Oxygen uptake kinetics in children and adults after the onset of moderate-intensity exercise

REFERENCES

• Armon, Y., Cooper, D.M., Flores,, R, Zanconato, S. and Barstow, T.J. (1991). Oxygen uptake dynamics during high-intensity exercise in children and adults. Journal of Applied Physiology, 70,841-848.
   Google Scholar
• Armstrong, N. (1998). Young people's physical activity patterns as assessed by heart rate monitoring. Journal of Sports Sciences, 16, S9-S16.
   Google Scholar
• Armstrong, N., Welsman, J.R., Nevill, A.M. and Kirby, B.J. (1999). Modelling growth and maturation changes in peak oxygen uptake in 11-13 yr olds. Journal of Applied Physiology, 87,2230-2236.
   Google Scholar
• Armstrong, N., Welsman, J.R. and Kirby, B.J. (2000). Longitudinal changes in 11-13-year-olds' physical activity. Acta Paediatrica, 89,775-780.
   Google Scholar
• Babcock, M.A Paterson, D.H.,, Cunningham, D.A. and Dickinson, J.R. (1994). Exercise on-transient gas exchange kinetics are slowed as a function of age. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 26,440-446.
   Google Scholar
• Bassett, D.R. and Howley, E.T. (2000). Limiting factors for maximum oxygen uptake and determinants of endurance performance. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 32, 70-84.
   Google Scholar
• Beaver, W.L., Wasserman, K. and Whipp, B.J. (1973). On-line computer analysis and breath-by-breath graphical display of exercise function tests. Journal of Applied Physiology, 34, 123-132.
   Google Scholar
• Bell, R.D., MacDougall, J.D., Billeter, R. and Howald, H. (1980). Muscle fibre types and morphometric analysis of skeletal muscle in six-year-old children. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 12,28-31.
   Google Scholar
• Casaburi, R., Barstow, T.J., Robinson, T. and Wasserman, K. (1989). Influence of work rate on ventilatory and gas exchange kinetics. Journal of Applied Physiology, 67,547-555.
   Google Scholar
• Chilibeck, P.D., Paterson, D.H., Smith, W.D.F. and Cunningham, DA. (1996). Cardiorespiratory kinetics during exercises of diffeent muscle groups and mass in old and young. Journal of Applied Physiology, 81,1388-1394.
   Google Scholar
• Cooper, D.M., Weiler-Ravell, D., Whipp, B.J. and Wasserman, K. (1984). Aerobic parameters of exercise as a function of body size during growth in children. Journal of Applied Physiology, 56, 628-634.
   Google Scholar
• Cooper, D.M., Berry, C., Lamarra, N. and Wasserman, K. (1985). Kinetics of oxygen uptake and heart rate at onset of exercise in children. Journal of Applied Physiology, 59, 211-217.
   Google Scholar
• Cureton, K., Bishop, P., Hutchinson, P., Newland, H., Vickery, S. and Zwiren, L. (1986). Sex differences in maximal oxygen uptake: effect of equating haemoglobin concentration. European Journal of Applied Physiology, 54, 656-660.
   Google Scholar
• Dallman, PR and Siimes, M.A. (1979). Percentile curves for haemoglobin and red cell volume in infancy and childhood. Journal of Pediatrics, 94,26-31.
   Google Scholar
• Dudley, G.A., Tullson, P.C. and Terjung, R.L. (1987). Influence of mitochondria! content on the sensitivity of respiratory control. Journal of Biological Chemistry, 262, 9109-9114.
   Google Scholar
• Eriksson, B.O. (1972). Physical training, oxygen supply and muscle metabolism in 11-13 year old boys. Acta Pkysiologica Scandinavica, 384 (suppl.), 1-48.
   Google Scholar
• Eriksson, B.O. and Saltin, B. (1974). Muscle metabolism during exercise in boys aged 11-16 years compared to adults. Acta Paediatrica Belgica, 28 (suppl.), 257-265.
   Google Scholar
• Grassi, B. (2000). Skeletal muscle VO2 on-kinetics: set by O2 delivery or by O2 utilization? New insights into an old issue. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 32, 108-116.
   Google Scholar
• Hagberg, J.M., Hickson, RC., Ehsani, A.A. and Holloszy, J.O. (1980). Faster adjustment to and recovery from submaximal exercise in the trained state. Journal of Applied Physiology, 48,218-224.
   Google Scholar
• Hamar, D., Tkac, M., Komadesl, L. and Kuthanová, O. (1991). Oxygen uptake kinetics at various intensities of exercise on the treadmill in young athletes. In Children and Exercise: Paediatric Work Physiology V (edited by R. Frenkl and I. Szmodis), pp. 187-201. Budapest: National Institute for Health Promotion.
   Google Scholar
• Haralambie, G. (1982). Enzyme activities in skeletal muscle of 13-15 years old adolescents. Bulletin Européen Physiopathologie Respiratoire, 18,65-74.
   Google Scholar
• Hebestreit, H., Kreimler, S., Hughson, R.L. and Bar-Or, O. (1998). Kinetics of oxygen uptake at the onset of exercise in boys and men. Journal of Applied Physiology, 85, 1833-1841.
   Google Scholar
• Hickson, R.C., Bomze,H.A. and Holloszy, J.O. (1978).Faster adjustment of O2 uptake to the energy requirement of exercise in the trained state. Journal of Applied Physiology, 44, 877-881.
   Google Scholar
• Holloszy, J.O. and Coyle, E.F. (1984). Adaptations of skeletal muscle to endurance exercise and their metabolic consequences. Journal of Applied Physiology, 56,831-838.
   Google Scholar
• Hughson, R.L., Tschakovsky, M.E. and Houston, M.E. (2001). Regulation of oxygen consumption at the onset of exercise. Exercise and Sports Science Reviews, 29, 129-133.
   Google Scholar
• Lamarra, N., Whipp, B.J., Ward, S.A. and Wasserman, K. (1987). Effect of interbreath fluctuations on characterizing exercise gas exchange kinetics. Journal of Applied Physiology, 62,2003-2012.
   Google Scholar
• Meyer, RA. (1988). A linear model of muscle respiration explains monoexponential phosphocreatine changes. American Journal of Physiology, 254, C548-C553.
   Google Scholar
• Miyamura, M. and Honda, Y. (1973). Maximum cardiac output related to sex and age. Japanese Journal of 'Physiology, 23,645-656.
   Google Scholar
• Noakes, T. (1998). Maximal oxygen uptake: 'clasical versus 'contemporary' viewpoints: a rebuttal. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 30,1381-1398.
   Google Scholar
• Petersen, S-R Gaul, C.A., Stanton, M.M. and Hanstock, C.C. (1999). Skeletal muscle metabolism during short-term, high-intensity exercise in prepubertal and pubertal girls. Journal of Applied Physiology, 87,2151-2156.
   Google Scholar
• Potter, C.R., Childs, D.J., Houghton, W. and Armstrong, N. (1999). Breath-to-breath 'noise' in children's ventilatory and gas exchange responses to exercise. European Journal of Applied Physiology, 80,118-124.
   Google Scholar
• Rossiter, H.B., Ward, S.A., Doyle, V.L., Howe, EA., Griffiths, J.R. and Whipp, B.J. (1999). Inferences from pulmonary O2 uptake with respect to intramuscular (phosphocreatine) kinetics during moderate exercise in humans. Journal of Physiology (Lond.) 518,921-932.
   Google Scholar
• Rowland, T., Popowski, B. and Ferrone, L. (1997). Cardiac responses to maximal upright cycle exercise in healthy boys and men. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 29, 1146-1151.
   Google Scholar
• Springer, C., Barstow, T.J., Wasserman, K. and Cooper, D.M. (1991). Oxygen uptake and heart rate responses during hypoxic exercise in children and adults. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 23,71-79.
   Google Scholar
• Tanaka, H. and Shindo, M. (1985). Running velocity at blood lactate threshold of boys aged 6-15 years compared with untrained and trained males. International Journal of Sports Medicine, 6,90-94.
   Google Scholar
• Turley, K.R. (1997). Cardiovascular responses to exercise in children. Sports Medicine, 24,241-257.
   Google Scholar
• Wasserman, K. (1984). The anaerobic threshold measurement to evaluate exercise performance. American Review of Respiratory Disease, 129 (suppl.), S35-S40.
   Google Scholar
• Welsman, J.R and Armstrong, N. (2000). Longitudinal changes in submaximal oxygen uptake in 11- to 13-yearolds. Journal of Sports Sciences, 18,183-189.
   Google Scholar
• Welsman, J.R., Armstrong, N., Nevill, A.M., Winter, E.M. and Kirby, B.J. (1996). Scaling peak VO2 for differences in body size. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 28, 259-265.
   Google Scholar
• Weltman, A. and Katch, V. (1976). Minute by minute respiratory exchange and oxygen uptake kinetics during steady-state exercise in subjects of high and low max VO2. Research Quarterly, 47,490-498.
   Google Scholar
• Whipp, B.J. (1997). Developmental aspects of oxygen uptake kinetics in children. In Children and Exercise (edited by N. Armstrong, B.J. Kirby and J.R Welsman), pp. 233-247. London: E. & FN Spon.
   Google Scholar
• Whipp, B.J., Davis, J.A., Torres, F. and Wasserman, K. (1981). A test to determine parameters of aerobic function during exercise. Journal of Applied Physiology, 50, 217-221.
   Google Scholar
• Whipp, B.J., Ward, S.A., Lamarra, N., Davis, J.A. and Wasserman, K. (1982). Parameters of ventilatory and gas exchange dynamics during exercise. Journal of Applied Pkysiology,52,1506-1513.
   Google Scholar
• Wiebe, G.G., Giedhill, N., Warburton, D.E., Jamnik, V.K. and Ferguson, S. (1998). Exercise cardiac function in endurance-trained males versus females. Clinical Journal of Sports Medicine, 8,272-279.
   Google Scholar