References
- Abernethy , B. 1990 . Anticipation in squash: Differences in advance cue utilization between expert and novice players . Journal of Sports Sciences , 1 : 17 – 34 .
- Abernethy , B. and Wood , J. M. 2001 . Do generalized visual training programmes for sport really work? An experimental investigation . Journal of Sports Sciences , 3 : 203 – 222 .
- Ashford , B. , Biddle , S. and Goudas , M. 1993 . Participation in community sports centres: Motives and predictors of enjoyment . Journal of Sports Sciences , 11 : 249 – 256 .
- Baudry , L. , Leroy , D. and Chollett , D. 2006a . The effect of combined self- and expert-modelling on the performance of the double leg circle on the pommel horse . Journal of Sports Sciences , 24 : 1055 – 1063 .
- Baudry , L. , Leroy , D. , Thouvarecq , R. and Chollett , D. 2006b . Auditory concurrent feedback benefits on the circle performed in gymnastics . Journal of Sports Sciences , 24 : 149 – 156 .
- Biddle , S. J. H. and Mutrie , N. 2001 . Psychology of physical activity: Determinants, well-being, and interventions , London : Routledge .
- Biddle , S. J. H. and Mutrie , N. 2007 . Psychology of physical activity: Determinants, well-being, and interventions , 2nd edn. , London : Routledge .
- Biddle , S. J. H. , Wang , C. K. J. , Chatzisarantis , N. L. D. and Spray , C. M. 2003 . Motivation for physical activity in young people: Entity and incremental beliefs about athletic ability . Journal of Sports Sciences , 21 : 973 – 989 .
- Carr , S. 2006 . An examination of multiple goals in children's physical education: Motivational effects of goal profiles and the role of perceived climate in multiple goal development . Journal of Sports Sciences , 24 : 281 – 297 .
- Carron , A. V. , Bray , S. R. and Eys , M. A. 2002 . Team cohesion and team success in sport . Journal of Sports Sciences , 20 : 119 – 126 .
- Cerin , E. , Szabo , A. , Hunt , N. and Williams , C. 2000 . Temporal patterning of competitive emotions: A critical review . Journal of Sports Sciences , 18 : 605 – 626 .
- Chatzisarantis , N. L. D. , Hagger , M. S. , Biddle , S. J. H. and Smith , B. 2005 . The stability of the attitude – intention relationship in the context of physical activity . Journal of Sports Sciences , 23 : 49 – 61 .
- Cox , R. H. , Martens , M. P. and Williams , D. R. 2003 . Measuring anxiety in athletics: The revised competitive state anxiety inventory-2 . Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology , 25 : 519 – 533 .
- Cresswell , S. L. and Eklund , R. C. 2006 . The convergent and discriminant validity of burnout measures in sport: A multi-trait/multi-method analysis . Journal of Sports Sciences , 24 : 209 – 220 .
- Crust , L. and Clough , P. J. 2006 . The influence of rhythm and personality in the endurance response to motivational asynchronous music . Journal of Sports Sciences , 24 : 187 – 195 .
- Deci , E. L. and Ryan , R. M. 1985 . Intrinsic motivation and self-determination in human behavior , New York : Plenum Press .
- Dexter , T. 1999 . Relationship between sport knowledge, sport performance and academic ability: Empirical evidence from GCSE physical education . Journal of Sports Sciences , 17 : 283 – 295 .
- Ekkekakis , P. , Hall , E. E. and Petruzzello , S. J. 2005 . Variation and homogeneity in affective responses to physical activity of varying intensities: An alternative perspective on dose – response based on evolutionary considerations . Journal of Sports Sciences , 23 : 477 – 500 .
- Emmen , H. H. , Wesseling , L. G. , Bootsma , R. J. , Whiting , H. T. A. and Van Wieringen , P. C. W. 1985 . The effect of video-modelling and video-feedback on the learning of the tennis service by novices . Journal of Sports Sciences , 2 : 127 – 138 .
- Eys , M. A. , Carron , A. V. , Bray , S. R. and Beauchamp , M. R. 2003 . Role ambiguity and athlete satisfaction . Journal of Sports Sciences , 21 : 391 – 401 .
- Eysenck , M. W. and Calvo , M. G. 1992 . Anxiety and performance: The processing efficiency theory . Cognition and Emotion , 6 : 409 – 434 .
- Farrow , D. and Abernethy , B. 2002 . Can anticipatory skills be learned through implicit video-based perceptual training? . Journal of Sports Sciences , 20 : 471 – 485 .
- Faulkner , G. and Biddle , S. 2001 . Exercise and mental health: It's just not psychology! . Journal of Sports Sciences , 19 : 433 – 444 .
- Gauthier , G. M. 1985 . Visually and acoustically augmented performance feedback as an aid in motor control learning: A study of selected components of the rowing action . Journal of Sports Sciences , 3 : 3 – 26 .
- Gray , J. A. 1975 . Elements of a two process theory of learning , New York : Academic Press .
- Gray , J. A. 1987 . The psychology of fear and stress , New York : Cambridge University Press .
- Guadagnoli , M. , Holcomb , W. and Davis , M. 2002 . The efficacy of video feedback for learning of the golf swing . Journal of Sports Sciences , 20 : 615 – 622 .
- Handford , C. , Davids , K. , Bennett , S. and Button , C. 1997 . Skill acquisition in sport: Some applications of an evolving practice ecology . Journal of Sports Sciences , 15 : 621 – 640 .
- Hanton , S. , Fletcher , D. and Coughlan , G. 2005 . Stress in elite sport performers: A comparative study of competitive and organizational stressors . Journal of Sports Sciences , 23 : 1129 – 1141 .
- Hardy , J. , Hall , C. R. and Alexander , M. R. 2001 . Exploring self-talk and affective states in sport . Journal of Sports Sciences , 19 : 469 – 475 .
- Hardy , L. 1990 . “ A catastrophe model of anxiety and performance ” . In Stress and performance in sport , Edited by: Jones , J. G. and Hardy , L. 81 – 106 . Chichester, , UK : Wiley .
- Harris , D. V. 1973 . Involvement in sport: A somatopsychic rationale for physical activity , Philadelphia, PA : Lea & Febiger .
- Helsen , W. F. , Hodges , N. J. , Van Winckel , J. and Starkes , J. L. 2000 . The roles of talent, physical precocity, and practice in the development of soccer expertise . Journal of Sports Sciences , 18 : 727 – 736 .
- Hillsdon , M. , Thorogood , M. and Foster , C. 2005 . Interventions for physical activity (Cochrane Review) , Oxford : Update Software .
- Hodges , N. J. and Williams , A. M. 2007 . Current status of observational learning research and the role of demonstrations in sport . Journal of Sports Sciences , 25 : 495 – 496 .
- Jackson , C. , Smith , R. A. and Conner , M. 2003 . Applying an extended version of the theory of planned behaviour to physical activity . Journal of Sports Sciences , 21 : 119 – 133 .
- Jackson , R. C. 2003 . Evaluating the evidence for implicit perceptual learning: A re-analysis of Farrow and Abernethy (2002) . Journal of Sports Sciences , 21 : 503 – 509 .
- Jones , G. , Swain , A. and Hardy , L. 1993 . Intensity and direction dimensions of competitive state anxiety and relationships with performance . Journal of Sports Sciences , 11 : 525 – 532 .
- Jones , J. G. 1991 . Recent developments and current issues in competitive state anxiety research . The Psychologist , 4 : 152 – 155 .
- Jones , J. G. and Cale , A. 1989 . Relationships between competitive state anxiety and cognitive and motor subcomponents of performance . Journal of Sports Sciences , 7 : 229 – 240 .
- Kahn , E. B. , Ramsey , L. T. , Brownson , R. C. , Heath , G. W. , Howze , E. H. Powell , K. E. 2002 . The effectiveness of interventions to increase physical activity: A systematic review . American Journal of Preventive Medicine , 22 : 73 – 108 .
- Karageorghis , C. I. , Priest , D.-L. , Terry , P. C. , Chatzisarantis , N. L. D. and Lane , A. M. 2006 . Redesign and initial validation of an instrument to assess the motivational qualities of music in exercise: The Brunel Music Rating Inventory-2 . Journal of Sports Sciences , 24 : 899 – 909 .
- Karageorghis , C. I. , Terry , P. C. and Lane , A. M. 1999 . Development and initial validation of an instrument to assess the motivational qualities of music in exercise and sport: The Brunel Music Rating Inventory . Journal of Sports Sciences , 17 : 713 – 724 .
- Lane , A. M. , Sewell , D. F. , Terry , P. C. , Bartram , D. and Nesti , M. S. 1999 . Confirmatory factor analysis of the Competitive State Anxiety Inventory-2 . Journal of Sports Sciences , 17 : 505 – 512 .
- Liao , C.-M. and Masters , R. S. W. 2001 . Analogy learning: A means to implicit motor learning . Journal of Sports Sciences , 19 : 307 – 319 .
- Lowther , M. , Mutrie , N. and Scott , M. 2002 . Promoting physical activity in a socially and economically deprived community: A 12 month randomized control trial of fitness assessment and exercise consultation . Journal of Sports Sciences , 20 : 577 – 588 .
- Mace , R. D. and Carroll , D. 1989 . The effect of stress inoculation training on self-reported stress, observers' rating of stress, heart rate and gymnastics performance . Journal of Sports Sciences , 7 : 257 – 266 .
- Mace , R. D. , Carroll , D. and Eastman , C. 1986 . Effects of stress inoculation training on self-report, behavioural and psychophysiological reactions to abseiling . Journal of Sports Sciences , 4 : 229 – 236 .
- Mageau , G. A. and Vallerand , R. J. 2003 . The coach – athlete relationship: A motivational model . Journal of Sports Sciences , 21 : 883 – 904 .
- Martens , R. , Burton , D. , Vealey , R. S. , Bump , L. A. and Smith , D. E. 1990a . “ Development and validation of the Competitive State Anxiety Inventory-2 ” . In Competitive anxiety in sport , Edited by: Martens , R. , Vealey , R. S. and Burton , D. 117 – 190 . Champaign, IL : Human Kinetics .
- Martens , R. , Vealey , R. S. and Burton , D. 1990b . Competitive anxiety in sport , Champaign, IL : Human Kinetics .
- Masters , R. S. W. 1992 . Knowledge, knerves and know-how: The role of explicit versus implicit knowledge in the breakdown of a complex motor skill under pressure . British Journal of Psychology , 83 : 343 – 358 .
- Maxwell , J. P. , Masters , R. S. W. and Eves , F. F. 2000 . From novice to no know-how: A longitudinal study of implicit motor learning . Journal of Sports Sciences , 2 : 111 – 120 .
- Mendoza , L. and Schöllhorn , W. 2003 . Training sprint start technique with biomechanical feedback . Journal of Sports Sciences , 11 : 25 – 29 .
- Messier , S. P. and Cirillo , K. J. 1989 . Effects of a verbal and visual feedback system on running technique, perceived exertion and running economy in female novice runners . Journal of Sports Sciences , 7 : 113 – 126 .
- Mononen , K. , Viitasalo , J. T. , Konttinen , N. and Era , P. 2003 . The effects of augmented kinematic feedback on motor learning in rifle shooting . Journal of Sports Sciences , 21 : 867 – 876 .
- Morgan , W. P. and Goldston , S. E. 1987 . Exercise and mental health , Washington, DC : Hemisphere .
- Mullen , R. and Hardy , L. 2000 . State anxiety and motor performance: Testing the conscious processing hypothesis . Journal of Sports Sciences , 18 : 785 – 799 .
- Newman , A. B. , Haggerty , C. L. , Kritchevsky , S. B. , Nevitt , M. C. and Simonsick , E. M. 2003 . Walking performance and cardiovascular response: Associations with age and morbidity – The health, aging and body composition study . Journals of Gerontology Series A: Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences , 58 : 715 – 720 .
- Newton , M. , Duda , J. L. and Zenong , Y. 2000 . Examination of the psychometric properties of the Perceived Motivational Climate in Sport Questionnaire-2 in a sample of female athletes . Journal of Sports Sciences , 18 : 275 – 290 .
- Ntoumanis , N. and Biddle , S. J. 1999 . A review of motivational climate in physical activity . Journal of Sports Sciences , 17 : 643 – 665 .
- Papaioannou , A. , Bebetsos , E. , Theodorakis , Y. , Christodoulidis , T. and Kouli , O. 2006 . Causal relationships of sport and exercise involvement with goal orientations, perceived competence and intrinsic motivation in physical education: A longitudinal study . Journal of Sports Sciences , 24 : 367 – 382 .
- Parfitt , C. G. and Hardy , L. 1987 . Further evidence for the differential effects of competitive anxiety upon a number of cognitive and motor sub-components . Journal of Sports Sciences , 5 : 62 – 72 .
- Parfitt , G. and Pates , J. 1999 . The effects of cognitive and somatic anxiety and self-confidence on components of performance during competition . Journal of Sports Sciences , 17 : 351 – 356 .
- Perkins-Ceccato , N. , Passmore , S. R. and Lee , T. D. 2003 . Effects of focus of attention depend on golfers' skill . Journal of Sports Sciences , 21 : 593 – 600 .
- Poolton , J. M. , Maxwell , J. P. , Masters , R. S. W. and Raab , M. 2006 . Benefits of an external focus of attention: Common coding or conscious processing? . Journal of Sports Sciences , 24 : 89 – 99 .
- Rees , T. , Ingledew , D. K. and Hardy , L. 1999 . Social support dimensions and components of performance in tennis . Journal of Sports Sciences , 17 : 421 – 429 .
- Ripoll , H. , Papin , J.-P. , Guezennec , J.-Y. , Verdy , J.-P. and Philip , M. 1985 . Analyses of visual scanning patterns of pistol shooters . Journal of Sports Sciences , 3 : 93 – 101 .
- Roberts , G. C. , Treasure , D. C. and Balague , G. 1998 . Achievements goals in sport: The development and validation of the Perception of Success Questionnaire . Journal of Sports Sciences , 16 : 337 – 347 .
- Rose , E. A. , Markland , D. and Parfitt , G. 2001 . The development and initial validation of the Exercise Causality Orientations Scale . Journal of Sports Sciences , 19 : 445 – 462 .
- Sanderson , F. H. 1983 . The effect of directional uncertainty on reaction time and movement time in a fencing task . Journal of Sports Sciences , 1 : 105 – 110 .
- Savelsbergh , G. and Davids , K. 2002 . “Keeping the eye on the ball”: The legacy of John Whiting (1929 – 2001) in sport science . Journal of Sports Sciences , 2 : 79 – 82 .
- Sidney , K. H. , Ninnimaa , V. and Shephard , R. J. 1983 . Attitudes towards exercise and sports: Sex and age differences and changes with endurance training . Journal of Sports Sciences , 1 : 195 – 210 .
- Smeeton , N. J. , Ward , P. and Williams , A. M. 2004 . Do pattern recognition skills transfer across sports? A preliminary analysis . Journal of Sports Sciences , 22 : 205 – 213 .
- Smith , N. C. , Bellamy , M. , Collins , D. J. and Newell , D. 2001 . A test of processing efficiency theory in a team sport context . Journal of Sports Sciences , 19 : 321 – 332 .
- Smith , R. A. and Biddle , S. J. 1999 . Attitudes and exercise adherence: Test of the theories of reasoned action and planned behaviour . Journal of Sports Sciences , 17 : 269 – 281 .
- Spray , C. M. , Biddle , S. J. and Fox , K. R. 1999 . Achievement goals, beliefs about the causes of success and reported emotion in post-16 physical education . Journal of Sports Sciences , 17 : 213 – 219 .
- Spray , C. M. and Wang , C. K. 2001 . Goal orientations, self-determination and pupils' discipline in physical education . Journal of Sports Sciences , 19 : 903 – 913 .
- Standage , M. , Duda , J. L. and Ntoumanis , N. 2003 . Predicting motivational regulations in physical education: The interplay between dispositional goal orientations, motivational climate and perceived competence . Journal of Sports Sciences , 21 : 631 – 647 .
- Swain , A. B. J. and Harwood , C. G. 1996 . Antecedents of stage goals in age-group swimmers: An interactionist perspective . Journal of Sports Sciences , 14 : 111 – 124 .
- Tenenbaum , G. and Bar-Eli , M. 1995 . “ Contemporary issues in exercise and sport psychology research ” . In European perspectives on exercise and sport psychology , Edited by: Biddle , S. J. H. 292 – 323 . Champaign, IL : Human Kinetics .
- Tenenbaum , G. , Fogarty , G. , Stewart , E. , Calcagnini , N. , Kirker , B. Thorne , G. 1999 . Perceived discomfort in running: Scale development and theoretical considerations . Journal of Sports Sciences , 17 : 183 – 196 .
- Tenenbaum , G. , Levy-Kolker , N. , Bar-Eli , M. and Weinberg , R. 1994 . Information recall of younger and older skilled athletes: The role of display complexity, attentional resources and visual exposure duration . Journal of Sports Sciences , 12 : 529 – 534 .
- Thogersen-Ntoumani , C. and Ntoumanis , N. 2006 . The role of self-determined motivation in the understanding of exercise-related behaviours, cognitions and physical self-evaluations . Journal of Sports Sciences , 24 : 393 – 404 .
- Thomas , P. R. , Murphy , S. M. and Hardy , L. 1999 . Test of performance strategies: Development and preliminary validation of a comprehensive measure of athletes' psychological skills . Journal of Sports Sciences , 17 : 697 – 711 .
- Vanden Auweele , Y. , Rzewnicki , R. and van Mele , V. 1997 . Reasons for not exercising and exercise intentions: A study of middle-aged sedentary adults . Journal of Sports Sciences , 15 : 151 – 165 .
- Van Wieringen , P. C. W. , Emmen , H. H. , Bootsma , R. J. , Hoogesteger , M. and Whiting , H. T. A. 1989 . The effect of video-feedback on the learning of the tennis service by intermediate players . Journal of Sports Sciences , 7 : 153 – 162 .
- Vlachopoulos , S. P. , Karageorghis , C. I. and Terry , P. C. 2000 . Hierarchical confirmatory factor analysis of the Flow State Scale in exercise . Journal of Sports Sciences , 18 : 815 – 823 .
- Wallace , H. R. , Baumeister , R. F. and Vohs , K. D. 2005 . Audience support and choking under pressure: A home disadvantage? . Journal of Sports Sciences , 23 : 429 – 438 .
- Whitehead , R. , Wilson Butz , J. , Kozar , B. and Vaughn , R. E. 1996 . Stress and performance: An application of Gray's three-factor arousal theory to basketball free-throw shooting . Journal of Sports Sciences , 14 : 393 – 401 .
- Woodman , T. and Hardy , L. 2001 . A case study of organizational stress in elite sport . Journal of Applied Sport Psychology , 13 : 207 – 238 .
- World Health Organization . 2004 . Global strategy on diet, physical activity and health , Geneva : WHO .