Draw-A-Science-Comic: exploring children’s conceptions by drawing a comic about science

References

• Archer, L., J. DeWitt, J. Osborne, J. Dillon, B. Willis, and B. Wong. 2013. “‘Not Girly, Not Sexy, Not Glamorous’: Primary School Girls’ and Parents’ Constructions of Science Aspirations.” Pedagogy, Culture and Society 21 (1): 171–194. doi:10.1080/14681366.2012.748676.
   Google Scholar
• Arthur, A. E., R. S. Bigler, L. S. Liben, S. A. Gelman, and D. N. Ruble. 2008. “Gender Stereotyping and Prejudice in Young Children: A Developmental Intergroup Perspective.” In Intergroup Attitudes and Relations in Childhood through Adulthood., edited by S. R. Levy and M. Killen, 66–86. New York, NY: Oxford University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Aschbacher, P. R., E. Li, and E. J. Roth. 2010. “Is Science Me? High School Students’ Identities, Participation and Aspirations in Science, Engineering, and Medicine.” Journal of Research in Science Teaching 47 (5): 564–582. doi:10.1002/tea.20353.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ball, M., and G. Smith. 1992. “Analyzing Visual Data.” Thousand Oaks, California. doi:10.4135/9781412983402.
   Google Scholar
• Bayri, N., M. S. Koksal, and P. Ertekin. 2016. “Investigating Gifted Middle School Students’ Images about Scientists: A Cultural Similarity Perspective.” Science Education International 27 (1): 136–150.
   Google Scholar
• Britner, S. L. 2008. “Motivation in High School Science Students: A Comparison of Gender Differences in Life, Physical, and Earth Science Classes.” Journal of Research in Science Teaching 45 (8): 955–970. doi:10.1002/tea.20249.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brown, G. T. L., and Z. Wang. 2013. “Illustrating Assessment: How Hong Kong University Students Conceive of the Purposes of Assessment.” Studies in Higher Education 38 (7): 1037–1057. doi:10.1080/03075079.2011.616955.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cabe Trundle, K., R. K. Atwood, J. E. Christopher, and M. Sackes. 2010. “The Effect of Guided Inquiry-Based Instruction on Middle School Students’ Understanding of Lunar Concepts.” Research in Science Education 40 (3): 451–478. doi:10.1007/s11165-009-9129-x.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cakmakci, G., O. Tosun, S. Turgut, S. Orenler, K. Sengul, and G. Top. 2011. “Promoting an Inclusive Image of Scientists among Students: Towards Research Evidence-Based Practice.” International Journal of Science and Mathematics Education 9 (3): 627–655. doi:10.1007/s10763-010-9217-4.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Calabrese Barton, A., H. Kang, E. Tan, T. B. O’Neill, J. Bautista-Guerra, and C. Brecklin. 2013. “Crafting a Future in Science: Tracing Middle School Girls’ Identity Work over Time and Space.” American Educational Research Journal 50 (1): 37–75. doi:10.3102/0002831212458142.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Campbell, T., C. Schwarz, and M. Windschitl. 2016. “What We Call Misconceptions May Be Necessary Stepping-Stones toward Making Sense of the World.” Science and Children 53 (7): 28–33.
   Google Scholar
• Chambers, D. W. 1983. “Stereotypic Images of the Scientist: The Draw-a-Scientist Test.” Science Education 67 (2): 255–265. doi:10.1002/sce.3730670213.
   Google Scholar
• Chang, H. Y., T. J. Lin, M. H. Lee, S. W. Y. Lee, T. C. Lin, A. L. Tan, and C. C. Tsai. 2020. “A Systematic Review of Trends and Findings in Research Employing Drawing Assessment in Science Education.” Studies in Science Education 56 (1): Routledge: 77–110. doi:10.1080/03057267.2020.1735822.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Christidou, V. 2011. “Interest, Attitudes And Images Related To Science: Combining Students ’ Voices with the Voices of School Science, Teachers, and Popular Science.” International Journal of Environmental Science Education 6 (2): 141–159.
