hyeon, T. Multifunctional Mesoporous Silica Nanocomposite Nanoparticles for Theranostic Applications. Acc. Chem. Res. 2011, 44, 893–902. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1021/ar2000259.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liu, N.; Huo, K.; McDowell, M. T.; Zhao, J.; Cui, Y. Rice Husks as a Sustainable Source of Nanostructured Silicon for High Performance Li-ion Battery Anodes. Sci. Rep. 2013, 3, 1–7.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang, Y.; Cai, J.; Jiang, Y.; Jiang, X.; Zhang, D. Preparation of Biosilica Structures from Frustules of Diatoms and Their Applications: Current State and Perspectives. Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 2013, 97, 453–460. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00253-012-4568-0.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ming, H.; Ma, Z.; Liu, Y.; Pan, K.; Yu, H.; Wang, F.; Kang, Z. Large Scale Electrochemical Synthesis of High Quality Carbon Nanodots and Their Photocatalytic Property. Dalton Trans. 2012, 41, 9526–9531. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1039/c2dt30985h.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Alves, R. H.; Da Silva Reis, T. V.; Rovani, S.; Fungaro, D. A. Green Synthesis and Characterization of Biosilica Produced from Sugarcane Waste Ash. J. Chem. 2017, 2017, 1–9. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1155/2017/6129035.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hossain, S. S.; Mathur, L.; Roy, P. K. Rice Husk/rice Husk Ash as an Alternative Source of Silica in Ceramics: A Review. J. Asian Ceram. Soc. 2018, 6, 299–313. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/21870764.2018.1539210.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Terzioğlu, P.; Yücel, S.; Kuş, Ç. Review on a Novel Biosilica Source for Production of Advanced Silica‐based Materials: Wheat Husk. Asia-Pac. J. Chem. Eng. 2019, 14, e2262. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/apj.2262.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Farjadian, F.; Roointan, A.; Mohammadi-Samani, S.; Hosseini, M. Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles: Synthesis, Pharmaceutical Applications, Biodistribution, and Biosafety Assessment. Chem. Eng. J. 2019, 359, 684–705.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bondareva, J. V.; Aslyamov, T. F.; Kvashnin, A. G.; Dyakonov, P. V.; Kuzminova, Y. O.; Mankelevich, Y. A.; Voronina, E. N.; Dagesyan, S. A.; Egorov, A. V.; Khmelnitsky, R. A.; et al. Environmentally Friendly Method of Silicon Recycling: Synthesis of Silica Nanoparticles in an Aqueous Solution. ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng. 2020, 8, 14006–14012. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1021/acssuschemeng.0c03783.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Khatami, M.; Iravani, S. Green and Eco-Friendly Synthesis of Nanophotocatalysts: An Overview. Comments Inorg. Chem. 2021, 1–55. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/02603594.2021.1895127.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Venkateswaran, S.; Yuvakkumar, R.; Rajendran, V. Nano Silicon from Nano Silica Using Natural Resource (Rha) for Solar Cell Fabrication. Phosphorus Sulfur Silicon Relat. Elem. 2012, 188, 1178–1193. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/10426507.2012.740106.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rafiee, E.; Shahebrahimi, S.; Feyzi, M.; Shaterzadeh, M. Optimization of Synthesis and Characterization of Nanosilica Produced from Rice Husk (A Common Waste Material). Int. Nano Lett. 2012, 2, 1–8. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/2228-5326-2-29.
   Google Scholar
• Carmona, V. B.; Oliveira, R. M.; Silva, W. T. L.; Mattoso, L. H. C.; Marconcini, J. M. Nanosilica from Rice Husk: Extraction and Characterization. Ind. Crops Prod. 2013, 43, 291–296. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2012.06.050.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zemnukhova, L. A.; Panasenko, A. E.; Fedorishcheva, G. A.; Ziatdinov, A. M.; Polyakova, N. V.; Kuryavyi, V. G. Properties of Silicon Prepared from Plant Raw Materials. Inorg. Mater. 2012, 48, 971–976. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1134/S0020168512100159.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tang, Q.; Wang, T. Preparation of Silica Aerogel from Rice Hull Ash by Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Drying. J. Supercrit. Fluids. 2005, 35, 91–94. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.supflu.2004.12.003.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Athinarayanan, J.; Periasamy, V. S.; Alhazmi, M.; Alatiah, K. A.; Alshatwi, A. A. Synthesis of Biogenic Silica Nanoparticles from Rice Husks for Biomedical Applications. Ceram. Int. 2015, 41, 275–281. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ceramint.2014.08.069.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Djangang, C. N.; Mlowe, S.; Njopwouo, D.; Revaprasadu, N. One-step Synthesis of Silica Nanoparticles by Thermolysis of Rice Husk Ash Using Non Toxic Chemicals Ethanol and Polyethylene Glycol. J. Appl. Chem. 2015, 4, 1218–1226.
   Google Scholar
• Zulkifli, N. S. C.; Rahman, I. A.; Mohamad, D.; Husein, A. A Green Sol–gel Route for the Synthesis of Structurally Controlled Silica Particles from Rice Husk for Dental Composite Filler. Ceram. Int. 2013, 39, 4559–4567. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ceramint.2012.11.052.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Azat, S.; Korobeinyk, A. V.; Moustakas, K.; Inglezakis, V. J. Sustainable Production of Pure Silica from Rice Husk Waste in Kazakhstan. J. Cleaner Prod. 2019, 217, 352–359. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2019.01.142.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Adebisia, J.; Agunsoyea, J. O.; Belloa, S. A.; Haris, M.; Ramakokovhue, M. M.; Daramolaf, M. O.; Hassan, S. B. Green Production of Silica Nanoparticles from Maize Stalk. Part. Sci. Technol. 2020, 38, 667–675. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/02726351.2019.1578845.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Imoisili, P. E.; Ukoba, K. O.; Jen, T.-C. Green Technology Extraction and Characterisation of Silica Nanoparticles from Palm Kernel Shell Ash via Sol–gel. J. Mater. Res. Technol. 2020, 9, 307–313. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmrt.2019.10.059.
   Google Scholar
• Vaibhav, V.; Vijayalakshmi, U.; Roopan, S. M. Agricultural Waste as a Source for the Production of Silica Nanoparticles. Spectrochim. Acta Part A: Mol. Biomol. Spectrosc. 2015, 139, 515–520. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.saa.2014.12.083.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Intartaglia, R.; Barchanski, A.; Bagga, K.; Genovese, A.; Das, G.; Wagener, P.; Fabrizio, E. D.; Diaspro, A.; Brandia, F.; Barcikowski, S. Bioconjugated Silicon Quantum Dots from One-step Green Synthesis. Nanoscale. 2012, 4, 1271–1274. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1039/c2nr11763k.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ma, H.; Liu, W.; Zhu, S.; Ma, Q.; Fan, Y.-S.; Cheng, B.-J. Biotemplated Hierarchical TiO2–SiO2 Composites Derived from Zea Mays Linn. For Efficient Dye Photodegradation. J. Porous Mater. 2013, 20, 1205–1215. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10934-013-9704-4.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pieła, A.; Żymańczyk-Duda, E.; Brzezińska-Rodak, M.; Duda, M.; Grzesiak, J.; Saeid, A.; Mironiuk, M.; Klimek-Ochab, M. Biogenic Synthesis of Silica Nanoparticles from Corn Cobs Husks. Dependence of the Productivity on the Method of Raw Material Processing. Bioorg. Chem. 2020, 99, 103773. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bioorg.2020.103773.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ghotekar, S. A Review on Plant Extract Mediated Biogenic Synthesis of CdO Nanoparticles and Their Recent Applications. Asian J. Green Chem. 2019, 3, 187–200.
   Google Scholar
• Iravani, S. Green Synthesis of Metal Nanoparticles Using Plants. Green Chem. 2011, 13, 2638–2650. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1039/c1gc15386b.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Iravani, S.; Jamalipour Soufi, G. Gold Nanostructures in Medicine and Biology. In Nanoparticles in Medicine; Shukla, A., Ed.; Springer: Singapore, 2019, In A.K. Shukla Ed., Nanoparticles in Medicine, Springer Nature, 175–183.
   Google Scholar
• Iravani, S.; Varma, R. Plant-derived Edible Nanoparticles and miRNAs: Emerging Frontier for Therapeutics and Targeted Drug-delivery. ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng. 2019, 7, 8055–8069. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1021/acssuschemeng.9b00954.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Iravani, S.; Varma, R. S. Biofactories: Engineered Nanoparticles via Genetically Engineered Organisms. Green Chem. 2019, 21, 4583–4603. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1039/C9GC01759C.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Iravani, S.; Varma, R. S. Plants and Plant-based Polymers as Scaffolds for Tissue Engineering. Green Chem. 2019, 21, 4839–4867. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1039/C9GC02391G.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mohammadinejad, R.; Karimi, S.; Iravani, S.; Varma, R. S. Plant-derived Nanostructures: Types and Applications. Green Chem. 2016, 18, 20–52.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mohammadinejad, R.; Shavandi, A.; Raie, D. S.; Sangeetha, J.; Soleimani, M.; Hajibehzad, S. S.; Thangadurai, D.; Hospet, R.; Popoola, J. O.; Arzani, A.; et al. Plant Molecular Farming: Production of Metallic Nanoparticles and Therapeutic Proteins Using Green Factories. Green Chem. 2019, 21, 1845–1865. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1039/C9GC00335E.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Varma, R. S. Greener Approach to Nanomaterials and Their Sustainable Applications. Curr. Opin. Chem. Eng. 2012, 1, 123–128. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coche.2011.12.002.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Varma, R. S. Journey on Greener Pathways: From the Use of Alternate Energy Inputs and Benign Reaction Media to Sustainable Applications of Nano-catalysts in Synthesis and Environmental Remediation. Green Chem. 2014, 16, 2027–2041. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1039/c3gc42640h.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Varma, R. S. Greener and Sustainable Chemistry. Appl. Sci. 2014, 4, 493–497. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/app4040493.
   Google Scholar
• Varma, R. S. Greener and Sustainable Trends in Synthesis of Organics and Nanomaterials. ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng. 2016, 4, 5866–5878. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1021/acssuschemeng.6b01623.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Varma, R. S. Biomass-Derived Renewable Carbonaceous Materials for Sustainable Chemical and Environmental Applications. ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng. 2019, 7, 6458–6470. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1021/acssuschemeng.8b06550.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang, W.; Martin, J. C.; Fan, X.; Han, A.; Luo, Z.; Sun, L. Silica Nanoparticles and Frameworks from Rice Husk Biomass. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces. 2012, 4, 977–981. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1021/am201619u.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen, H.; Wang, W.; Martin, J. C.; Oliphant, A. J.; Doerr, P. A.; Xu, J. F.; DeBorn, K. M.; Chen, C.; Sun, L. Extraction of Lignocellulose and Synthesis of Porous Silica Nanoparticles from Rice Husks: A Comprehensive Utilization of Rice Husk Biomass. ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng. 2012, 1, 254–259. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1021/sc300115r.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Xing, A.; Tian, S.; Tang, H.; Losic, D.; Bao, Z. Mesoporous Silicon Engineered by the Reduction of Biosilica from Rice Husk as a High-performance Anode for Lithium-ion Batteries. RSC Adv. 2013, 3, 10145–10149. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1039/c3ra41889h.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Salavati-Niasari, M.; Javidi, J.; Dadkhah, M. Ball Milling Synthesis of Silica Nanoparticle from Rice Husk Ash for Drug Delivery Application. Comb. Chem. High Throughput Screening. 2013, 16, 458–462. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2174/1386207311316060006.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Espíndola-Gonzalez, A.; Martínez-Hernández, A.; Angeles-Chávez, C.; Castano, V.; Velasco-Santos, C. Novel Crystalline SiO2 Nanoparticles via Annelids Bioprocessing of Agro-industrial Wastes. Nanoscale Res. Lett. 2010, 5, 1408–1417. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11671-010-9654-6.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liang, G.; Li, Y.; Yang, C.; Zi, C.; Zhang, Y.; Hu, X.; Zhao, W. Production of Biosilica Nanoparticles from Biomass Power Plant Fly Ash. Waste Manag. 2020, 105, 8–17. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wasman.2020.01.033.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yadav, V. K.; Fulekar, M. H. Green Synthesis and Characterization of Amorphous Silica Nanoparticles from Fly Ash. Mater. Today Proc. 2019, 18, 4351–4359.
   Google Scholar
• Tiwari, A.; Sherpa, Y. L.; Pathak, A. P.; Singh, L. S.; Gupta, A.; Tripathi, A. One-pot Green Synthesis of Highly Luminescent Silicon Nanoparticles Using Citrus Limon (L.) And Their Applications in Luminescent Cell Imaging and Antimicrobial Efficacy. Mater. Today Commun. 2019, 19, 62–67. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mtcomm.2018.12.005.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kannan, M.; Uma Sangareswari, K.; Suganya, P.; Ganesan, R.; Rajarathinam, K. Biobased Approach for the Synthesis, Characterization, Optimization and Application of Silica Nanoparticles by Fungus Fusarium Oxysporum. Pharm. Biol. Evaluations. 2015, 2, 223–233.
   Google Scholar
• Zamani, H.; Jafari, A.; Mousavi, S. M.; Darezereshki, E. Biosynthesis of Silica Nanoparticle Using Saccharomyces Cervisiae and Its Application on Enhanced Oil Recovery. J. Pet Sci. Eng. 2020, 190, 107002. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.petrol.2020.107002.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wallace, A. K.; Chanut, N.; Voigt, C. A. Silica Nanostructures Produced Using Diatom Peptides with Designed Post‐Translational Modifications. Adv. Funct. Mater. 2020, 30, 2000849. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.202000849.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Babu, R. H.; Yugandhar, P.; Savithramma, N. Synthesis, Characterization and Antimicrobial Studies of Bio Silica Nanoparticles Prepared from Cynodon Dactylon L.: A Green Approach. Bull. Mater. Sci. 2018, 41. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12034-12018-11584-12034.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Show, S.; Tamang, A.; Chowdhury, T.; Mandal, D.; Chattopadhyay, B. Bacterial (BKH1) Assisted Silica Nanoparticles from Silica Rich Substrates: A Facile and Green Approach for Biotechnological Applications. Colloids Surf. B. 2015, 126, 245–250. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.colsurfb.2014.12.039.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Singh, S.; Bhatta, U. M.; Satyam, P. V.; Dhawan, A.; Sastry, M.; Prasad, B. L. V. Bacterial Synthesis of Silicon/silica Nanocomposites. J. Mater. Chem. 2008, 18, 2601–2606. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1039/b719528a.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Geng, X.; Li, Z.; Hu, Y.; Liu, H.; Sun, Y.; Meng, H.; Wang, Y.; Qu, L.; Lin, Y. One-Pot Green Synthesis of Ultrabright N-Doped Fluorescent Silicon Nanoparticles for Cellular Imaging by Using Ethylenediaminetetraacetic Acid Disodium Salt as an Effective Reductant. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces. 2018, 10, 27979–27986. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.8b09242.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Abdelaal, H. M.; Shaikjee, A. Microwave-based Fast Synthesis of Clear-cut Hollow Spheres with Mesoporous Wall of Silica Nanoparticles as Excellent Drug Delivery Vehicles. J. Nanopart. Res. 2020, 22, 171. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11051-020-04918-3.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lovingood, D. D.; Owens, J. R.; Seeber, M.; Kornev, K. G.; Luzinov, I. Controlled Microwave-Assisted Growth of Silica Nanoparticles under Acid Catalysis. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces. 2012, 4, 6875–6883. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1021/am3020247.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ye, H.-L.; Cai, S.-J.; Li, S.; He, X.-W.; Li, W.-Y.; Li, Y.-H.; Zhang, Y.-K. One-Pot Microwave Synthesis of Water-Dispersible, High Fluorescence Silicon Nanoparticles and Their Imaging Applications in Vitro and in Vivo. Anal. Chem. 2016, 88, 11631–11638. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.analchem.6b03209.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bose, S.; Ganayee, M. A.; Mondal, B.; Baidya, A.; Chennu, S.; Mohanty, J. S.; Pradeep, T. Synthesis of Silicon Nanoparticles from Rice Husk and Their Use as Sustainable Fluorophores for White Light Emission. ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng. 2018, 6, 6203–6210. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1021/acssuschemeng.7b04911.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Taheri, M.; Mansour, N. Silicon Nanoparticles Produced by Two-Step Nanosecond Pulsed Laser Ablation in Ethanol for Enhanced Blue Emission Properties. Silicon. 2020, 12, 789–797. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12633-019-00168-8.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Al-Kattan, A.; Ali, L. M. A.; Daurat, M.; Mattana, E.; Gary-Bobo, M. Biological Assessment of Laser-Synthesized Silicon Nanoparticles Effect in Two-Photon Photodynamic Therapy on Breast Cancer MCF-7 Cells. Nanomaterials. 2020, 10, 1462. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/nano10081462.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen, Z.; Peng, B.; Xu, J.-Q.; Xiang, X.-C.; Ren, D.-F.; Yang, T.-Q.; Ma, S.-Y.; Zhang, K.; Chen, Q.-M. A Non-surfactant Self-templating Strategy for Mesoporous Silica Nanospheres: Beyond the Stöber Method. Nanoscale. 2020, 12, 3657–3662. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1039/C9NR10939K.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ren, G.; Su, H.; Wang, S. The Combined Method to Synthesis Silica Nanoparticle by Stöber Process. J. Sol-Gel Sci. Technol. 2020, 96, 108–120. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10971-020-05322-y.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ghimire, P. P.; Jaroniec, M. Renaissance of Stöber Method for Synthesis of Colloidal Particles: New Developments and Opportunities. J. Colloid Interface Sci. 2021, 584, 838–865.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Song, Y.; Cheng, D.; Luo, J.; Zhang, M.; Yang, Y. Surfactant-free Synthesis of Monodispersed Organosilica Particles with Pure Sulfide-bridged Silsesquioxane Framework Chemistry via Extension of Stöber Method. J. Colloid Interface Sci. 2021, 591, 129–138. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcis.2021.01.071.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sharma, B.; Tanwar, S.; Sen, T. One Pot Green Synthesis of Si Quantum Dots and Catalytic Au Nanoparticle–Si Quantum Dot Nanocomposite. ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng. 2019, 7, 3309–3318. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1021/acssuschemeng.8b05345.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nita, C.; Fullenwarth, J.; Monconduit, L.; Le Meins, J.-M.; Fioux, P.; Parmentier, J.; Ghimbeu, C. M. Eco-friendly Synthesis of SiO2 Nanoparticles Confined in Hard Carbon: A Promising Material with Unexpected Mechanism for Li-ion Batteries. Carbon. 2019, 143, 598–609. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbon.2018.11.069.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mahanta, A.; Adhikari, P.; Bora, U.; Thakur, A. J. Biosilica as an Efficient Heterogeneous Catalyst for Ipso-hydroxylation of Arylboronic Acids. Tetrahedron Lett. 2015, 56, 1780–1783. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tetlet.2015.02.039.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Köhler, L.; Machill, S.; Werner, A.; Selzer, C.; Kaskel, S.; Brunner, E. Are Diatoms “Green” Aluminosilicate Synthesis Microreactors for Future Catalyst Production? Molecules. 2017, 22, 2232. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules22122232.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jo, B. H.; Seo, J. H.; Yang, Y. J.; Baek, K.; Choi, Y. S.; Pack, S. P.; Oh, S. H.; Cha, H. J. Bioinspired Silica Nanocomposite with Autoencapsulated Carbonic Anhydrase as a Robust Biocatalyst for CO2 Sequestration. ACS Catal. 2014, 4, 4332–4340. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1021/cs5008409.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Xu, Z.; Huang, J.-W.; Xia, C.-J.; Zou, S.-P.; Xue, Y.-P.; Zheng, Y.-G. Enhanced Catalytic Stability and Reusability of Nitrilase Encapsulated in Ethyleneamine-mediated Biosilica for Regioselective Hydrolysis of 1-cyanocycloalkaneacetonitrile. Int. J. Biol. Macromol. 2019, 130, 117–124. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.02.131.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hariram, M.; Vishnukumar, P.; Vishnukumar, P.; Vivekanandhan, S. Biogenic Approaches for SiO2 Nanostructures: Exploring the Sustainable Platform of Nanofabrication. Green Sustainable Adv. Mater. 2018, 1, 107–141.
   Google Scholar
• Jo, B. H.; Kim, C. S.; Jo, Y. K.; Cheong, H.; Cha, H. J. Recent Developments and Applications of Bioinspired Silicification. Korean J. Chem. Eng. 2016, 33, 1125–1133. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11814-016-0003-z.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang, D.; Zhang, G.; Zhou, L.; Cai, D.; Wu, Z. Immobilizing Arsenic and Copper Ions in Manure Using a Nanocomposite. J. Agric. Food Chem. 2017, 65, 8999–9005. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jafc.7b02370.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shojaeepour, F.; Kazemzad, M.; Rahimpour, M. R.; Khanlarkhani, A.; Hafizi, A. Physico-chemical Characterization of Shaped Mesoporous Silica Prepared by Pseudomorphic Transformation as Catalyst Support in Methane Steam Reforming. React. Kinet. Mech. Catal. 2018, 124, 229–245. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11144-017-1321-9.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Esmaeilpour, M.; Sardarian, A.; Javidi, J. Dendrimer-encapsulated Pd (0) Nanoparticles Immobilized on Nanosilica as a Highly Active and Recyclable Catalyst for the Copper-and Phosphine-free Sonogashira–Hagihara Coupling Reactions in Water. Catal. Sci. Technol. 2016, 6, 4005–4019. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1039/C5CY01455G.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Khazaei, M.; Khazaei, A.; Nasrollahzadeh, M.; Tahsili, M. R. Highly Efficient Reusable Pd Nanoparticles Based on Eggshell: Green Synthesis, Characterization and Their Application in Catalytic Reduction of Variety of Organic Dyes and Ligand-free Oxidative Hydroxylation of Phenylboronic Acid at Room Temperature. Tetrahedron. 2017, 73, 5613–5623. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tet.2017.04.016.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Holišová, V.; Urban, M.; Kolenčík, M.; Němcová, Y.; Schröfel, A.; Peikertová, P.; Slabotinský, J.; Kratošová, G. Biosilica-nanogold Composite: Easy-to-prepare Catalyst for Soman Degradation. Arabian J. Chem. 2019, 12, 262–271. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.arabjc.2017.08.003.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kang, J.; Kim, D.; Wang, J.; Han, Y.; Zuidema, J. M.; Hariri, A.; Park, J. H.; Jokerst, J. V.; Sailor, M. J. Enhanced Performance of a Molecular Photoacoustic Imaging Agent by Encapsulation in Mesoporous Silicon Nanoparticles. Adv. Mater. 2018, 30, 1800512. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.201800512.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Veith, G. M.; Lupini, A. R.; Rashkeev, S.; Pennycook, S. J.; Mullins, D. R.; Schwartz, V.; Bridges, C. A.; Dudney, N. J. Thermal Stability and Catalytic Activity of Gold Nanoparticles Supported on Silica. J. Catal. 2009, 262, 92–101. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcat.2008.12.005.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Guczi, L.; Beck, A.; Frey, K. Role of Promoting Oxide Morphology Dictating the Activity of Au/SiO 2 Catalyst in CO Oxidation. Gold Bull. 2009, 42, 5–12. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03214900.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Comotti, M.; Li, W.-C.; Spliethoff, B.; Schüth, F. Support Effect in High Activity Gold Catalysts for CO Oxidation. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2006, 128, 917–924. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1021/ja0561441.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen, M.; Goodman, D. Structure–activity Relationships in Supported Au Catalysts. Catal. Today. 2006, 111, 22–33. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cattod.2005.10.007.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vigneron, F.; Caps, V. Evolution in the Chemical Making of Gold Oxidation Catalysts. C. R. Chim. 2016, 19, 192–198. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.crci.2015.11.015.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Holišová, V.; Natšinová, M.; Kratošová, G.; Chromčáková, Ž.; Schröfel, A.; Vávra, I.; Životský, O.; Šafařík, I.; Obalová, L. Magnetically Modified Nanogold-biosilica Composite as an Effective Catalyst for CO Oxidation. Arabian J. Chem. 2019, 12, 1148–1158. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.arabjc.2018.12.002.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shilpa, N.; Manna, J.; Rana, R. K. Bioinspired Nanoparticle‐Assembly Route to a Hybrid Scaffold: Designing a Robust Heterogeneous Catalyst for Asymmetric Dihydroxylation of Olefins. Eur. J. Inorg. Chem. 2015, 2015, 4965–4970. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/ejic.201500711.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Khataee, A.; Bozorg, S.; Vahid, B.; Dang, T.-D.; Hanifehpour, Y.; Woo Joo, S. Synthesis and Immobilization of MnO2 Nanoparticles on Bio-silica for the Efficient Degradation of an Azo Dye in the Aqueous Solution. Curr. Nanosci. 2015, 11, 129–134. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2174/1573413710666140917211140.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Soltani, R. D. C.; Jorfi, S.; Ramezani, H.; Purfadakari, S. Ultrasonically Induced ZnO–biosilica Nanocomposite for Degradation of a Textile Dye in Aqueous Phase. Ultrason. Sonochem. 2016, 28, 69–78. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ultsonch.2015.07.002.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nascimento, C. C.; Andrade, G. R.; Santos, O. S.; Neto, E. T.; Costa, S. S.; Gimenez, I. F. Biosilica from Diatomaceous Earth as Support to CdS-mediated Photocatalysis in Dry and Aqueous Phase. Mater. Des. 2017, 127, 8–14. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2017.04.070.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Darvishi Cheshmeh Soltani, R.; Khataee, A.; Mashayekhi, M. Photocatalytic Degradation of a Textile Dye in Aqueous Phase over ZnO Nanoparticles Embedded in Biosilica Nanobiostructure. Desalin. Water Treat. 2016, 57, 13494–13504. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/19443994.2015.1058193.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Passos, M. L.; Pereira, M.; Saraiva, M. L. M.; Rangel, M.; Moniz, T.; Santos, J. L.; Frigerio, C. Silica Nanostructures Synthesis and CdTe Quantum Dots Immobilization for Photocatalytical Applications. RSC Adv. 2014, 4, 59697–59705. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1039/C4RA09748C.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Van Eynde, E.; Hu, Z.-Y.; Tytgat, T.; Verbruggen, S.; Watté, J.; Van Tendeloo, G.; Van Driessche, I.; Blust, R.; Lenaerts, S. Diatom Silica–titania Photocatalysts for Air Purification by Bio-accumulation of Different Titanium Sources. Environ. Sci.: Nano. 2016, 3, 1052–1061.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Darvishi Cheshmeh Soltani, R.; Khataee, A.; Koolivand, A. Kinetic, Isotherm, and Thermodynamic Studies for Removal of Direct Red 12b Using Nanostructured Biosilica Incorporated into Calcium Alginate Matrix. Environ. Prog. Sustainable Energy. 2015, 34, 1435–1443. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/ep.12146.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bageru, A.; Srivastava, V. Efficient Teff-straw Based Biocomposites with Chitosan and Alginate for Pyridine Removal. Int. J. Environ. Sci. Technol. 2019, 16, 5757–5766. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13762-018-1957-7.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang, D.; Guo, W.; Zhang, G.; Zhou, L.; Wang, M.; Lu, Y.; Cai, D.; Wu, Z. Remediation of Cr (Vi)-contaminated Acid Soil Using a Nanocomposite. ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng. 2017, 5, 2246–2254. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1021/acssuschemeng.6b02569.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Koeller, K. M.; Wong, C.-H. Enzymes for Chemical Synthesis. Nature. 2001, 409, 232–240. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/35051706.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schmid, A.; Dordick, J.; Hauer, B.; Kiener, A.; Wubbolts, M.; Witholt, B. Industrial Biocatalysis Today and Tomorrow. Nature. 2001, 409, 258–268. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/35051736.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• James, J.; Simpson, B. K.; Marshall, M. R. Application of Enzymes in Food Processing. Crit. Rev. Food Sci. Nutr. 1996, 36, 437–463. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/10408399609527735.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Álvarez, C.; Reyes‐Sosa, F. M.; Díez, B. Enzymatic Hydrolysis of Biomass from Wood. Microb. Biotechnol. 2016, 9, 149–156. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/1751-7915.12346.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yang, B.; Li, J.; Deng, H.; Zhang, L. Progress of Mimetic Enzymes and Their Applications in Chemical Sensors. Crit. Rev. Anal. Chem. 2016, 46, 469–481. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/10408347.2016.1151767.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ravera, E.; Michaelis, V. K.; Ong, T.-C.; Keeler, M. E. G.; Martelli, T.; Fragai, M.; Griffin, R. G.; Luchinat, C. Biosilica-Entrapped Enzymes Can Be Studied by DNP-enhanced High-field NMR. Chemphyschem. 2015, 16, 2751. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/cphc.201500549.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cowan, D. A.; Fernandez-Lafuente, R. Enhancing the Functional Properties of Thermophilic Enzymes by Chemical Modification and Immobilization. Enzyme Microb. Technol. 2011, 49, 326–346.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liese, A.; Hilterhaus, L. Evaluation of Immobilized Enzymes for Industrial Applications. Chem. Soc. Rev. 2013, 42, 6236–6249. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1039/c3cs35511j.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Arıca, M. Y.; Bayramoğlu, G. Invertase Reversibly Immobilized onto Polyethylenimine-grafted Poly (GMA–MMA) Beads for Sucrose Hydrolysis. J. Mol. Catal. B: Enzym. 2006, 38, 131–138. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molcatb.2005.12.006.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bayramoglu, G.; Gursel, I.; Yilmaz, M.; Arica, M. Y. Immobilization of Laccase on Itaconic Acid Grafted and Cu (II) Ion Chelated Chitosan Membrane for Bioremediation of Hazardous Materials. J. Chem. Technol. Biotechnol. 2012, 87, 530–539. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/jctb.2743.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ensuncho, L.; Alvarez-Cuenca, M.; Legge, R. L. Removal of Aqueous Phenol Using Immobilized Enzymes in a Bench Scale and Pilot Scale Three-phase Fluidized Bed Reactor. Bioprocess Biosyst. Eng. 2005, 27, 185–191. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00449-005-0400-x.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mateo, C.; Palomo, J. M.; Fernandez-Lorente, G.; Guisan, J. M.; Fernandez-Lafuente, R. Improvement of Enzyme Activity, Stability and Selectivity via Immobilization Techniques. Enzyme Microb. Technol. 2007, 40, 1451–1463. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enzmictec.2007.01.018.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Begum, G.; Oschatz, C.; Oschatz, M.; Kaskel, S.; Brunner, E.; Kröger, N. Influence of Silica Architecture on the Catalytic Activity of Immobilized Glucose Oxidase. Bioinspired Biomimetic Nanobiomater. 2018, 8, 72–80. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1680/jbibn.18.00002.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kumari, E.; Görlich, S.; Poulsen, N.; Kröger, N. Genetically Programmed Regioselective Immobilization of Enzymes in Biosilica Microparticles. Adv. Funct. Mater. 2020, 30, 2000442. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.202000442.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Poulsen, N.; Berne, C.; Spain, J.; Kroeger, N. Silica Immobilization of an Enzyme through Genetic Engineering of the Diatom Thalassiosira Pseudonana. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2007, 46, 1843–1846. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.200603928.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Menale, C.; Nicolucci, C.; Catapane, M.; Rossi, S.; Bencivenga, U.; Mita, D.; Diano, N. Optimization of Operational Conditions for Biodegradation of Chlorophenols by Laccase-polyacrilonitrile Beads System. J. Mol. Catal. B: Enzym. 2012, 78, 38–44. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molcatb.2012.01.021.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mendis, M.; Mendoza, B. R.; Simsek, S. Covalent Immobilization of Transglucosidase onto Polymer Beads for Production of Isomaltooligosaccharides. Catal. Lett. 2012, 142, 1107–1113. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10562-012-0866-5.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shao, J.; Huang, L. L.; Yang, Y. M. Immobilization of Polyphenol Oxidase on alginate–SiO2 Hybrid Gel: Stability and Preliminary Applications in the Removal of Aqueous Phenol. J. Chem. Technol. Biotechnol. Int. Res. Process Environ. Clean Technol. 2009, 84, 633–635. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/jctb.2086.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sun, L.; Liang, H.; Yuan, Q.; Wang, T.; Zhang, H. Study on a Carboxyl‐activated Carrier and Its Properties for Papain Immobilization. J. Chem. Technol. Biotechnol. 2012, 87, 1083–1088. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/jctb.3714.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li, L.; Jiang, Z.; Wu, H.; Feng, Y.; Li, J. Protamine-induced Biosilica as Efficient Enzyme Immobilization Carrier with High Loading and Improved Stability. Mater. Sci. Eng C. 2009, 29, 2029–2035. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msec.2009.03.020.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Luckarift, H. R.; Spain, J. C.; Naik, R. R.; Stone, M. O. Enzyme Immobilization in a Biomimetic Silica Support. Nat. Biotechnol. 2004, 22, 211–213. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/nbt931.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Garcia‐Galan, C.; Berenguer‐Murcia, Á.; Fernandez‐Lafuente, R.; Rodrigues, R. C. Potential of Different Enzyme Immobilization Strategies to Improve Enzyme Performance. Adv. Synth. Catal. 2011, 353, 2885–2904. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/adsc.201100534.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rodrigues, R. C.; Berenguer‐Murcia, Á.; Fernandez‐Lafuente, R. Coupling Chemical Modification and Immobilization to Improve the Catalytic Performance of Enzymes. Adv. Synth. Catal. 2011, 353, 2216–2238. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/adsc.201100163.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fernandez-Lafuente, R.;. Stabilization of Multimeric Enzymes: Strategies to Prevent Subunit Dissociation. Enzyme Microb. Technol. 2009, 45, 405–418. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enzmictec.2009.08.009.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hernandez, K.; Fernandez-Lafuente, R. Control of Protein Immobilization: Coupling Immobilization and Site-directed Mutagenesis to Improve Biocatalyst or Biosensor Performance. Enzyme Microb. Technol. 2011, 48, 107–122. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enzmictec.2010.10.003.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kim, S.; Joo, K. I.; Jo, B. H.; Cha, H. J. Stability-controllable Self-immobilization of Carbonic Anhydrase Fused with a Silica-binding Tag onto Diatom Biosilica for Enzymatic CO2 Capture and Utilization. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces. 2020, 12, 27055–27063.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Xiong, Y.; Ford, N. R.; Hecht, K. A.; Roesijadi, G.; Squier, T. C. Dynamic Stabilization of Expressed Proteins in Engineered Diatom Biosilica Matrices. Bioconjugate Chem. 2016, 27, 1205–1209. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.6b00165.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Van Den Heuvel, D. B.; Stawski, T. M.; Tobler, D. J.; Wirth, R.; Peacock, C. L.; Benning, L. G. Formation of Silica-lysozyme Composites through co-Precipitation and Adsorption. Front. Mater. 2018, 5, 19. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/fmats.2018.00019.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hwang, E. T.; Gu, M. B. Enzyme Stabilization by Nano/microsized Hybrid Materials. Eng. Life Sci. 2013, 13, 49–61. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/elsc.201100225.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Secundo, F. Conformational Changes of Enzymes upon Immobilisation. Chem. Soc. Rev. 2013, 42, 6250–6261. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1039/c3cs35495d.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Adlercreutz, P. Immobilisation and Application of Lipases in Organic Media. Chem. Soc. Rev. 2013, 42, 6406–6436. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1039/c3cs35446f.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sheldon, R. A.; Van Pelt, S. Enzyme Immobilisation in Biocatalysis: Why, What and How. Chem. Soc. Rev. 2013, 42, 6223–6235. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1039/C3CS60075K.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bayramoglu, G.; Yilmaz, M.; Arica, M. Y. Preparation and Characterization of Epoxy-functionalized Magnetic Chitosan Beads: Laccase Immobilized for Degradation of Reactive Dyes. Bioprocess Biosyst. Eng. 2010, 33, 439–448. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00449-009-0345-6.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bayramoğlu, G.; Arıca, M. Y. Enzymatic Removal of Phenol and P-chlorophenol in Enzyme Reactor: Horseradish Peroxidase Immobilized on Magnetic Beads. J. Hazard. Mater. 2008, 156, 148–155. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2007.12.008.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Arıca, M. Y.; Bayramoǧlu, G. Reversible Immobilization of Tyrosinase onto Polyethyleneimine-grafted and Cu (II) Chelated Poly (Hema-co-gma) Reactive Membranes. J. Mol. Catal. B: Enzym. 2004, 27, 255–265. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molcatb.2003.12.006.
   Google Scholar
• Luckarift, H. R. Silica-immobilized Enzyme Reactors. J Liquid Chromatogr Relat. Technol. 2008, 31, 1568–1592. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/10826070802125959.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Marner, W. D.; Shaikh, A. S.; Muller, S. J.; Keasling, J. D. Enzyme Immobilization via Silaffin‐mediated Autoencapsulation in a Biosilica Support. Biotechnol. Prog. 2009, 25, 417–423. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/btpr.136.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liya, Z.; Cui, W.; Jiang, Y.; Jing, G. Immobilization of Papain in Biosilica Matrix and Its Catalytic Property. Chin. J. Chem. Eng. 2013, 21, 670–675. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S1004-9541(13)60528-5.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang, X.; Schröder, H. C.; Müller, W. E. Enzyme-based Biosilica and Biocalcite: Biomaterials for the Future in Regenerative Medicine. Trends Biotechnol. 2014, 32, 441–447. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tibtech.2014.05.004.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sola-Rabada, A.; Sahare, P.; Hickman, G. J.; Vasquez, M.; Canham, L. T.; Perry, C. C.; Agarwal, V. Biogenic Porous Silica and Silicon Sourced from Mexican Giant Horsetail (Equisetum Myriochaetum) and Their Application as Supports for Enzyme Immobilization. Colloids Surf. B. 2018, 166, 195–202. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.colsurfb.2018.02.047.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ismaya, W. T.; Rozeboom, H. J.; Weijn, A.; Mes, J. J.; Fusetti, F.; Wichers, H. J.; Dijkstra, B. W. Crystal Structure of Agaricus Bisporus Mushroom Tyrosinase: Identity of the Tetramer Subunits and Interaction with Tropolone. Biochemistry. 2011, 50, 5477–5486. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1021/bi200395t.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bayramoglu, G.; Akbulut, A.; Arica, M. Y. Immobilization of Tyrosinase on Modified Diatom Biosilica: Enzymatic Removal of Phenolic Compounds from Aqueous Solution. J. Hazard. Mater. 2013, 244, 528–536. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2012.10.041.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zheng, -M.-M.; Huang, Q.; Huang, F.-H.; Guo, P.-M.; Xiang, X.; Deng, Q.-C.; Li, W.-L.; Wan, C.-Y.; Zheng, C. Production of Novel “Functional Oil” Rich in Diglycerides and Phytosterol Esters with “One-pot” Enzymatic Transesterification. J. Agric. Food Chem. 2014, 62, 5142–5148. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1021/jf500744n.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hiol, A.; Jonzo, M. D.; Rugani, N.; Druet, D.; Sarda, L.; Comeau, L. C. Purification and Characterization of an Extracellular Lipase from a Thermophilic Rhizopus Oryzae Strain Isolated from Palm Fruit. Enzyme Microb. Technol. 2000, 26, 421–430. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0141-0229(99)00173-8.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bayramoglu, G.; Akbulut, A.; Ozalp, V. C.; Arica, M. Y. Immobilized Lipase on Micro-porous Biosilica for Enzymatic Transesterification of Algal Oil. Chem. Eng. Res. Des. 2015, 95, 12–21. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cherd.2014.12.011.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cui, J.; Zhao, Y.; Feng, Y.; Lin, T.; Zhong, C.; Tan, Z.; Jia, S. Encapsulation of Spherical Cross-linked Phenylalanine Ammonia Lyase Aggregates in Mesoporous Biosilica. J. Agric. Food Chem. 2017, 65, 618–625. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jafc.6b05003.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhang, Y.; Wu, H.; Li, J.; Li, L.; Jiang, Y.; Jiang, Y.; Jiang, Z. Protamine-templated Biomimetic Hybrid Capsules: Efficient and Stable Carrier for Enzyme Encapsulation. Chem. Mater. 2008, 20, 1041–1048. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1021/cm701959e.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lin, Y.; Jin, W.; Qiu, Y.; Zhang, G. Programmable Stimuli-responsive Polypeptides for Biomimetic Synthesis of Silica Nanocomposites and Enzyme Self-immobilization. Int. J. Biol. Macromol. 2019, 134, 1156–1169. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.05.159.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Uthappa, U.; Sriram, G.; Arvind, O.; Kumar, S.; Neelgund, G. M.; Losic, D.; Kurkuri, M. D. Engineering MIL-100 (Fe) on 3D Porous Natural Diatoms as a Versatile High Performing Platform for Controlled Isoniazid Drug Release, Fenton’s Catalysis for Malachite Green Dye Degradation and Environmental Adsorbents for Pb2+ Removal and Dyes. Appl. Surf. Sci. 2020, 528, 146974. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsusc.2020.146974.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Konvičková, Z.; Schröfel, A.; Kolenčík, M.; Dědková, K.; Peikertová, P.; Žídek, M.; Seidlerová, J.; Kratošová, G. Antimicrobial Bionanocomposite–from Precursors to the Functional Material in One Simple Step. J. Nanopart. Res. 2016, 18, 368. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11051-016-3664-y.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cruz, M. D. A.; Gabbai-Armelin, P. R.; Santana, A. D. F.; Prado, J. P. D. S.; Avanzi, I. R.; Parisi, J. R.; Custódio, M. R.; Granito, R. N.; Renno, A. C. M. In Vivo Biological Effects of Marine Biosilica on a Tibial Bone Defect in Rats. Braz. Arch. Biol. Technol. 2020, 63. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-4324-2020190084.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cicco, S. R.; Vona, D.; Leone, G.; De Giglio, E.; Bonifacio, M. A.; Cometa, S.; Fiore, S.; Palumbo, F.; Ragni, R.; Farinola, G. M. In Vivo Functionalization of Diatom Biosilica with Sodium Alendronate as Osteoactive Material. Mater. Sci. Eng. C. 2019, 104, 109897. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msec.2019.109897.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wiens, M.; Niem, T.; Elkhooly, T. A.; Steffen, R.; Neumann, S.; Schloßmacher, U.; Müller, W. E. Osteogenic Potential of a Biosilica-coated P (Udma-co-mps) Copolymer. J. Mater. Chem. B. 2013, 1, 3339–3343. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1039/c3tb20325e.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhang, K.; Li, J.; Wang, Y.; Mu, Y.; Sun, X.; Su, C.; Dong, Y.; Pang, J.; Huang, L.; Chen, X. Hydroxybutyl Chitosan/diatom-biosilica Composite Sponge for Hemorrhage Control. Carbohydr. Polym. 2020, 236, 116051. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbpol.2020.116051.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gale, D. K.; Gutu, T.; Jiao, J.; Chang, C. H.; Rorrer, G. L. Photoluminescence Detection of Biomolecules by Antibody‐functionalized Diatom Biosilica. Adv. Funct. Mater. 2009, 19, 926–933. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.200801137.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rea, I.; Martucci, N. M.; De Stefano, L.; Ruggiero, I.; Terracciano, M.; Dardano, P.; Migliaccio, N.; Arcari, P.; Taté, R.; Rendina, I. Diatomite Biosilica Nanocarriers for siRNA Transport inside Cancer Cells. Biochim. Biophys. Acta (BBA) Gen. Subj. 2014, 1840, 3393–3403. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbagen.2014.09.009.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Esfandyari, J.; Shojaedin-Givi, B.; Hashemzadeh, H.; Mozafari-Nia, M.; Vaezi, Z.; Naderi-Manesh, H. Capture and Detection of Rare Cancer Cells in Blood by Intrinsic Fluorescence of a Novel Functionalized Diatom. Photodiagn. Photodyn. Ther. 2020, 30, 101753. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pdpdt.2020.101753.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Guo, J.; Li, C.; Ling, S.; Huang, W.; Chen, Y.; Kaplan, D. L. Multiscale Design and Synthesis of Biomimetic Gradient Protein/biosilica Composites for Interfacial Tissue Engineering. Biomaterials. 2017, 145, 44–55. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biomaterials.2017.08.025.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Delalat, B.; Sheppard, V. C.; Ghaemi, S. R.; Rao, S.; Prestidge, C. A.; McPhee, G.; Rogers, M.-L.; Donoghue, J. F.; Pillay, V.; Johns, T. G. Targeted Drug Delivery Using Genetically Engineered Diatom Biosilica. Nat. Commun. 2015, 6, 1–11. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms9791.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kong, X.; Chong, X.; Squire, K.; Wang, A. X. Microfluidic Diatomite Analytical Devices for Illicit Drug Sensing with ppb-Level Sensitivity. Sens. Actuators B Chem. 2018, 259, 587–595. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.snb.2017.12.038.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• De Stefano, L.; Lamberti, A.; Rotiroti, L.; De Stefano, M. Interfacing the Nanostructured Biosilica Microshells of the Marine Diatom Coscinodiscus Wailesii with Biological Matter. Acta Biomater. 2008, 4, 126–130. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actbio.2007.09.003.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ford, N. R.; Xiong, Y.; Hecht, K. A.; Squier, T. C.; Rorrer, G. L.; Roesijadi, G. Optimizing the Design of Diatom Biosilica-Targeted Fusion Proteins in Biosensor Construction for Bacillus Anthracis Detection. Biology. 2020, 9, 14. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/biology9010014.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Amoda, A.; Borkiewicz, L.; Rivero-Müller, A.; Alam, P. Sintered Nanoporous Biosilica Diatom Frustules as High Efficiency Cell-growth and Bone-mineralisation Platforms. Mater. Today Commun. 2020, 24, 100923. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mtcomm.2020.100923.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Seo, Y.; Leong, J.; Park, J. D.; Hong, Y.-T.; Chu, S.-H.; Park, C.; Kim, D. H.; Deng, Y.-H.; Dushnov, V.; Soh, J. Diatom Microbubbler for Active Biofilm Removal in Confined Spaces. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces. 2018, 10, 35685–35692. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.8b08643.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wiens, M.; Wang, X.; Schloßmacher, U.; Lieberwirth, I.; Glasser, G.; Ushijima, H.; Schröder, H. C.; Müller, W. E. Osteogenic Potential of Biosilica on Human Osteoblast-like (Saos-2) Cells. Calcif. Tissue Int. 2010, 87, 513–524. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00223-010-9408-6.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wiens, M.; Wang, X.; Schröder, H. C.; Kolb, U.; Schloßmacher, U.; Ushijima, H.; Müller, W. E. The Role of Biosilica in the osteoprotegerin/RANKL Ratio in Human Osteoblast-like Cells. Biomaterials. 2010, 31, 7716–7725. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biomaterials.2010.07.002.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Terracciano, M.; Napolitano, M.; De Stefano, L.; De Luca, A. C.; Rea, I. Gold Decorated Porous Biosilica Nanodevices for Advanced Medicine. Nanotechnology. 2018, 29, 235601. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6528/aab7c4.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pytlik, N.; Brunner, E. Diatoms as Potential “Green” Nanocomposite and Nanoparticle Synthesizers: Challenges, Prospects, and Future Materials Applications. MRS Commun. 2018, 8, 322–331. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1557/mrc.2018.34.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vona, D.; Cicco, S. R.; Ragni, R.; Leone, G.; Presti, M. L.; Farinola, G. M. Biosilica/polydopamine/silver Nanoparticles Composites: New Hybrid Multifunctional Heterostructures Obtained by Chemical Modification of Thalassiosira Weissflogii Silica Shells. MRS Commun. 2018, 8, 911–917. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1557/mrc.2018.103.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• De Stefano, L.; De Stefano, M.; De Tommasi, E.; Rea, I.; Rendina, I. A Natural Source of Porous Biosilica for Nanotech Applications: The Diatoms Microalgae. Phys. Status Solidi C. 2011, 8, 1820–1825. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/pssc.201000328.
   Google Scholar
• Wang, X.; Schröder, H.; Müller, W. Properties and Applications of Biosilica Enzymatically Synthesized by Aquatic/marine Sponges. In Functional Marine Biomaterials; Kim, S.-K; Woodhead Publishing, Elsevier, 2015; pp 33–50.
   Google Scholar
• Venkatesan, J.; Anil, S.; Chalisserry, E. P.; Kim, S.-K. Marine Sponges as Future Biomedical Models. In Marine Sponges: Pallela, R., Ehrlich, H; Chemicobiological and Biomedical Applications; Springer:New Delhi, 2016; pp 349–357.
   Google Scholar
• Lei, Q.; Guo, J.; Noureddine, A.; Wang, A.; Wuttke, S.; Brinker, C. J.; Zhu, W. Sol–Gel‐Based Advanced Porous Silica Materials for Biomedical Applications. Adv. Funct. Mater. 2020, 30, 1909539. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.201909539.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Abdelhamid, M. A. A.; Pack, S. P. Biomimetic and Bioinspired Silicifications: Recent Advances for Biomaterial Design and Applications. Acta Biomater. 2020, 120, 38–56.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Silva, T. H.; Alves, A.; Ferreira, B.; Oliveira, J. M.; Reys, L.; Ferreira, R.; Sousa, R.; Silva, S. S.; Mano, J.; Reis, R. Materials of Marine Origin: A Review on Polymers and Ceramics of Biomedical Interest. Int. Mater. Rev. 2012, 57, 276–306. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1179/1743280412Y.0000000002.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Maher, S.; Kumeria, T.; Aw, M. S.; Losic, D. Diatom Silica for Biomedical Applications: Recent Progress and Advances. Adv. Healthcare Mater. 2018, 7, 1800552. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/adhm.201800552.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ragni, R.; Cicco, S.; Vona, D.; Leone, G.; Farinola, G. M. Biosilica from Diatoms Microalgae: Smart Materials from Bio-medicine to Photonics. J. Mater. Res. 2017, 32, 279. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1557/jmr.2016.459.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Albert, K.; Huang, X.-C.; Hsu, H.-Y. Bio-templated Silica Composites for Next-generation Biomedical Applications. Adv. Colloid Interface Sci. 2017, 249, 272–289. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cis.2017.04.011.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kang, R. H.; Jang, J. E.; Huh, E.; Kang, S. J.; Ahn, D. R.; Kang, J. S.; Sailor, M. J.; Yeo, S. G.; Oh, M. S.; Kim, D.; et al. A Brain Tumor-homing Tetra-peptide Delivers A Nano-therapeutic for More Effective Treatment of A Mouse Model of Glioblastoma. Nanoscale Horiz. 2020, 5, 1213–1225. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1039/D0NH00077A.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zuidema, J. M.; Bertucci, A.; Kang, J.; Sailor, M. J.; Ricci, F. Hybrid Polymer/porous Silicon Nanofibers for Loading and Sustained Release of Synthetic DNA-based Responsive Devices. Nanoscale. 2020, 12, 2333–2339. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1039/C9NR08474F.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kim, B.; Sailor, M. J. Synthesis, Functionalization, and Characterization of Fusogenic Porous Silicon Nanoparticles for Oligonucleotide Delivery. JoVE (J. Visualized Exp.). 2019, 16, e59440.
   Google Scholar
• Knopp, D.; Tang, D.; Niessner, R. Bioanalytical Applications of Biomolecule-functionalized Nanometer-sized Doped Silica Particles. Anal. Chim. Acta. 2009, 647, 14–30. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aca.2009.05.037.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ould-Ely, T.; Bawazer, L.; Morse, D. Bio-inspired Silica Nanomaterials for Biomedical Applications. In Comprehensive Biomaterials; Ducheyne, P ; Elsevier: Amsterdam, Netherlands, 2011; pp 1–16.
   Google Scholar
• Wang, S.-F.; Wang, X.-H.; Gan, L.; Wiens, M.; Schröder, H. C.; Müller, W. E. Biosilica-glass Formation Using Enzymes from Sponges [Silicatein]: Basic Aspects and Application in Biomedicine [Bone Reconstitution Material and Osteoporosis]. Front. Mater. Sci. 2011, 5, 266–281. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11706-011-0145-1.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wysokowski, M.; Jesionowski, T.; Ehrlich, H. Biosilica as a Source for Inspiration in Biological Materials Science. Am. Mineral. 2018, 103, 665–691. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2138/am-2018-6429.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Venkatesan, J.; Lowe, B.; Kim, S.-K. Application of Diatom Biosilica in Drug Delivery. In Handbook of Marine Microalgae; Kim, S-.K ; Elsevier: UK and USA, 2015; pp 245–254.
   Google Scholar
• Uthappa, U.; Brahmkhatri, V.; Sriram, G.; Jung, H.-Y.; Yu, J.; Kurkuri, N.; Aminabhavi, T. M.; Altalhi, T.; Neelgund, G. M.; Kurkuri, M. D. Nature Engineered Diatom Biosilica as Drug Delivery Systems. J. Controlled Release. 2018, 281, 70–83. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jconrel.2018.05.013.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rigby, S.; Fairhead, M.; Van Der Walle, C. F. Engineering Silica Particles as Oral Drug Delivery Vehicles. Curr. Pharm. Des. 2008, 14, 1821–1831. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2174/138161208784746671.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Terracciano, M.; De Stefano, L.; Rea, I. Diatoms Green Nanotechnology for Biosilica-based Drug Delivery Systems. Pharmaceutics. 2018, 10, 242. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics10040242.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Delasoie, J.; Zobi, F. Natural Diatom Biosilica as Microshuttles in Drug Delivery Systems. Pharmaceutics. 2019, 11, 537. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics11100537.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang, X.; Schröder, H. C.; Müller, W. E. Biocalcite, a Multifunctional Inorganic Polymer: Building Block for Calcareous Sponge Spicules and Bioseed for the Synthesis of Calcium Phosphate-based Bone. Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 610–621. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3762/bjnano.5.72.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vasani, R.; Losic, D.; Cavallaro, A.; Voelcker, N. Fabrication of Stimulus-responsive Diatom Biosilica Microcapsules for Antibiotic Drug Delivery. J. Mater. Chem. B. 2015, 3, 4325–4329. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1039/C5TB00648A.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nagasaki, Y. Nitroxide Radicals and Nanoparticles: A Partnership for Nanomedicine Radical Delivery. Ther. Delivery. 2012, 3, 165–179. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4155/tde.11.153.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Cicco, S. R.; Vona, D.; De Giglio, E.; Cometa, S.; Mattioli-Belmonte, M.; Palumbo, F.; Ragni, R.; Farinola, G. M. Chemically Modified Diatoms Biosilica for Bone Cell Growth with Combined Drug-delivery and Antioxidant Properties. ChemPlusChem. 2015, 80, 1104–1112. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/cplu.201402398.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ki, M.-R.; Kim, J. K.; Kim, S. H.; Nguyen, T. K. M.; Kim, K. H.; Pack, S. P. Compartment-restricted and Rate-controlled Dual Drug Delivery System Using a Biosilica-enveloped Ferritin Cage. J. Ind. Eng. Chem. 2020, 81, 367–374. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jiec.2019.09.027.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Todd, T.; Zhen, Z.; Tang, W.; Chen, H.; Wang, G.; Chuang, Y.-J.; Deaton, K.; Pan, Z.; Xie, J. Iron Oxide Nanoparticle Encapsulated Diatoms for Magnetic Delivery of Small Molecules to Tumors. Nanoscale. 2014, 6, 2073–2076. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1039/c3nr05623f.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schröder, H. C.; Grebenjuk, V. A.; Wang, X.; Müller, W. E. Hierarchical Architecture of Sponge Spicules: Biocatalytic and Structure-directing Activity of Silicatein Proteins as Model for Bioinspired Applications. Bioinspiration Biomimetics. 2016, 11, 041002. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-3190/11/4/041002.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schröder, H. C.; Wiens, M.; Wang, X.; Schloßmacher, U.; Müller, W. E. Biosilica-based Strategies for Treatment of Osteoporosis and Other Bone Diseases. In Molecular Biomineralization; Muller, W ; Springer: Berlin, Heidelberg, 2011; pp 283–312.
   Google Scholar
• Wang, X.; Schröder, H. C.; Müller, W. E. Enzymatically Synthesized Inorganic Polymers as Morphogenetically Active Bone Scaffolds: Application in Regenerative Medicine. In IJeon, K. W nternational Review of Cell and Molecular Biology; Elsevier: UK and USA, 2014; 313, pp 27–77.
   Google Scholar
• Wang, X.; Schröder, H. C.; Wiens, M.; Schlossmacher, U.; Mueller, W. E. Biosilica: Molecular Biology, Biochemistry and Function in Demosponges as Well as Its Applied Aspects for Tissue Engineering. In Advances in Marine Biology;  Becerro, M. A., Uriz, M. J., Maldonado, M., Turon, X; Elsevier: UK and USA, 2012; 62, pp 231–271.
   Google Scholar
• Venkatesan, J.; Bhatnagar, I.; Manivasagan, P.; Kang, K.-H.; Kim, S.-K. Alginate Composites for Bone Tissue Engineering: A Review. Int. J. Biol. Macromol. 2015, 72, 269–281. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2014.07.008.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Granito, R. N.; Custodio, M. R.; Rennó, A. C. M. Natural Marine Sponges for Bone Tissue Engineering: The State of Art and Future Perspectives. J. Biomed. Mater. Res. Part B. 2017, 105, 1717–1727. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/jbm.b.33706.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang, S.; Wang, X.; Draenert, F. G.; Albert, O.; Schröder, H. C.; Mailänder, V.; Mitov, G.; Müller, W. E. Bioactive and Biodegradable Silica Biomaterial for Bone Regeneration. Bone. 2014, 67, 292–304. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bone.2014.07.025.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tamburaci, S.; Tihminlioglu, F. Biosilica Incorporated 3D Porous Scaffolds for Bone Tissue Engineering Applications. Mater. Sci. Eng. C. 2018, 91, 274–291. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msec.2018.05.040.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Özarslan, A. C.; Yücel, S. Fabrication and Characterization of Strontium Incorporated 3-D Bioactive Glass Scaffolds for Bone Tissue from Biosilica. Mater. Sci. Eng. C. 2016, 68, 350–357. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msec.2016.06.004.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Müller, W. E.; Schröder, H. C.; Feng, Q.; Schlossmacher, U.; Link, T.; Wang, X. Development of a Morphogenetically Active Scaffold for Three‐dimensional Growth of Bone Cells: Biosilica–alginate Hydrogel for SaOS‐2 Cell Cultivation. J. Tissue Eng. Regener. Med. 2015, 9, E39–E50. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/term.1745.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang, X.; Schröder, H. C.; Grebenjuk, V.; Diehl-Seifert, B.; Mailänder, V.; Steffen, R.; Schloßmacher, U.; Müller, W. E. The Marine Sponge-derived Inorganic Polymers, Biosilica and Polyphosphate, as Morphogenetically Active Matrices/scaffolds for the Differentiation of Human Multipotent Stromal Cells: Potential Application in 3D Printing and Distraction Osteogenesis. Mar. Drugs. 2014, 12, 1131–1147. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/md12021131.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cha, B. H.; Lee, S.-M.; Park, J. C.; Hwang, K. S.; Kim, S. K.; Lee, Y.-S.; Ju, B.-K.; Kim, T. S. Detection of Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) DNA at Femtomolar Concentrations Using a Silica Nanoparticle-enhanced Microcantilever Sensor. Biosens. Bioelectron. 2009, 25, 130–135. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bios.2009.06.015.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• De Stefano, L.; Rotiroti, L.; De Stefano, M.; Lamberti, A.; Lettieri, S.; Setaro, A.; Maddalena, P. Marine Diatoms as Optical Biosensors. Biosens. Bioelectron. 2009, 24, 1580–1584. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bios.2008.08.016.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yang, W.; Lopez, P. J.; Rosengarten, G. Diatoms: Self Assembled Silica Nanostructures, and Templates for Bio/chemical Sensors and Biomimetic Membranes. Analyst. 2011, 136, 42–53. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1039/C0AN00602E.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Adányi, N.; Bori, Z.; Szendrő, I.; Erdélyi, K.; Wang, X.; Schröder, H. C.; Müller, W. E. Bacterial Sensors Based on Biosilica Immobilization for Label-free OWLS Detection. New Biotechnol. 2013, 30, 493–499. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nbt.2013.01.006.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Viji, S.; Anbazhagi, M.; Ponpandian, N.; Mangalaraj, D.; Jeyanthi, S.; Santhanam, P.; Devi, A. S.; Viswanathan, C. Diatom-based Label-free Optical Biosensor for Biomolecules. Appl. Biochem. Biotechnol. 2014, 174, 1166–1173. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12010-014-1040-x.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Korkmaz, A.; Kenton, M.; Aksin, G.; Kahraman, M.; Wachsmann-Hogiu, S. Inexpensive and Flexible SERS Substrates on Adhesive Tape Based on Biosilica Plasmonic Nanocomposites. Acs Appl. Nano Mater. 2018, 1, 5316–5326. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1021/acsanm.8b01336.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kong, X.; Squire, K.; Li, E.; LeDuff, P.; Rorrer, G. L.; Tang, S.; Chen, B.; McKay, C. P.; Navarro-Gonzalez, R.; Wang, A. X. Chemical and Biological Sensing Using Diatom Photonic Crystal Biosilica with In-situ Growth Plasmonic Nanoparticles. IEEE Trans. Nanobiosci. 2016, 15, 828–834. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/TNB.2016.2636869.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kamińska, A.; Sprynskyy, M.; Winkler, K.; Szymborski, T. Ultrasensitive SERS Immunoassay Based on Diatom Biosilica for Detection of Interleukins in Blood Plasma. Anal. Bioanal. Chem. 2017, 409, 6337–6347. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00216-017-0566-5.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sharma, P.; Brown, S.; Walter, G.; Santra, S.; Moudgil, B. Nanoparticles for Bioimaging. Adv. Colloid Interface Sci. 2006, 123, 471–485. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cis.2006.05.026.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bagwe, R. P.; Yang, C.; Hilliard, L. R.; Tan, W. Optimization of Dye-doped Silica Nanoparticles Prepared Using a Reverse Microemulsion Method. Langmuir. 2004, 20, 8336–8342. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1021/la049137j.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Santra, S.; Bagwe, R. P.; Dutta, D.; Stanley, J. T.; Walter, G. A.; Tan, W.; Moudgil, B. M.; Mericle, R. A. Synthesis and Characterization of Fluorescent, Radio‐opaque, and Paramagnetic Silica Nanoparticles for Multimodal Bioimaging Applications. Adv. Mate. 2005, 17, 2165–2169. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.200500018.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tapec, R.; Zhao, X. J.; Tan, W. Development of Organic Dye-doped Silica Nanoparticles for Bioanalysis and Biosensors. J. Nanosci. Nanotechnol. 2002, 2, 405–409. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1166/jnn.2002.114.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Squire, K. J.; Zhao, Y.; Tan, A.; Sivashanmugan, K.; Kraai, J. A.; Rorrer, G. L.; Wang, A. X. Photonic Crystal-enhanced Fluorescence Imaging Immunoassay for Cardiovascular Disease Biomarker Screening with Machine Learning Analysis. Sens. Actuators B Chem. 2019, 290, 118–124. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.snb.2019.03.102.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Managò, S.; Migliaccio, N.; Terracciano, M.; Napolitano, M.; Martucci, N. M.; De Stefano, L.; Rendina, I.; De Luca, A. C.; Lamberti, A.; Rea, I. Internalization Kinetics and Cytoplasmic Localization of Functionalized Diatomite Nanoparticles in Cancer Cells by Raman Imaging. J. Biophotonics. 2018, 11, e201700207. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/jbio.201700207.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hussein, H. A.; Abdullah, M. A. Anticancer Compounds Derived from Marine Diatoms. Mar. Drugs. 2020, 18, 356. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/md18070356.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Monteiro, W. F.; Diz, F. M.; Andrieu, L.; Morrone, F. B.; Ligabue, R. A.; Bernardo-Gusmão, K.; De Souza, M. O.; Schwanke, A. J. Waste to Health: Ag-LTA Zeolites Obtained by Green Synthesis from Diatom and Rice-based Residues with Antitumoral Activity. Microporous Mesoporous Mater. 2020, 307, 110508. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.micromeso.2020.110508.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li, Y.; Wang, S.; Song, F. X.; Zhang, L.; Yang, W.; Wang, H. X.; Chen, Q. L. A pH-sensitive Drug Delivery System Based on Folic Acid-targeted HBP-modified Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles for Cancer Therapy. Colloids Surf. A. 2020, 590, 124470. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.colsurfa.2020.124470.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Elbialy, N. S.; Aboushoushah, S. F.; Sofi, B. F.; Noorwali, A. Multifunctional Curcumin-loaded Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles for Cancer Chemoprevention and Therapy. Microporous Mesoporous Mater. 2020, 291, 109540. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.micromeso.2019.06.002.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bertucci, A.; Kim, K.-H.; Kang, J.; Zuidema, J. M.; Lee, S. H.; Kwon, E. J.; Kim, D.; Howell, S. B.; Ricci, F.; Ruoslahti, E.; et al. Tumor-Targeting, MicroRNA-Silencing Porous Silicon Nanoparticles for Ovarian Cancer Therapy. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces. 2019, 11, 23926–23937. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.9b07980.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lee, J. Y.; Kim, M. K.; Nguyen, T. L.; Kim, J. Hollow Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles with Extra-Large Mesopores for Enhanced Cancer Vaccine. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces. 2020, 12, 34658–34666. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.0c09484.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li, S.; Zhang, Y.; He, X.-W.; Li, W.-Y.; Zhang, Y.-K. Multifunctional Mesoporous Silica Nanoplatform Based on Silicon Nanoparticles for Targeted Two-photon-excited Fluorescence Imaging-guided Chemo/photodynamic Synergetic Therapy in Vitro. Talanta. 2020, 209, 120552. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.talanta.2019.120552.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Feng, C.; Li, J.; Wu, G. S.; Mu, Y. Z.; Kong, M.; Jiang, C. Q.; Cheng, X. J.; Liu, Y.; Chen, X. G. Chitosan-coated Diatom Silica as Hemostatic Agent for Hemorrhage Control. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces. 2016, 8, 34234–34243. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.6b12317.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang, Y.; Fu, Y.; Li, J.; Mu, Y.; Zhang, X.; Zhang, K.; Liang, M.; Feng, C.; Chen, X. Multifunctional Chitosan/dopamine/diatom-biosilica Composite Beads for Rapid Blood Coagulation. Carbohydr. Polym. 2018, 200, 6–14. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbpol.2018.07.065.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li, J.; Han, J.; Sun, Q.; Wang, Y.; Mu, Y.; Zhang, K.; Dou, X.; Kong, M.; Chen, X.; Feng, C. Biosynthetic Calcium-doped Biosilica with Multiple Hemostatic Properties for Hemorrhage Control. J. Mater. Chem. B. 2018, 6, 7834–7841. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1039/C8TB00667A.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jeelani, P. G.; Mulay, P.; Venkat, R.; Ramalingam, C. Multifaceted Application of Silica Nanoparticles. A Review. Silicon. 2020, 12, 1337–1354. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12633-019-00229-y.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Manzano, M.; Vallet-Regí, M. Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles for Drug Delivery. Adv. Funct. Mater. 2020, 30, 1902634. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.201902634.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Abeer, M. M.; Rewatkar, P.; Qu, Z.; Talekar, M.; Kleitz, F.; Schmid, R.; Lindén, M.; Kumeria, T.; Popat, A. Silica Nanoparticles: A Promising Platform for Enhanced Oral Delivery of Macromolecules. J. Controlled Release. 2020, 326, 544–555. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jconrel.2020.07.021.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yamamoto, E.; Shimojima, A.; Wada, H.; Kuroda, K. Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles with Dispersibility in Organic Solvents and Their Versatile Surface Modification. Langmuir. 2020, 36, 5571–5578. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.langmuir.0c00729.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sha, X.; Dai, Y.; Song, X.; Liu, S.; Zhang, S.; Li, J. The Opportunities and Challenges of Silica Nanomaterial for Atherosclerosis. Int. J. Nanomed. 2021, 16, 701–714. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2147/IJN.S290537.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chandra, H.; Kumari, P.; Bontempi, E.; Yadav, S. Medicinal Plants: Treasure Trove for Green Synthesis of Metallic Nanoparticles and Their Biomedical Applications. Biocatal. Agric. Biotechnol. 2020, 24, 101518. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bcab.2020.101518.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Salem, S. S.; Fouda, A. Green Synthesis of Metallic Nanoparticles and Their ProspectiveBiotechnological Applications: An Overview. Biol. Trace Elem. Res. 2021, 199, 344–370.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar