Notes
- Roy , Olivier . 1986 . Islam and Resistance in Afghanistan , Cambridge : Cambridge University Press .
- Giddens , Anthony . 1987 . The Nation‐State and Violence: Volume Two of a Contemporary Critique of Historical Materialism , Berkeley : University of California Press .
- Dupree , Louis . 1980 . Afghanistan , Princeton : Princeton University Press .
- 1972 . An Account of the Kingdom of Caubul , 332 Karachi : Oxford University Press .
- Sawitzki , Henning . 1972 . [Die Elitegruppe der Akademiker in einem Entwicklungsland Dargestellt am Beispiel Afghanistans , Afghanische Studien, No. 5 75 Meisenheim : Anton Hain .
- Gellner , Ernest . 1981 . “Flux and Reflux in the Faith of Men” . In Muslim Society , Cambridge Studies in Social Anthropology, No. 32 1 – 85 . Cambridge : Cambridge University Press .
- Kakar , Hasan Kawun . 1981 . Government and Society in Afghanistan: The Reign of Amir Abd al‐Rahman Khan , 16 Austin : University of Texas Press .
- Kakar , Hasan Kawun . 1972 . Afghanistan: A Study in Internal Political Developments, 1880–1896 , Lahore : Punjab Educational Press .
- Rudolph , Lloyd I. , Rudolph , Susanne Hoeber and Singh , Mohan . 1975 . “A Bureaucratic Lineage in Princely India: Elite Formation and Conflict in a Patrimonial System” . Journal of Asian Studies , 34 May : 717 – 753 .
- Kakar , H. K. Government and Society in Afghanistan 19 – 20 .
- Roy , Olivier . 1986 . “Le double code afghan: marxisme et tribalisme” . Révue française de science politique , December : 846 – 861 .
- Ghani , Ashraf . “Conjunctures of State, Economy and Ideology in Afghanistan, 1950–1978” . paper presented at the Conference on Social Movements in the Contemporary Near and Middle East . pp. 24 n.d.
- Centlivres , Pierre . 1972 . Bazaar d'Asie Centrale, forme et organisation du bazar de Tashkurqhan (Afghanistan) , 60 – 61 . Weisbaden : Reichert .
- Majrooh , Sayd Bahauddin . 1988 . “Past and Present Education in Afghanistan—a Problem for the Future” . In The Tragedy of Afghanistan: The Social, Cultural, and Political Impact of the Soviet Invasion , Edited by: Huldt , Bo and Jansson , Erland . 75 – 92 . London : Croom Helm .
- Kakar , H.K. Government and Society in Afghanistan 163 op. cit.
- Gregorian , Vartan . 1968 . Emergence of Modern Afghanistan: Politics of Reform and Modernization 1880–1946 , 155 Stanford : Stanford University Press .
- Kakar , H.K. Government and Society in Afghanistan 20 op. cit
- Arnold , Anthony . 1983 . Afghanistan's Two‐Party Communism: Parcham and Khalq , Stanford : Hoover Institution .
- Weinbaum , Marvin G. 1980 . “Legal Elites in Afghan Society” . International journal of Middle East Studies , 12 : 48
- Eberhard , Wolfram . 1962 . “Afghanistan's Young Elite” . Asian Survey , February : 10
- Etienne , Gilbert . 1972 . L'Afghanistan, ou les aléas de la coopération , 37 Paris : PUF .
- Bradsher , Henry S. 1983 . Afghanistan and the Soviet Union , 29 Durham : Duke University Press .
- Kakar , Hasan . 1978 . “The Fall of the Afghan Monarchy in 1973” . International Journal of Middle East Studies , 9 : 212
- Shahrani , M. Nazif . 1984 . “Causes and Context of Responses to the Saur Revolution in Badakhshan” . In Revolutions and Rebellions in Afghanistan: Anthropological Perspectives , Edited by: Shahrani , M. Nazif and Canfield , Robert L. 139 – 169 . Berkeley : Institute for International Studies .
- Adamec , Ludwig . 1987 . A Biographical Dictionary of Afghanistan , Graz : Akademische Druck .
- All views expressed herein are those of the author, not those of the United States Institute of Peace.