The influence of pre-warming on the physiological responses to prolonged intermittent exercise

References

• Balsom , PD , Gaitanos , GC , Soderlund , K and Ekblom , B . 1999 . High-intensity exercise and muscle glycogen availability in humans . Acta Phsyiologica Scandinavica , 165 : 337 – 345 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Becker , BJ . 1998 . Synthesising standardised mean-change measures . British Journal of Mathematics and Statistical Psychology , 41 : 257 – 278 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Borg , G . 1982 . Psychophysical bases of perceived exertion . Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise , 14 : 377 – 381 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bridges , MW , Weller , AS , Rayson , M and Jones , DA . 2003 . Responses to exercise in the heat related to measures of hypothalamic serotonergic and dopaminergic function . European Journal of Applied Physiology , 89 : 451 – 459 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cable , NT and Bullock , S . 1996 . Thermoregulatory responses during and in recovery from aerobic and anaerobic exercise . Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise , 28 : S202
   Google Scholar
• Cheung , SS and McLellan , TM . 1998a . Heat acclimation, aerobic fitness, and hydration effects on tolerance during uncompensable heat stress . Journal of Applied Physiology , 84 : 1731 – 1739 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cheung , SS and McLellan , TM . 1998b . Influence of hydration status and short-term aerobic training on tolerance during uncompensable heat stress . European Journal of Applied Physiology , 78 : 50 – 58 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Coggan , AR and Coyle , EF . 1987 . Reversal of fatigue during prolonged exercise by carbohydrate infusion or ingestion . Journal of Applied Physiology , 63 : 2388 – 2395 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cowen , PJ , Anderson , IM and Graham-Smith , DG . 1990 . Neuroendocrine effects of azapirones . Journal of Clinical Psychopharmacology , 10 : 21S – 25S .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• DuBois , D and DuBois , F . 1916 . Clinical calorimetry: A formula to estimate the approximate surface area if height and weight be known . Archives of Internal Medicine , 17 : 863 – 871 .
   Google Scholar
• Febbraio MA 1999 Temperature, muscle metabolism and performance In D. Lamb & R. Murray (Eds.), Perspectives in exercise science and sports medicine, Vol. 12: The metabolic bases of performance in sport and exercise (pp. 315 – 353) Minneapolis, MN: Cooper Publishing
   Google Scholar
• Febbraio , MA , Murton , P , Selig , SE , Clark , SA , Lambert , DL Angus , DJ . 1996 . Effect of CHO ingestion on exercise metabolism and performance in different ambient temperatures . Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise , 28 : 1380 – 1387 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Galloway , SDR and Maughan , RJ . 1997 . Effects of ambient temperature on the capacity to perform prolonged cycle exercise in man . Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise , 29 : 1240 – 1249 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gonzalez-Alonso , J , Mora-Rodriguez , R , Below , PR and Coyle , EF . 1997 . Dehydration markedly impairs cardiovascular function in hyperthermic endurance athletes during exercise . Journal of Applied Physiology , 82 : 1229 – 1236 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gonzalez-Alonso , J , Teller , C , Andersen , SL , Jensen , FB and Nielsen , B . 1999 . Influence of T b on the development of fatigue during prolonged exercise in the heat . Journal of Applied Physiology , 86 : 1032 – 1039 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gregson , WA , Drust , D , Batterham , A and Cable , NT . 2002 . The effects of pre-warming on the metabolic and thermoregulatory responses to prolonged submaximal exercise in moderate ambient temperatures . European Journal of Applied Physiology , 86 : 526 – 533 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hales JRS Hubbard RW Gaffin SL 1996 Limitation of heat tolerance In M. J. Fregley & C. M. Blatteis (Eds.), Handbook of physiology, environmental physiology (pp. 285 – 355) Oxford: Oxford University Press
   Google Scholar
• Hargreaves , M , Dillo , P , Angus , PD and Febbraio , M . 1996 . Effect of fluid ingestion on muscle metabolism during prolonged exercise . Journal of Applied Physiology , 80 : 363 – 366 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Harrison , MH . 1985 . Effects of thermal stress and exercise on blood volume in humans . Physiological Reviews , 65 : 149 – 209 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jackson , AS and Pollock , ML . 1978 . Generalised equations for predicting body density of men . British Journal of Nutrition , 40 : 497 – 504 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kargotich , S , Goodman , C , Keast , D and Morton , AR . 1998 . The influence of exercise-induced plasma volume changes on the interpretation of biochemical parameters used for monitoring exercise, training and sport . Sports Medicine , 26 : 101 – 117 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kay , D and Marino , FE . 2000 . Fluid ingestion and exercise hyperthermia: Implications for performance, thermoregulation, metabolism and the development of fatigue . Journal of Sports Sciences , 18 : 71 – 82 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kenney , WL . 1998 . Heat flux and storage in hot environments . International Journal of Sports Medicine , 19 : S92 – S95 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kranning , KK and Gonzalez , R . 1991 . Physiological consequences of intermittent exercise during compensable and uncompensable heat stress . Journal of Applied Physiology , 71 : 2138 – 2145 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lee , DT and Haymes , EM . 1995 . Exercise duration and thermoregulatory responses after whole body pre-cooling . Journal of Applied Physiology , 79 : 1971 – 1976 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Martin , AD , Spenst , LF , Drinkwater , DT and Clarys , JP . 1990 . Anthropometric estimation of muscle mass in men . Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise , 22 : 729 – 733 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McLellan , TM , Gannon , GA , Zamecnik , J , Gil , V and Brown , GM . 1999 . Low doses of melatonin and diurnal effects on thermoregulation and tolerance to uncompensable heat stress . Journal of Applied Physiology , 87 : 308 – 316 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McLellan , TM , Smith , IF , Gannon , GA and Zamecnik , J . 2000 . Melatonin has no effect on tolerance to uncompensable heat stress in man . European Journal of Applied Physiology , 83 : 336 – 343 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mitchell , JW , Nadel , ER and Stolwijk , JAJ . 1972 . Respiratory weight losses during exercise . Journal of Applied Physiology , 32 : 474 – 476 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Morris , JG , Nevill , ME and Williams , C . 2000 . Physiological and metabolic responses of female games and endurance athletes to prolonged intermittent, high intensity running at 30°C and 16°C ambient temperatures . European Journal of Applied Physiology , 81 : 84 – 92 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nassis , GP , Williams , C and Chisnal , P . 1998 . Effect of a carbohydrate-electrolyte drink on endurance capacity during prolonged intermittent high intensity running . British Journal of Sports Medicine , 32 : 248 – 252 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nielsen B 1987 The implications of endogenous versus exogenous heat loads in stress tolerance In J. A. S. Hales & D. A. B. Richards (Eds.), Physical exertion and environment: Proceedings of the 1st World Conference on Heat Stress, Physical Exertion and Environment (pp. 103 – 115) New York: Excerpta Medica
   Google Scholar
• Parkin , JM , Carey , MF , Zhao , S and Febbraio , MA . 1999 . Effect of ambient temperature on human skeletal muscle metabolism during fatiguing submaximal exercise . Journal of Applied Physiology , 86 : 902 – 908 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ramanathan , NL . 1964 . A new weighting system for mean surface temperature of the human body . Journal of Applied Physiology , 19 : 531 – 533 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Reilly , T and Brooks , GA . 1986 . Exercise and the circadian variation in body temperature measures . International Journal of Sports Medicine , 7 : 358 – 362 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rowell , LB . 1974 . Human cardiovascular adjustments to exercise and thermal stress . Physiological Reviews , 51 : 75 – 142 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sawka , MN , Young , AJ , Latzka , WA , Neufer , PD , Quigley , MD and Padolf , KB . 1992 . Human tolerance to heat strain during exercise: influence of hydration . Journal of Applied Physiology , 73 : 368 – 375 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Siri WE 1956 Body composition from fluid spaces and density: analysis of methods University of California Radiation Laboratory Report (UCRL 3349)
   Google Scholar
• Vincent WJ 1995 Statistics in kinesiology Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics
   Google Scholar
• Webb P 1995 The physiology of heat regulation American Journal of Physiology 268 (Regulatory Integrative Comp. Physiol, 37) R838 R850
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar