Determining the Structure of Hexametaphosphate by Titration and ³¹P-NMR Spectroscopy

References

• Feldenheimer, W. Treatment of Clay. US1438588A, 1922.
   Google Scholar
• Hall, R. E. Water Softening and Washing. 1956515, 1934.
   Google Scholar
• Choi, I. K.; Wen, W. W.; Smith, R. W. The Effect of a Long Chain Phosphate on the Adsorption of Collectors on Kaolinite. Miner. Eng. 1993, 6(11), 1191–1197. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/0892-6875(93)90096-6.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rao, R. R.; Kannan, T. S. Dispersion and Slip Casting of Hydroxyapatite. J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 2001, 84(8), 1710–1716. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1151-2916.2001.tb00903.x.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li, Y.; Xia, W.; Pan, L.; Tian, F.; Peng, Y.; Xie, G.; Li, Y. Flotation of Low-rank Coal Using Sodium Oleate and Sodium Hexametaphosphate. J. Clean. Prod. 2020, 261, 121216. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.121216.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rasouli, M.; Abbasi, S.; Azarikia, F.; Ettelaie, R. On the Heat Stability of Whey Protein: Effect of Sodium Hexametaphosphate. Int. J. Dairy Technol. 2020, 73(1), 46–56. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/1471-0307.12626.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pandalaneni, K.; Amamcharla, J. K.; Marella, C.; Metzger, L. E. Influence of Milk Protein Concentrates with Modified Calcium Content on Enteral Dairy Beverage Formulations: Physicochemical Properties. J. Dairy Sci. 2018, 101(11), 9714–9724. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.2018-14781.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Walz, F. H.; Gibis, M.; Fritz, M.; Herrmann, K.; Hinrichs, J.; Weiss, J. Optimum Hexametaphosphate Concentration to Inhibit Efflorescence Formation in Dry Fermented Sausages. Meat Sci. 2018, 139, 35–43. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.meatsci.2018.01.008.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shirashoji, N.; Jaeggi, J. J.; Lucey, J. A. Effect of Sodium Hexametaphosphate Concentration and Cooking Time on the Physicochemical Properties of Pasteurized Process Cheese. J. Dairy Sci. 2010, 93(7), 2827–2837. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.2009-2960.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Van Dijk, J. W. E.; Borggreven, J. M. P. M.; Driessens, F. C. M. The Effect of Some Phosphates and a Phosphonate on the Electrochemical Properties of Bovine Enamel. Arch. Oral Biol. 1980, 25(8–9), 591–595. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/0003-9969(80)90072-2.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Da Camara, D. M.; Miyasaki, M. L.; Danelon, M.; Sassaki, K. T.; Delbem, A. C. B. Effect of Low-fluoride Toothpastes Combined with Hexametaphosphate on in Vitro Enamel Demineralization. J. Dent. 2014, 42(3), 256–262. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdent.2013.12.002.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gosselin, R. E.; Coghlan, E. R. The Stability of Complexes Between Calcium and Orthophosphate, Polymeric Phosphate, and Phytate. Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 1953, 45(2), 301–311. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/S0003-9861(53)80007-X.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Eisenstein, N.; Williams, R.; Cox, S.; Stapley, S.; Grover, L. Enzymatically Regulated Demineralisation of Pathological Bone using Sodium Hexametaphosphate. J. Mater. Chem. B. 2016, 4(21), 3815–3822. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1039/C6TB00461J.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hesaraki, S.; Zamanian, A.; Moztarzadeh, F. Effect of Adding Sodium Hexametaphosphate Liquefier on Basic Properties of Calcium Phosphate Cements. J. Biomed. Mater. Res. Part A. 2009, 88(2), 314–321. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1002/jbm.a.31836.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Duckworth, P. F.; Maddocks, S. E.; Rahatekar, S. S.; Barbour, M. E. Alginate films augmented with chlorhexidine hexametaphosphate particles provide sustained antimicrobial properties for application in wound care. J. Mater. Sci. Mater. Med. 2020, 31(3), 1–9. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1007/s10856-020-06370-0.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Barbour, M. E.; Maddocks, S. E.; Grady, H. J.; Roper, J. A.; Bass, M. D.; Collins, A. M.; Dommett, R. M.; Saunders, M. Chlorhexidine Hexametaphosphate as a Wound Care Material Coating: Antimicrobial Efficacy, Toxicity and Effect on Healing. Nanomedicine. 2016, 11(16), 2049–2057. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2217/nnm-2016-0084.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sang, Z.; Qian, J.; Han, J.; Deng, X.; Shen, J.; Li, G.; Xie, Y. Comparison of Three Water-soluble Polyphosphate Tripolyphosphate, Phytic Acid, and Sodium Hexametaphosphate as Crosslinking Agents in Chitosan Nanoparticle Formulation. Carbohydr. Polym. 2020, 230, 115577. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbpol.2019.115577.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Robinson, T. E.; Eisenstein, N. M.; Cox, S. C.; Moakes, R. J. A.; Thompson, A. M.; Ahmed, Z.; Hughes, E. A. B.; Hill, L. J.; Stapley, S. A.; Grover, L. M. Local Injection of a Hexametaphosphate Formulation Reduces Heterotopic Ossification in Vivo. Mater. Today Bio. 2020, 7, 100059. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mtbio.2020.100059.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Robinson, T. E.; Hughes, E. A. B.; Wiseman, O. J.; Stapley, S. A.; Cox, S. C.; Grover, L. M. Hexametaphosphate as a Potential Therapy for the Dissolution and Prevention of Kidney Stones. J. Mater. Chem. B. 2020, 8(24), 5215–5224. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1039/d0tb00343c.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhang, T.; Vandeperre, L. J.; Cheeseman, C. R. Formation of Magnesium Silicate Hydrate (M-S-H) Cement Pastes Using Sodium Hexametaphosphate. Cem. Concr. Res. 2014, 65, 8–14. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconres.2014.07.001.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Han, Y.; Liu, W.; Zhou, J.; Chen, J. Interactions between Kaolinite Al OH Surface and Sodium Hexametaphosphate. Appl. Surf. Sci. 2016, 387, 759–765. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsusc.2016.07.002.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fisher Scientific, Sodium Hexametaphosphate, Extra Pure, SLR, Powder, Mainly (Napo3)6, Fisher Chemical 500g, Plastic Powder Jar Sodium Hexametaphosphate, Extra Pure, SLR, Powder, Mainly (Napo3)6, Fisher Chemical. Fisher Scientific. https://www.fishersci.co.uk/shop/products/sodium-hexametaphosphate-extra-pure-slr-powder-mainly-napo3-6-2/10204640. (Accessed May 7, 2020).
   Google Scholar
• Sigma Aldrich, Sodium Hexametaphosphate 65-70% P2O5 Basis. https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/catalog/product/aldrich/71600?lang=en&region=GB. (Accessed Apr 24, 2020).
   Google Scholar
• Sigma Aldrich, Sodium Hexametaphosphate Crystalline, +200 Mesh, 96%. https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/catalog/product/aldrich/305553?lang=en&region=GB. (Accessed Apr 24, 2020).
   Google Scholar
• Van Wazer, J. R. V. Structure and Properties of the Condensed Phosphates. II. A Theory of the Molecular Structure of Sodium Phosphate Glasses 1. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1950, 72(2), 644–647. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01158a002.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Greenfield, S.; Clift, M. Analytical Chemistry of the Condensed Phosphates, First ed.; Oxford, Pergamon Press, 1975.
   Google Scholar
• Christ, J. J.; Willbold, S.; Blank, L. M. Methods for the Analysis of Polyphosphate in the Life Sciences. Anal. Chem. 2020, 92(6), 4167–4176. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.analchem.9b05144.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Callis, C. F.; Van Wazer, J. R.; Arvan, P. G. The Inorganic Phosphates as Polyelectrolytes. Chem. Rev. 1954, 54(5), 777–796. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1021/cr60171a002.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cini, N.; Ball, V. Polyphosphates as Inorganic Polyelectrolytes Interacting with Oppositely Charged Ions, Polymers and Deposited on Surfaces: Fundamentals and Applications. Adv. Colloid Interface Sci. 2014, 209, 84–97. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cis.2014.01.011.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rashchi, F.; Finch, J. A. Polyphosphates: A Review Their Chemistry and Application with Particular Reference to Mineral Processing. Miner. Eng. 2000, 13(10), 1019–1035. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0892-6875(00)00087-X.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Miyajima, T.; Onaka, T.; Ohashi, S.  Gel Chromatographic Study on the Interactions of Long-Chain Polyphosphate Anions with Magnesium Ions. Phosphorous Chem. 1981, 78, 377–380.
   Google Scholar
• Van Wazer, J. R.; Campanella, D. A. Structure and Properties of the Condensed Phosphates. IV. Complex Ion Formation in Polyphosphate Solutions. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1950, 72(2), 655–663. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01158a004.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Buckholtz, H. E. Production of Hexametaphosphates from Other Phosphates. US4997638A, 1990.
   Google Scholar
• Crowther, J.; Westman, A. E. R. The Hydrolysis of the Condensed Phosphates: Iii. Sodium Tetrametaphosphate and Sodium Tetraphosphate. Can. J. Chem. 1956, 34(7), 969–981. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1139/v56-129.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Watanabe, M.; Sato, S.; Saito, H. The Mechanism of the Hydrolysis of Condensed Phosphates. II. The Mechanism of the Degradation of Long-chain Polyphosphates. Bull. Chem. Soc. Jpn. 1975, 48(3), 896–898. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1246/bcsj.48.896.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar