The effects of intensive training on insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) and IGF binding proteins 1 and 3 in competitive cyclists: relationships with glucose disposal

References

• Åstrand , P.O. and Rodahl , K. 1986 . Physiological Basis of Exercise: Textbook of Work Physiology , 3rd edn , 432 – 488 . New York : McGraw-Hill .
   Google Scholar
• Baxter , R.C. 1991 . Physiological roles of IGF binding proteins . In Modern Concepts of Insulin-like Growth Factors M.E. Spencer , pp. 371 – 380 . New York : Elvesier .
   Google Scholar
• Bergman , R.N. , Ider , Y.Z. , Bowden , C.R. and Cobelli , C. 1979 . Quantitative estimation of insulin sensitivity . American Journal of Physiology , 236 : E667 – E677 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Blum , W.F. , Ranke , M.B. , Kietzmann , K. , Gauggel , E. , Ziesel , H.J. and Bierich , J.R. 1990 . A specific radioimmunoassay for the growth hormone-dependent somatomedin-binding protein: its use for diagnosis of GH deficiency . Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism , 70 : 713 – 720 .
   Google Scholar
• Bouix , O. , Brun , J.F. and Orsetti , A. 1993 . The magnitude, the kinetics and the metabolic efficiency of first-phase insulin response to intravenous glucose are related . Hormone and Metabolic Research , 25 : 312 – 316 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bouix , O. , Brun , J.F. , Fédou , C. , Micallef , J.P. , Charpiat , A. , Rama , D. and Orsetti , A. 1997 . Exploration de gymnastes adolescents de classe sportive: quel suivi médical pour la croissance et la puberté? . Science et Sports , 12 : 51 – 65 .
   Google Scholar
• Boulware , S.D. , Tamborlane , W.V. , Rennert , N.J. , Gesundheit , N. and Sherwin , R.S. 1994 . Comparison of the metabolic effects of recombinant human insulin-like growth factor-1 and insulin dose-response relationships in healthy young and middle-aged adults? . Journal of Clinical Investigation , 93 : 1131 – 1139 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brooks , G.A. and Mercier , J. 1994 . Balance of carbohydrate and lipid utilisation during exercise:‘the crossover concept’ . Journal of Applied Physiology , 76 : 2253 – 2261 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brun , J.F. , Boegner , C. and Orsetti , A. 1994 . Le minimal model: un nouvel outil pour l’étude des hypoglycémies du sportif . Science et Sports , 9 : 47 – 49 .
   Google Scholar
• Brun , J.F. , Guintrand-Hugret , R. , Boegner , C. , Bouix , O. and Orsetti , A. 1995a . Influence of short submaximal exercise on parameters of glucose assimilation analyzed with the minimal model . Metabolism , 44 : 833 – 840 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brun , J.F. , Dieu-Cambrézy , C. , Charpiat , A. , Fons , C. , Fedou , C. , Micallef , J.P. , Fusselier , M. , Bardet , C. and Orsetti , A. 1995b . Serum zinc in highly trained adolescent gymnasts . Biological Trace Element Research , 47 : 273 – 278 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brun , J.F. , Blanchon , C. , Micallef , J.P. , Fédou , C. , Charpiat , A. , Bouix , O. and Orsetti , A. 1996a . Protéines porteuses des somatomédines et force isométrique de préhension dans un groupe de gymnastes adolescents soumis à un entraînement sportif . Science et Sports , 11 : 157 – 165 .
   Google Scholar
• Brun , J.F. , Bouix , O. , Monnier , J.F. , Blanchon , P. , Jourdan , N. , Baccara , M.T. , Fedou , C. and Orsetti , A. 1996b . Increased insulin sensitivity and basal insulin effectiveness in postprandial reactive hypoglycaemia . Acta Diabetologica , 33 : 1 – 6 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chevenne , D. 1991 . Les somatomédines . Annales de Biologie Clinique , 49 : 69 – 91 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chicharro , J.L. , Lopez-Calderon , A. , Hoyos , J. , Martin-Velasco , A.I. , Villa , G. , Villanua , M.A. and Lucia , A. 2001 . Effects of an endurance cycling competition on resting serum insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) and its binding proteins IGFBP-1 and IGFBP-3 . British Journal of Sports Medicine , 35 : 303 – 307 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Copeland , K.C. , Colletti , R.B. , Devlin , J.D. and McAuliffe , T.L. 1990 . The relationship between insulin-like growth factor-I, adiposity and aging . Metabolism , 39 : 584 – 587 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cuneo , R.C. and Wallace , J.D. 1994 . Growth hormone, insulin-like growth factors and sport . Endocrinology and Metabolism , 1 : 3 – 13 .
   Google Scholar
• Dardevet , D. , Sornet , C. , Attaix , D. , Baracos , V.E. and Grizard , J. 1994 . Insulin-like growth factor-I and insulin resistance in skeletal muscles of adult and old rats . Endocrinology , 134 : 1475 – 1484 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Eliakim , A. , Brasel , J.A. , Mohan , S. , Wong , W.L.T. and Cooper , D.M. 1998 . Increased physical activity and the growth hormone—IGF-I axis in adolescent males . American Journal of Physiology , 275 : R308 – R314 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hellenius , M.L. , Brismar , K.E. , Berglund , B.H. and De Faire , U.H. 1995 . Effects on glucose tolerance, insulin secretion, insulin-like growth factor 1 and its binding protein, IGFBP1, in a randomized controlled diet and exercise study in healthy, middle-aged men . Journal of Internal Medicine , 238 : 121 – 130 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hopkins , N.J. , Jakeman , P.M. , Hughes , S.C. and Holly , J.M.P. 1994 . Changes in circulating insulin-like growth factor-binding protein-1 (IGFBP-1) during prolonged exercise: effect of carbohydrate feeding . Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism , 79 : 1887 – 1890 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hussain , M.A. , Schmitz , O. , Christiansen , J.S. , Zapf , J. and Froesch , E.R. 1996 . Metabolic effects of insulin-like growth factor 1 . In Growth Hormone in Adults: Physiological and Clinical Aspects A.. Jull and J.O.L. Jorgenson , pp. 91 – 106 . Cambridge : Cambridge University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Jahreis , P.J. , Kauf , E. , Fröhner , G. and Schimdt , H.E. 1991 . Influence of intensive exercise on insulin-like growth factor 1, thyroid and steroid hormones in females gymnasts . Growth Regulation , 1 : 95 – 99 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Koziris , L.P. , Hickson , R.C. , Chatterton , R.T. , Groseth , R.T. , Christie , J.M. , Goldflies , D.G. and Unterman , T.G. 1999 . Serum levels of total and free IGF-1 and IGFBP-3 are increased and maintained in long-term training . Journal of Applied Physiology , 86 : 1436 – 1442 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Le Bouc , Y. 1996 . Biologie des IGF . Médecine Thérapeutique , 2 : 22 – 31 .
   Google Scholar
• Lewitt , M.S. , Denyer , G.S. , Cooney , G.J. and Baxter , R.C. 1991 . Insulin-like growth factor-binding protein-1 modulates blood glucose levels . Endocrinology , 29 : 2254 – 2256 .
   Google Scholar
• Lukaski , H.C. , Johnson , P.E. , Bolonchuch , W.W. and Lykken , V. 1985 . Assessment of fat-free mass using bioelectrical impedance measurements of the human body . American Journal of Clinical Nutrition , 41 : 810 – 817 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Manetta , J. , Brun , J.F. , Mercier , J. and Préfaut , C. 2000 . The effects of exercise training intensification on glucose disposal in elite cyclists . International Journal of Sports Medicine , 21 : 338 – 343 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nguyen , U.N. , Mougin , F. , Simon-Rigaud , M.L. , Rouillon , J.D. , Marguet , P. and Regnard , J. 1998 . Influence of exercise duration on insulin-like growth factor and its binding proteins in athletes . European Journal of Applied Physiology , 78 : 533 – 537 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Poehlman , E.T. and Copeland , K.C. 1990 . Influence of physical activity on insulin-like growth factor-I in healthy younger and older men . Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism , 71 : 1468 – 1473 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Quin , J.D. , Checkeley , A. , Gallagher , A. , Jones , J. , Maccuish , A.C. and Miell , J.P. 1994 . Response of insulin-like growth factor (IGF) binding protein-1 (IGFBP1) and IGFBP3 to IGF-I treatment in severe insulin resistance . Journal of Endocrinology , 141 : 177 – 182 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rajkumar , K. , Dheen , S.T. and Murphy , L.J. 1996 . Hyperglycemia and impaired glucose tolerance in IGF binding protein-1 transgenic mice . American Journal of Physiology , 270 : E565 – E571 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Roelen , C.A.M. , Devries , W.R. , Koppeschaar , H.P.F. , Vervoorn , C. , Thijssin , J.H.H. and Blankenstein , M.A. 1997 . Plasma insulin-like growth factor-1 and high affinity growth hormone-binding protein levels increase after two weeks of strenuous physical training . International Journal of Sports Medicine , 18 : 238 – 241 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rutamen , E.M. , Pekonen , F. and Mäkinen , T. 1988 . Soluble 34K binding protein inhibits the binding of insulin-like growth factor 1 to its cell receptors in human secretory phase endometrium: evidence for autocrine/paracrine regulation of growth factor action . Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism , 66 : 266 – 272 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Smith , A.T. , Clemmons , D.R. , Underwood , L.E. , Ben-Ezra , V. and McMurray , R. 1987 . The effect of exercise on plasma somatomedin C/insulin-like growth factor 1 concentrations . Metabolism , 36 : 533 – 537 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Steil , G.M. and Bergman , R.M. 1991 . Reduced sampling for the minimal model estimate of insulin sensitivity from the modified and standard frequently sampled IVGTT . Diabetes , 40 ( Suppl. 1 ) : 38A
   Google Scholar
• Suikkari , A.M. , Koivisto , V.A. , Yki-Järvinen , H. , Karonen , S.L. and Seppälä , M. 1988 . Insulin regulates the serum levels of low molecular weight insulin-like growth factor-binding protein . Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism , 66 : 266 – 272 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Suikkari , A.M. , Sane , T. , Seppälä , M. , Yki-Järvinen , H. , Karonen , S.L. and Kiovisto , V.A. 1989 . Prolonged exercise increases serum insulin-like growth factor-binding protein concentration . Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism , 68 : 141 – 144 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Suikkari , A.M. , Koistinen , R. , Seppälä , M. and Yki-Järvinen , H. 1991 . Dose-response characteristics for suppression of low molecular weight plasma insulin-like growth factor-binding protein by insulin . Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism , 68 : 135 – 140 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tamburrano , G. , Leonetti , F. , Sbraccia , P. , Giaccari , A. , Locuratolo , N. and Lala , A. 1989 . Increased insulin sensitivity in patients with idiopathic reactive hypoglycemia . Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism , 69 : 885 – 891 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tokuyama , K. , Higaki , Y. , Fujitani , J. , Kiyonaga , A. , Tanaka , H. , Shindo , M. , Fukushima , M. , Nakal , Y. , Imura , H. and Nagata , I. 1993 . Intravenous glucose tolerance test-derived glucose effectiveness in physically trained humans . American Journal of Physiology , 265 : E298 – E303 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zenobi , P.D. , Holzmann , P. , Glatz , Y. , Riezen , W.E. and Froesh , E.R. 1993 . Improvement of lipid profile in type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus by insulin-like growth factor I . Diabetologia , 36 : 465 – 469 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar