Women of protest, men of applause: political activism, gender and tradition in Kyrgyzstan

References

• Acosta, R. 2018. ‘Toma-la ciudad’: Intersubjective Activism in Guadalajara’s Streets and City Museum. Accessed 7 January 2019. https://anthrosource.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/jlca.12386.
   Google Scholar
• Alymkulova, A., J. Aitmatova, and A. Mamaraimov. 2012. “‘OBON Kak Zerkalo’: Razvitie Politicheskogo Aktivizma ili Ispol’zovanie Zhenskogo Resursa Dlya Tselei Grup Interesov v Kyrgyzstane. Tsentr Pomoshi Zhenshinam.” Accessed 18 January 2018. http://wsc.kg/kg/obon-kak-zerkalo-razvitiepolitiche/ (site no longer active).
   Google Scholar
• Attwood, L. 1999. Creating the New Soviet Woman. New York: St. Martens Press.
   Google Scholar
• Beyer, J. 2005. “Die Aksakal-Gerichte in Kirgistan. Historische Entwicklung und aktuelle Situation einer traditionellen Rechtsinstanz in Zentralasien [The Aksakal Courts in Kyrgyzstan. Historical Development and Current Situation of a Traditional Legal Institution in Central Asia].” In Rechtspluralismus in der islamischen Welt. Gewohnheitsrecht zwischen Staat und Gesellschaft, edited by M. Kemper, and M. Reinkowski, 342–358. Berlin: De Gruyter.
   Google Scholar
• Beyer, J. 2006. “Revitalisation, Invention and Continued Existence of the Kyrgyz Aksakal Courts: Listening to Pluralistic Accounts of History.” The Journal of Legal Pluralism and Unofficial Law 38 (53–54): 141–176.
   Google Scholar
• Beyer, J. 2010. “Authority as Accomplishment: Intergenerational Dynamics in Talas, Northern Kyrgyzstan.” In Eurasian Perspectives: In Search of Alternatives, edited by A. Sengupta and S. Chatterjee, 78–92. New Delhi: Shipra.
   Google Scholar
• Beyer, J. 2014a. “‘There Is This Law’ Performing the State in the Kyrgyz Courts of Elders.” In Ethnographies of the State in Central Asia: Performing Politics, edited by M. Reeves, J. Rasanayagam, and J. Beyer, 99–123. Bloomington: Indiana University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Beyer, J. 2014b. “Ordering Ideals: Accomplishing Well-Being in a Kyrgyz Cooperative of Elders.” In Negotiating Well-Being in Central Asia, edited by D. Montgomery, 10–25. Abingdon and New York: Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Beyer, J. 2015. “Customizations of Law: Courts of Elders (Aksakal Courts) in Rural and Urban Kyrgyzstan.” Political and Legal Anthropology Review 38 (1): 53–71. doi: 10.1111/plar.12086
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Beyer, J. 2016. The Force of Custom: Law and the Ordering of Everyday Life in Kyrgyzstan. Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh Press.
   Google Scholar
• Beyer, J., and F. Girke. 2015. “Practicing Harmony Ideology. Ethnographic Reflections on Community and Coercion.” Common Knowledge 21 (2): 196–235. doi: 10.1215/0961754X-2872343
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bichsel, C. 2009. Conflict Transformation in Central Asia. Irrigation Disputes in the Ferghana Valley. Abingdon, UK: Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Bridger, S. 1987. Women in the Soviet Countryside. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Brusina, O. 2005. “Die Transformation der Adat-Gerichte bei den Nomanden Turkestans in der zweiten Hälfte des 19. Jahrhunderts [Transformation of Adat-Courts among the Nomads of Turkestan in the Second Half of the 19th Century].” In Rechtspluralismus in der islamischen Welt: Gewohnheitsrecht zwischen Staat und Gesellschaft, edited by M. Kemper and M. Reinkowski, 227–253. Berlin: De Gruyter.
   Google Scholar
• Council of NGOs in Kyrgyzstan. 2014. “Alternative Report to the Fourth Periodic Report of the Kyrgyz Republic to the CEDAW Committee.” Accessed 28 December 2017. http://wsc.kg/en/alternative-report-kyrgyzstan-2015/) (site no longer active).
   Google Scholar
• Cummings, S., ed. 2010. Domestic and International Perspectives on Kyrgyzstan’s ‘Tulip Revolution’: Motives, Mobilizations and Meanings. London: Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Cummings, S., and M. Ryabkov. 2008. “Situating the ‘Tulip Revolution’.” Central Asian Survey 27 (3-4): 241–252. doi: 10.1080/02634930802535847
   Google Scholar
• Doolotkeldieva, A. 2015. “Peripheral Protests as an Opportunity: ‘Brokers’ in Action.” In Kyrgyzstan Beyond ‘Democracy Island’ and ‘Failing State’, edited by M. Laruelle and J. Engvall, 59–79. Lanham: Lexington Books.
   Google Scholar
• Edele, M. 2008. Soviet Veterans of the Second World War: A Popular Movement in an Authoritarian Society, 1941–1991. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Edgar, A. 2004. Tribal Nation: The Making of Soviet Turkmenistan. Princeton: Princeton, University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Engvall, J. 2015. “Why Are Public Offices Sold in Kyrgyzstan?” In Kyrgyzstan Beyond ‘Democracy Island’ and ‘Failing State’, edited by M. Laruelle and J. Engvall, 39–59. Lanham: Lexington Books.
   Google Scholar
• Erkebaeva, A. 2017. “Deputaty potrebovali nakazat’ khoziaiku sobaki v kalpake.” December 28. Accessed 10 March 2019. https://kloop.kg/blog/2017/12/28/deputaty-potrebovali-nakazat-hozyajku-sobaki-v-kalpake/.
   Google Scholar
• Gullette, D. 2010. The Genealogical Construction of the Kyrgyz Republic. Kinship, State and ‘Tribalism’. Kent: Global Oriental.
   Google Scholar
• Hardtmann, E.-M. 2017. South Asian Activists in the Global Justice Movement. New Delhi: Oxford University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Hasanov, R., S. Biybosunova, and S. Hasanova. 2009. “Assessing the Business Environment for Women’s Entrepreneurship Development in the Kyrgyz Republic.” Working Paper No. 3. International Labor Organization (ILO) Subregional Office for Eastern Europe and Central Asia. Accessed 10 March 2019. http://ilo.org/wcmsp5/groups/public/—europe/—ro-geneva/—sro-moscow/documents/publication/wcms_312485.pdf.
   Google Scholar
• Heathershaw, J., and A. Cooley. 2017. Dictators without Borders: Power and Money in Central Asia. New Haven: Yale University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Iskender, B. 2017. “Kak Reagirovat’ na Shou o Kelinkakh Esli Vas ot Nego Toshnit?” Accessed 10 March 2019. https://kloop.kg/blog/2017/02/07/bektur-iskender-kak-reagirovat-na-shou-o-kelinkah-esli-vas-ot-nego-toshnit/.
   Google Scholar
• Ismailbekova, A. 2016. “Constructing the Authority of Women through Custom: Bulak Village, Kyrgyzstan.” Nationalities Papers 44 (2): 266–280. doi: 10.1080/00905992.2015.1081381
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ismailbekova, A. 2017. Blood Ties and the Native Son: Poetics of Patronage in Kyrgyzstan. Bloomington: Indiana University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Kandiyoti, D. 1988. “Bargaining with Patriarchy.” Gender and Society 2 (3): 274–290.
   Google Scholar
• Kandiyoti, D. 2007. “The Politics of Gender and the Soviet Paradox: Neither Colonized, Nor Modern?” Central Asian Survey 26 (4): 601–623. doi: 10.1080/02634930802018521
   Google Scholar
• Kim, A., A. Osmonalieva, I. Sikorskaya, and B. Rasulov. 2012. “Rent-a-Mob Protests in Central Asia: In Kyrgyzstan and Uzbekistan, Police and Politicians Recruit Women as Professional Campaigners or Just as Troublemakers.” Accessed 10 March 2019. https://iwpr.net/global-voices/rent-mob-protests-central-asia.
   Google Scholar
• Knyazev, A. 2005. Gosudarstvenny Pereverot – 24 Marta 2005g. v. Kirgizii. Bishkek: Obshchestvenny Fond Aleksandra Knyazeva.
   Google Scholar
• Kocaoglu, T. 2009. “The Past as Prologue? Challenging the Myth of the Subordinate, Docile Woman in Muslim Central Eurasia.” In Gender Politics in Post-Communist Eurasia, edited by L. Racioppi and K. O’Sullivan, 169–208. East Lansing: Michigan State University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Kojobekova, A. 2014. “The Discourses of Romanticism and Heroism in the Post-Soviet Kyrgyzstan.” International Journal of Social Science and Humanity 4 (5): 397–404. doi: 10.7763/IJSSH.2014.V4.386
   Google Scholar
• Kutmanaliev, J. 2015. “Public and Communal Spaces and Their Relation to the Special Dynamics of Ethnic Riots: Violence and Non-Violence in the City of Osh.” International Journal of Sociology and Social Policy 35 (7/8): 449–477. doi: 10.1108/IJSSP-02-2015-0027
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Laruelle, M., and J. Engvall, eds. 2015. Kyrgyzstan beyond ‘Democracy Island’ and ‘Failing State’: Social and Political Changes in a Post-Soviet Society. Lanham: Lexington Books.
   Google Scholar
• Leipnik, O. 2016. “The Elderly as a Force for Urban Civil Activism in Ukraine.” In Urban Grassroots Movements in Central and Eastern Europe, edited by K. Jacobsson, 79–99. Farnham, Surrey: Ashgate.
   Google Scholar
• Megoran, N. 2017. Nationalism in Central Asia: A Biography of the Uzbekistan-Kyrgyzstan Boundary. Pittsburgh, PA: University of Pittsburgh Press.
   Google Scholar
• Meyer, J. W., and R. L. Jepperson. 2000. “The ‘Actors’ of Modern Society: The Cultural Construction of Social Agency.” Sociological Theory 18 (1): 100–120. doi: 10.1111/0735-2751.00090
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Niiazova, M. 2015. “Kyrk Choro. Raskachat’ Mezhnatsional’nuiu Lodku?” January 30. Accessed 10 March 2019. https://24.kg/obschestvo/6014_kyirk_choro_raskachat_mejnatsionalnuyu_lodku/.
   Google Scholar
• Pelkmans, M. 2005. “On Transition and Revolution in Kyrgyzstan.” Focaal: Journal of Global and Historical Anthropology 46: 147–157. doi: 10.3167/092012906780786843
   Google Scholar
• Reeves, M. 2014. Border Work. Spatial Lives of the State in Rural Central Asia. Ithaca and London: Cornell University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Satybaldieva, E. 2018. “A Mob for Hire? Unpacking Older Women’s Political Activism in Kyrgyzstan.” Central Asian Survey 37 (2): 247–264. doi: 10.1080/02634937.2018.1424114
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shabdanova, Asel’. 2012. “ ‘Tret’ Oproshennykh Priznali OBON Sposobnym Vliiat’ na Reshenie Sotsial’nykh Problem.” Vechernyi Bishkek, June 13. Accessed 10 March 2019. https://www.vb.kg/doc/191673_tret_oproshennyh_priznali_obon_sposobnym_vliiat_na_reshenie_socialnyh_problem.html.
   Google Scholar
• Shishkin, P. 2013. Restless Valley: Revolution, Murder, and Intrigue in the Heart of Central Asia. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Spector, R. 2017. Order at the Bazaar: Power and Trade in Central Asia. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Suyarkulova, M. 2016. “Fashioning the Nation: Gender and Politics of Dress in Contemporary Kyrgyzstan.” Nationalities Papers 44 (2): 247–265. doi: 10.1080/00905992.2016.1145200
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Szymanek, M. 2012. “OBON: Rent-A-Mob Groups in the Volatile Kyrgyzstani Reality.” December 6. Accessed 10 March 2019. http://neweasterneurope.eu/2012/12/06/obon-rent-a-mob-groups-in-the-volatile-kyrgyzstani-reality-2/.
   Google Scholar
• Temirkulov, A. 2010. “Informal Actors and Institutions in Mobilization: The Periphery in the ‘Tulip Revolution’.” In Domestic and International Perspectives on Kyrgyzstan’s ‘Tulip Revolution: Motives, Mobilizations and Meanings’, edited by S. Cummings, 93–110. London: Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• UNDP Regional Human Development Report. 2016. “Case Study on Combating Gender Inequality on Political Participation in Kyrgyzstan.” Accessed 10 March 2019. http://www.kg.undp.org/content/dam/kyrgyzstan/Publications/gender/Case%20study_Eng10Oct2016.pdf.
   Google Scholar
• Yurchak, A. 2006. Everything Was Forever Until It Was No More. The Last Soviet Generation. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
   Google Scholar