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Andries Sternheim and the study of leisure in the early critical theory

Pages 197-212 | Published online: 18 Sep 2006

Notes and References

  • For an overview see van Houten B.C. Wetenschapsorganisatie en politieke ervaring — Studies over de vroege ‘Kritische Theorie’, I Theoretische Geschiedenis 1983 10 21 35 Beware of the danger of a perspectivist misrepresentation as the distance to the period in question becomes larger. Mythologization certainly arose around, for example, Horkheimer. This was confirmed by two pre-war members of the IfS, Kurt Mandelbaum (Kurt Martin) and Hans Mayer.
  • Görzen , René . 1980 . Arbeid-vriji tijd en de pedagogiek: met de kritische theorie versus de vrijetijdspedagogiek van Braun, Pedagogisch Tijdschrift , 5M : 507 – 507 . At the Max Horkheimer Archiv in Frankurt we also come across an unpublished radio address by Pollock on ‘Freizeit und Konsumzwang’ (Leisure and Consumerism), which he is believed to have given in 1958, the same year in which Habermas published his article on labour and leisure. Pollock had already shown interest in this issue during the summer term of 1932. Pollock gave a lecture on the problems of leisure among workers and civil servants as part of a series of lectures given by members of the IfS and the Psychoanalytical Institute, and attended by, among others, Mennicke, Mannheim and Elias.
  • November 1909 . Het Weekblad November , 26
  • Sternheim , A. 1922 . Het Socialisme in zijn nieuwste schaakeringen 92 – 92 . Amsterdam
  • Idem
  • Kluke , Paul . 1972 . Die Stiftungsuniverisität Frankfurt am Main 1914–1932 Frankfurt am Main
  • Löwenthal , Leo . 1980 . Mitmachen wollte ich nicht. Ein autobiographishes Gespräch mit Helmut Dubiel 67 – 67 . Frankfurt am Main Am Tage nach disen Reichstagwahlen haben wir eine entscheidende Besprechung gehabt, Felix Weil, Max Horkheimer, Fritz Pollock und ich. Die Idee einer Zweigstelle in Genf war von Horkheimer, aber die Sache selbst habenwir gemeinsam beschlossen und sofort in Angriff genommen. Pollockkannte in Genf Albert Thomas, den damaligen Direktor des ‘Internationalen Arbeitsamtes’, und sagte ihm, dass wir dort eine internationale Forschungsstelle einrichten wollten, und bat erfolgreich um seine moralische hilfe. Sachlich lag das natürlich sehr nahe, allein schon aus der Grünberg-Tradition des Frankfurter Instituts. Thomas, ein guter Sozalist, kannte und schätzte Grünberg. Wir haben dann einen holländischen Soziologen, Andries Sterheim, gefunden, der zunächst indieser Zweigstellen arbeitete und freundliche Beziehungen zum ‘Internationalen Arbeitsambt’ unterhielt. Dass die Genfer Zweigstelle eine Anfangstelle für unsere Emigration sein sollte, sollte nicht publik bekannt werden.11 The fact that Löwenthal calls Sternheim a socialist is true only with respect to the role which he gradually came to play within the IfS. When he joined the IfS he was not a sociologist, neither de facto nor de jure. There were considerable differences of opinion regarding his identity. Nahrstadt claimed he was German, Dutch contemporaries associated him with the International Labour Organization in Geneva, and the directors of the IfS presented him as a ‘Docteur en philosophie, économiste’ on the occasion of the establishment of the SIRES, the foundation which managed the IfS funds. Sternheim was the foundation's second deputy chairman, after Pollock and Horkheimer. In 1933, its members included Grünberg, Fromm, Barany, Cornelius, Löwenthal, Lorwin, Schachtel, De Saussure, Tillich and Löwe.
  • In Tätigkeit und Bestrebungen des IGB 1927/1930 Amsterdam 1930 the following publications are referred to: — Ratification of the 8-hour agreement. — Paid holidays for workers and employees; — The educational work of free trade unions. Sternheim no doubt assisted in compiling these reports.
  • Schaper , B.W. 1953 . Albert Thomas, dertig jaar sociaal reformisme 290 – 294 . Leiden
  • See for this interpretation Langewiesche Dieter Freitzeit und ‘massenbildung’. Zur ideologie und praxis der volksbildung in de Weimarer Republik Socialgeschichte der Freizeit Hick Gerhard 1980 223 247
  • Schaper . 1953 . Albert Thomas, dertig jaar sociaal reformisme 293 – 293 . Leiden
  • The Dutch contribution can be found in the report of the Labour Inspectorate, 1923. Other results have been published in reports of the International Labour Office and in the Revue International du Travail 1924
  • Méquet , G. 1936 . “ The programme of the International Committee on Workers' Spare Time ” . In ILO, Recreation and Education 130 – 130 . Geneva
  • 1979 . Die Zerstörung einer Zukunft. Gespräche mit emigrierten Sozialwissenschaftlern 122 – 122 . Hamburg
  • Méquet , G. 1934 . “ Possibilities of international action in regard to workers' spare time ” . In International Labour Review 582 – 582 .
  • Idem 583 – 583 .
  • Sternheim , A. 1938 . Leisure in the totalitarian state . Sociological Review , 30 : 29 – 29 .
  • Kluke . 1972 . Die Stiftungsuniverisität Frankfurt am Main 1914–1932 498 – 498 . Frankfurt am Main
  • 1924 . Frankfurter Universitätsreden 18 – 18 .
  • Koenis says this phase of ‘interdisciplinary materialism’ lasted from 1930 to 1937. From then on, there was a widening rift between philosophy and scientific research. Just as Alfred Schmidt had done, Korthals distinguished different phases in Horkheimer's ideas: from a positivistic Marxism to a politicised and radicalised Marxism during the rise of Fascism in the late 1930s, to a pessimistic Marxism during the war and a non-Marxist pesssimism during and after the Cold War, in: Horkheimer M. Marcuse H. Filosofie en kritische theorie 1981 Selection, introduction and comments by M. Korthals, Meppel
  • 1931 . Frankfurter Universitätsreden 11 – 11 .
  • Fromm , Erich . 1980 . Arbeiter und Angestellte am Vorabend des Dritten Reiches Stuttgart Eine sozialpsychologische Untersuchung. Edited and published by Wolgang Bonss
  • Sterheim , A. 1932 . Zum Problem der Freizeitgestaltung . Zeitschrift für Sozialforschung , 1 : 353 – 353 .
  • 1933 . Zeitschrift für Sozialforschung , 2 : 312 – 312 .
  • Letter written by Sternheim to Ter Veen on Archives of Mensch en Maatschappij 1932 December 11
  • Letter written by Sternheim to Ter Veen on Archives of Mensch en Maatschappij 1933 December 11
  • Letter written by Sternheim to Horkheimer on Max Horkheimer Archives 1937 February 23
  • Letter written by Sternheim to Horkheimer on Max Horkheimer Archives 1937 June 8
  • Aktennotiz betreffend Aufgabenkries Dr. Wiesengrund in europaïschen Institutsangelegenheiten, Max Horkheimer Archiv 3 3
  • Letter written by Horkheimer to Sternheim on Max Horkheimer Archives 1937 December 17
  • 1931 . Frankfurter Universitätsreden
  • Sternheim . 1932 . Zum Problem der Freizeitgestaltung . Zeitschrift für Sozialforschung , 1 : 354 – 354 .
  • Sternheim . 1932 . Zum Problem der Freizeitgestaltung . Zeitschrift für Sozialforschung , 1 : 354 – 354 .
  • Sterheim . 1932 . Zum Problem der Freizeitgestaltung . Zeitschrift für Sozialforschung , 1 : 354 – 354 .
  • Sterheim . 1932 . Zum Problem der Freizeitgestaltung . Zeitschrift für Sozialforschung , 1 : 354 – 354 .
  • Letter written by Sternheim to Horkheimer on Max Horkheimer Archives 1938 April 12

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