   Google Scholar
• Christidou, V., F. Bonoti, and A. Kontopoulou. 2016. “American and Greek Children’s Visual Images of Scientists: Enduring or Fading Stereotypes?” Science and Education 25 (5–6): Springer Netherlands: 497–522. doi:10.1007/s11191-016-9832-8.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cvencek, D., and A. N. Meltzoff. 2015. “Developing Implicit Social Cognition in Early Childhood: Methods, Phenomena, Prospects.” In The Routledge International Handbook of Young Children’s Thinking and Understanding, edited by S. Flannery Quinn and S. Robson, 43–53. Abingdon, England: Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• DeWitt, J., and L. Archer. 2015. “Who Aspires to A Science Career? A Comparison of Survey Responses from Primary and Secondary School Students.” International Journal of Science Education 37 (13): Taylor & Francis: 2170–92. doi:10.1080/09500693.2015.1071899.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dikmenli, M. 2010. “Misconceptions of Cell Division Held by Student Teachers in Biology: A Drawing Analysis.” Scientific Research and Essays 5 (2): 235–247. doi:10.1073/pnas.1306508110.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dimopoulos, K., and Z. Smyrnaiou. 2005. “Factors Related to Students’ Interest in Science Learning.” In Science Education at Cross Roads: Meeting the Challenges of the 21st Century, edited by D. Koliopoulos and A. Vavouraki, 135–142. Athens: Association for Science Education.
   Google Scholar
• Dove, J. E., L. A. Everett, and P. F. W. Preece. 1999. “Exploring a Hydrological Concept through Children’s Drawings.” International Journal of Science Education 21 (5): 485–497. doi:10.1080/095006999290534.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Duit, R., H. Gropengießer, U. Kattmann, M. Komorek, and I. Parchmann. 2012. “The Model of Educational Reconstruction – A Framework for Improving Teaching and Learning Science.” In Science Education Research and Practice in Europe: Retrospective and Prospective, edited by D. Jorde and J. Dillon, 13–37. Rotterdam: SensePublishers. doi:10.1007/978-94-6091-900-8_2.
   Google Scholar
• Ehrlen, K. 2009. “Drawings as Representations of Children’s Conceptions.” International Journal of Science Education 31 (1): 41–57. doi:10.1080/09500690701630455.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Einarsdóttir, J. 2007. “Research with Children: Methodological and Ethical Challenges.” European Early Childhood Education Research Journal 15 (2): 197–211. doi:10.1080/13502930701321477.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Einarsdottir, J., S. Dockett, and B. Perry. 2009. “Making Meaning: Children’s Perspectives Expressed through Drawings.” Early Child Development and Care 179 (2): 217–232. doi:10.1080/03004430802666999.
   Google Scholar
• Eisner, W. 2008. Graphic Storytelling and Visual Narrative. Will Eisner Instructional Books. New York: W. W. Norton & Company.
   Google Scholar
• Emvalotis, A., and A. Koutsianou. 2018. “Greek Primary School Students’ Images of Scientists and Their Work: Has Anything Changed?” Research in Science and Technological Education 36 (1): Routledge: 69–85. doi:10.1080/02635143.2017.1366899.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Erduran, S., and E. Kaya. 2018. “Drawing Nature of Science in Pre-Service Science Teacher Education: Epistemic Insight through Visual Representations.” Research in Science Education 48 (6): Research in Science Education: 1133–49. doi:10.1007/s11165-018-9773-0.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Farland-Smith, D. 2012. “Development and Field Test of the Modified Draw-a-Scientist Test and the Draw-a-Scientist Rubric.” School Science and Mathematics 112 (2): 109–116. doi:10.1111/j.1949-8594.2011.00124.x.
   Google Scholar
• Farland-Smith, D., K. Finson, W. J. Boone, and M. Yale. 2012. “An Investigation of Media Influences on Elementary Students’ Representations of Scientists.” Journal of Science Teacher Education 25 (3): 36–40. doi:10.1007/s10972-012-9322-z.
   Google Scholar
• Finson, K., and J. Pederson. 2011. “What are Visual Data and What Utility Do They Have in Science Education?” Journal of Visual Literacy 30 (1): Routledge: 66–85. doi:10.1080/23796529.2011.11674685.
   Google Scholar
• Finson, K. D. 2002. “Drawing a Scientist: What We Do and Do Not Know after Fifty Years of Drawings.” School Science and Mathematics 102 (7): 335–345. doi:10.1111/j.1949-8594.2002.tb18217.x.
   Google Scholar
• Finson, K. D., J. B. Beaver, and B. L. Cramond. 1995. “Development and Field Test of a Checklist for the Draw-a-Scientist Test.” School Science and Mathematics 95 (4): 195–205. doi:10.1111/j.1949-8594.1995.tb15762.x.
   Google Scholar
• Fung, Y. Y. H. 2002. “A Comparative Study of Primary and Secondary School Students‘ Images of Scientists.” Research in Science & Technological Education 20 (2): 199–213. doi:10.1080/0263514022000030453.
   Google Scholar
• Galdi, S., M. Cadinu, and C. Tomasetto. 2014. “The Roots of Stereotype Threat: When Automatic Associations Disrupt Girls‘ Math Performance.” Child Development 85 (1): 250–263. doi:10.1111/cdev.12128.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hansen, A. K., H. A. Dwyer, A. Iveland, M. Talesfore, L. Wright, D. B. Harlow, and D. Franklin. 2017. “Assessing Children’s Understanding of the Work of Computer Scientists.” In Proceedings of the 2017 ACM SIGCSE Technical Symposium on Computer Science Education - SIGCSE ’17, 279–284. New York, NY: ACM Press. doi:10.1145/3017680.3017769.
   Google Scholar
• Hillman, S. J., K. H. Bloodsworth, C. E. Tilburg, S. I. Zeeman, and H. E. List. 2014. “K-12 Students’ Perceptions of Scientists: Finding a Valid Measurement and Exploring whether Exposure to Scientists Makes an Impact.” International Journal of Science Education 36 (15): 2580–95. Taylor & Francis. doi:10.1080/09500693.2014.908264.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hsieh, W. M., and C. C. Tsai. 2017. “Exploring Students’ Conceptions of Science Learning via Drawing: A Cross-Sectional Analysis.” International Journal of Science Education 39 (3): 274–98. Taylor & Francis. doi:10.1080/09500693.2017.1280640.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hsieh, W.-M., and C.-C. Tsai. 2018. “Learning Illustrated: An Exploratory Cross-Sectional Drawing Analysis of Students’ Conceptions of Learning.” The Journal of Educational Research 111 (2): Taylor & Francis: 139–50. doi:10.1080/00220671.2016.1220357.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jenkins, E. W., and N. W. Nelson. 2005. “Important but Not for Me: Students’ Attitudes Towards Secondary School Science in England.” Research in Science & Technological Education 23 (1): 41–57. doi:10.1080/02635140500068435.
   Google Scholar
• Johnson, R. B., and A. J. Onwuegbuzie. 2011. “Mixed Methods Research: A Research Paradigm Whose Time Has Come.” Educational Researcher 33 (7): 14–26. doi:10.3102/0013189X033007014.
   Google Scholar
• Kärnä, P., R. Hakonen, and J. Kuusela. 2012. Luonnontieteellinen Osaaminen Perusopetuksen 9. Luokalla 2011 [Natural Science Know-How in Finnish Basic Education, 9th Grade, 2011]. Tampere:Finnish National Agency for Education.
   Google Scholar
• Krapp, A., and M. Prenzel. 2011. “Research on Interest in Science: Theories, Methods, and Findings.” International Journal of Science Education 33 (1): 27–50. doi:10.1080/09500693.2010.518645.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kress, G. R. 2010. Multimodality: A Social Semiotic Approach to Contemporary Communication. New York: Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Kuttner, P. J., N. Sousanis, and M. B. Weaver-Hightower. 2017. “How to Draw Comics the Scholarly Way.” In Handbook of Arts-Based Research, edited by P. Leavy, 396–422, London: Guilford Publications.
   Google Scholar
• Lamminpää, J., and V.-M. Vesterinen. 2018. “The Use of Humour during a Collaborative Inquiry.” International Journal of Science Education 40 (14): 1718–1735. Taylor & Francis. doi10.1080/09500693.2018.1508926.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lederman, J. S., N. G. Lederman, S. A. Bartos, S. L. Bartels, A. A. Meyer, and R. S. Schwartz. 2014. “Meaningful Assessment of Learners’ Understandings about Scientific Inquiry - the Views about Scientific Inquiry (VASI) Questionnaire.” Journal of Research in Science Teaching 51 (1): 65–83. doi:10.1002/tea.21125.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lee, T. R. 2010. “Young Children’s Conceptions of Science and Scientists.” PhD diss., University of Washington. https://search.proquest.com/docview/756262370.
   Google Scholar
• Losh, S. C., R. Wilke, and M. Pop. 2008. “Some Methodological Issues with ‘Draw a Scientist Tests’ among Young Children.” International Journal of Science Education 30 (6): 773–792. doi:10.1080/09500690701250452.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Losh, S. C. 2010. “Stereotypes about Scientists over Time among US Adults: 1983 and 2001.” Public Understanding of Science 19 (3): 372–382. doi:10.1177/0963662508098576.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Maltese, A. V., and R. H. Tai. 2011. “Pipeline Persistence: Examining the Association of Educational Experiences with Earned Degrees in STEM among U.S. Students.” Science Education 95 (5): 877–907. doi:10.1002/sce.20441.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Maoldomhnaigh, M., and Á. Hunt. 1988. “Some Factors Affecting the Image of the Scientist Drawn by Older Primary School Pupils.” Research in Science & Technological Education 6 (2): 159–166. doi:10.1080/0263514880060206.
   Google Scholar
• McCarthy, D. 2015. “Teacher Candidates’ Perceptions of Scientists: Images and Attributes.” Educational Review 67 (4): Routledge: 389–413. doi:10.1080/00131911.2014.974510.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McCloud, S. 1994. Understanding Comics: The Invisible Art. New York: HarperPerennial.
   Google Scholar
• McCusker, K., and S. Gunaydin. 2015. “Research Using Qualitative, Quantitative or Mixed Methods and Choice Based on the Research.” Perfusion (United Kingdom) 30 (7): 537–542. doi:10.1177/0267659114559116.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mehlmann, M. 2018. “Looking the Monster in the Eye: Drawing Comics for Sustainability.” In EarthEd - Rethinking Education on a Changing Planet, edited by E. Assadourian and L. Mastny, 117–128. Washington, DC: IslandPress.
   Google Scholar
• Meyer, C., L. Guenther, and M. Joubert. 2019. “The Draw-a-Scientist Test in an African Context: Comparing Students’ (Stereotypical) Images of Scientists across University Faculties.” Research in Science & Technological Education 37 (1): Routledge: 1–14. doi:10.1080/02635143.2018.1447455.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Miele, E. 2014. “Using the Draw-a-Scientist Test for Inquiry and Evaluation.” Journal of College Science Teaching 43 (4): 36–40. doi:10.2505/4/jcst14_043_04_36.
   Google Scholar
• Miller, D. I., K. M. Nolla, A. H. Eagly, and D. H. Uttal. 2018. “The Development of Children’s Gender-Science Stereotypes: A Meta-Analysis of 5 Decades of U.S. Draw-A-Scientist Studies.” Child Development: 1–13. doi:10.1111/cdev.13039.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mitchell, C., L. Theron, J. Stuart, A. Smith, and Z. Campbell. 2011. “Drawings as a Research Method.” In Picturing Research: Drawing as Visual Methodology, edited by L. Theron, C. Mitchell, A. Smith, and J. Stuart, 19–36. Rotterdam: SensePublishers. doi:10.1007/s13398-014-0173-7.2.
   Google Scholar
• National Science Board. 2002. Science and Engineering Indicators 2002. Vol. 1. Arlington, VA: National Science Foundation.
   Google Scholar
• Oktay, O., and K. Eryurt. 2012. “How High School Students Represent the Image of Scientists in Their Minds.” Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences 46: 2482–2486. doi:10.1016/j.sbspro.2012.05.507.
   Google Scholar
• Pratt, H. J. 2009. “Narrative in Comics.” The Journal of Aesthetics and Art Criticism 67 (1): 107–117. doi:10.1111/j.1540-6245.2008.01339.x.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Prosser, J., and C. Burke. 2008. “Image-Based Educational Research: Childlike Perspectives.” In Handbook of the Arts in Qualitative Research: Perspectives, Methodologies, Examples, and Issues, edited by J. G. Knowles and A. L. Cole, 1st ed., Vol. 4, 407–420. Thousands Oaks, CA: SAGE Publications. doi:10.4135/9781452226545
   Google Scholar
• Rahm, J., and P. Charbonneau. 1997. “Probing Stereotypes through Students’ Drawings of Scientists.” American Journal of Physics 65 (8): American Association of Physics Teachers: 774–78. doi:10.1119/1.18647.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Reinisch, B., M. Krell, S. Hergert, S. Gogolin, and D. Krüger. 2017. “Methodical Challenges Concerning the Draw-A-Scientist Test: A Critical View about the Assessment and Evaluation of Learners’ Conceptions of Scientists.” International Journal of Science Education 39 (14): Taylor & Francis: 1952–75. doi:10.1080/09500693.2017.1362712.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schibeci, R. 2006. “Student Images of Scientists: What are They? Do They Matter?” Teaching Science 52 (2): 12–16.
   Google Scholar
• Selwyn, N., D. Boraschi, and S. M. Özkula. 2009. “Drawing Digital Pictures: An Investigation of Primary Pupils’ Representations of ICT and Schools.” British Educational Research Journal 35 (6): 909–928. doi:10.1080/01411920902834282.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Spiegel, A. N., J. McQuillan, P. Halpin, C. Matuk, and J. Diamond. 2013. “Engaging Teenagers with Science through Comics.” Research in Science Education 43 (6): 2309–2326. doi:10.1007/s11165-013-9358-x.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Symington, D., and H. Spurling. 1990. “The ‘Draw a Scientist Test’: Interpreting the Data.” Research in Science & Technological Education 8 (1): Routledge: 75–77. doi:10.1080/0263514900080107.
   Google Scholar
• Tan, A. L., J. A. Jocz, and J. Zhai. 2017. “Spiderman and Science: How Students’ Perceptions of Scientists are Shaped by Popular Media.” Public Understanding of Science 26 (5): 520–530. doi:10.1177/0963662515615086.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tatalovic, M. 2009. “Science Comics as Tools for Science Education and Communication: A Brief, Exploratory Study.” Journal of Science Communication 8 (4): 4. doi:10.22323/2.08040202.
   Google Scholar
• Toma, R. B., I. M. Greca, and M. L. O. Gómez. 2018. “Una Revisión Del Protocolo Draw-a-Scientist-Test (DAST) [A Review of the Draw-a-Scientist-Test (DAST) Protocol].” Revista Eureka Sobre Enseñanza y Divulgación de Las Ciencias 15 (3): 1–19. doi:10.25267/Rev_Eureka_ensen_divulg_cienc.2018.v15.i3.3104.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tulis, M., and S. M. Fulmer. 2013. “Students’ Motivational and Emotional Experiences and Their Relationship to Persistence during Academic Challenge in Mathematics and Reading.” Learning and Individual Differences 27: Elsevier Inc.: 35–46. doi:10.1016/j.lindif.2013.06.003.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Türkmen, H. 2008. “Turkish Primary Students’ Perceptions about Scientist and What Factors Affecting the Image of the Scientists.” Eurasia Journal of Mathematics, Science and Technology Education 4 (1): 55–61. doi:10.12973/ejmste/75306.
   Google Scholar
• van der Veen, J. 2017. “Draw Your Physics Homework?: Art as a Path to Understanding and Assessment in Undergraduate Science Education.” Drawing for Science Education: An International Perspective 49 (2): 11–29. doi:10.1007/978-94-6300-875-4_2.
   Google Scholar
• Veermans, M., and S. Järvelä. 2004. “Generalized Achievement Goals and Situational Coping in Inquiry Learning.” Instructional Science 32 (4): 269–291. doi:10.1023/B:TRUC.0000026465.74406.47.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Walls, L. 2012. “Third Grade African American Students’ Views of the Nature of Science.” Journal of Research in Science Teaching 49 (1): 1–37. doi:10.1002/tea.20450.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Weingart, P. 2008. “The Ambivalence Towards New Knowledge: Science in Fiction Film.” In Science Images and Popular Images of the Sciences, edited by B. Hüppauf and P. Weingard, 267–282. 1st ed. New York: Routledge.
   Google Scholar