Promoting a skills-based agenda in Olympic sports: The role of skill-acquisition specialists

References

• Abernethy , B. , Baker , J. and Côté , J. 2005 . Transfer of pattern recall skills as a contributor to the development of sport expertise . Applied Cognitive Psychology , 19 : 705 – 718 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Abraham , A. and Collins , D. 1998 . Examining and extending research in coach development . Quest , 50 : 59 – 79 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Adolphe , R. , Vickers , J. and Laplante , G. 1997 . The effects of training visual attention on gaze behaviour and accuracy: A pilot study . International Journal of Sports Vision , 4 : 28 – 33 .
   Google Scholar
• Araújo , D. , Davids , K. , Bennett , S. J. , Button , C. and Chapman , G. 2004 . “ Emergence of sport skills under constraints ” . In Skill acquisition in sport: Research, theory and practice , Edited by: Williams , A. M. and Hodges , N. J. 409 – 434 . London : Routledge .
   Google Scholar
• Baker , J. , Côté , J. and Abernethy , B. 2003 . Sport-specific practice and the development of expert decision making in team ball sports . Journal of Applied Sport Psychology , 15 : 12 – 25 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Balyi , I. 2002 . Long-term athlete development: The system and solutions . Faster, Higher, Stronger , 14 : 6 – 9 .
   Google Scholar
• Baxter-Jones , A. , Helms , P. , Maffull , N. , Baines-Preece , J. and Preece , M. 1995 . Growth and development of male gymnasts, swimmers, soccer and tennis players: A longitudinal study . Annals of Human Biology , 22 : 381 – 394 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bruner , M. W. , Côté , J. , Ericsson , K. and Wilson , B. 2008 . An appraisal of lifespan developmental models in sport through citation network analysis . Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology , 30 ( suppl. ) : S19
   Google Scholar
• Carling , C. , Reilly , T. and Williams , A. M. 2008 . Performance assessment in field sports , London : Routledge .
   Google Scholar
• Cobley , S. , Baker , J. , Wattie , N. and McKenna , J. 2009 . Annual age-grouping and athlete development: A meta-analytical review of relative age effects in sport . Sports Medicine , 39 : 235 – 256 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Côté , J. 1999 . The influence of the family in the development of talent in sport . The Sport Psychologist , 13 : 395 – 417 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Côté , J. , Baker , J. and Abernethy , B. 2007a . “ Play and practice in the development of sport expertise ” . In Handbook of sport psychology , Edited by: Tenenbaum , G. and Eklund , R. C. 184 – 202 . New York : Wiley .
   Google Scholar
• Côté , J. , Young , B. , North , J. and Duffy , P. 2007b . Towards a definition of excellence in sports coaching . International Journal of Sports Coaching , 1 : 3 – 17 .
   Google Scholar
• Cushion , C. J. and Jones , R. L. 2003 . A systematic observation of professional top-level youth soccer coaches . Journal of Sport Behaviour , 24 : 354 – 376 .
   Google Scholar
• Davids , K. , Button , C. and Bennett , S. 2008 . Dynamics of skill acquisition: A constraints-led approach , Champaign, IL : Human Kinetics .
   Google Scholar
• Ericsson , K. A. 2003 . “ The development of elite performance and deliberate practice: An update from the perspective of the expert-performance approach ” . In Expert performance in sport: Recent advances in research on sport expertise , Edited by: Starkes , J. and Ericsson , K. A. 49 – 81 . Champaign, IL : Human Kinetics .
   Google Scholar
• Ericsson , K. A. 2006 . “ The influence of experience and deliberate practice on the development of superior expert performance ” . In The Cambridge handbook of expertise and expert performance , Edited by: Ericsson , K. A. , Charness , N. , Feltovich , P. J. and Hoffman , R. R. 683 – 704 . New York : Cambridge University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Ericsson , K. A. 2007 . Deliberate practice and the modifiability of body and mind: Toward a science of the structure and acquisition of expert and elite performance . International Journal of Sport Psychology , 38 : 4 – 43 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ericsson , K. A. , Krampe , R. T. and Tesch-Römer , C. 1993 . The role of deliberate practice in the acquisition of expert performance . Psychological Review , 100 : 363 – 406 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ericsson , K. A. , Roring , R. W. and Nandagopal , K. 2007 . Giftedness and evidence for reproducibly superior performance: An account based on the expert performance approach . High Ability Studies , 18 : 3 – 56 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ericsson , K. A. and Williams , A. M. 2007 . Capturing naturally-occurring superior performance in the laboratory: Translational research on expert performance . Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied , 13 : 115 – 123 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Farrow , D. and Abernethy , B. 2002 . Can anticipatory skills be learned through implicit video-based perceptual training? . Journal of Sports Sciences , 20 : 471 – 485 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Farrow D. Baker J. McMahon C. 2008 Developing sports expertise: Researchers and coaches put theory into practice London Routledge
   Google Scholar
• Ford , P. R. , Le Gall , F. , Carling , C. and Williams , A. M. 2008 . “ A cross-cultural comparison of the participation histories of English and French elite youth soccer players ” . In Science and football VI , Edited by: Reilly , T. , Korkusuz , F. and Ergen , E. 109 – 112 . London : Taylor & Francis .
   Google Scholar
• Ford , P. R. , Ward , P. , Hodges , N. J. and Williams , A. M. 2009 . The role of deliberate practice and play in career progression in sport: The early engagement hypothesis . High Ability Studies , 20 : 65 – 75 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Harle , S. K. and Vickers , J. N. 2001 . Training quiet eye improves accuracy in basketball free throw . Sport Psychologist , 15 : 289 – 305 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Helsen , W. F. , Van Winckel , J. and Williams , A. M. 2005 . The relative age effect in youth soccer competition across Europe . Journal of Sports Sciences , 23 : 629 – 636 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hodges , N. J. and Franks , I. M. 2004 . “ Instructions, demonstrations and the learning process: Creating and constraining movement options ” . In Skill acquisition in sport: Research, theory and practice , Edited by: Williams , A. M. and Hodges , N. J. 145 – 174 . London : Routledge .
   Google Scholar
• Hodges , N. J. , Huys , R. and Starkes , J. L. 2007a . “ Methodological review and evaluation of research in expert performance in sport ” . In Handbook of sport psychology , Edited by: Tenenbaum , G. and Eklund , R. C. 161 – 183 . New York : Wiley .
   Google Scholar
• Hodges , N. J. , Starkes , J. L. and MacMahon , C. 2006 . “ Expert performance in sport: A cognitive perspective ” . In The Cambridge handbook of expertise and expert performance , Edited by: Ericsson , K. A. , Charness , N. , Feltovich , P. J. and Hoffman , R. R. 471 – 489 . New York : Cambridge University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Hodges , N. J. , Williams , A. M. , Horn , R. R. and Breslin , G. 2007b . What is modelled during observational learning? . Journal of Sports Sciences , 25 : 531 – 545 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Horn , R. R. and Williams , A. M. 2004 . “ Observational learning: Is it time we took another look? ” . In Skill acquisition in sport: Research, theory and practice , Edited by: Williams , A. M. and Hodges , N. J. 175 – 207 . London : Routledge .
   Google Scholar
• Law , M. , Côté , J. and Ericsson , K. A. 2007 . Characteristics of expert development in rhythmic gymnastics: A retrospective study . International Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology , 5 : 82 – 103 .
   Google Scholar
• Lyle , J. W. 1999 . The coaching process: An overview , Woburn, MA : Reed Educational and Professional Publishing .
   Google Scholar
• Magill , R. 2006 . Motor learning: Concepts and applications , New York : McGraw-Hill .
   Google Scholar
• Martell , S. and Vickers , J. N. 2004 . Gaze characteristics of elite and near-elite ice hockey players . Human Movement Science , 22 : 689 – 712 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Masters , R. W. 2000 . Theoretical aspects of implicit learning in sport . International Journal of Sport Psychology , 31 : 530 – 541 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Masters , R. W. and Maxwell , J. P. 2004 . “ Implicit motor learning, reinvestment and movement disruption: What you don't know won't hurt you ” . In Skill acquisition in sport: Research, theory and practice , Edited by: Williams , A. M. and Hodges , N. J. 207 – 228 . London : Routledge .
   Google Scholar
• Musch , J. and Grondin , S. 2001 . Unequal competition as an impediment to personal development: A review of the relative age effect in sport . Developmental Review , 21 : 147 – 167 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Owen , S. 2007 . Talent swap shop offers athletes chance to chase Olympic dream . The Times , 16 February (accessed 5 November 2007 from: http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/sport/london_2012/article1392300.ece)
   Google Scholar
• Reilly , T. , Williams , A. M. , Nevill , A. and Franks , A. 2000 . A multidisciplinary approach to talent identification in soccer . Journal of Sports Sciences , 18 : 695 – 702 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Robertson-Wilson , J. , Baker , J. , Derbyshire , E. and Côté , J. 2003 . Childhood physical activity involvement in active and inactive female adults . Avante , 9 : 1 – 8 .
   Google Scholar
• Schmidt , R. A. and Lee , T. A. 2005 . Motor control and learning: A behavioural emphasis , (4th edn.) , Champaign, IL : Human Kinetics .
   Google Scholar
• Sherar , L. B. , Baxter-Jones , A. D. G. , Faulkner , R. A. and Russell , K. W. 2007 . Do physical maturity and birth date predict talent in male youth ice hockey players? . Journal of Sports Sciences , 25 : 879 – 886 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Simon , D. A. and Bjork , R. A. 2001 . Metacogntion in motor learning . Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory and Cognition , 27 : 907 – 912 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Smeeton , N. , Ward , P. and Williams , A. M. 2004 . Transfer of perceptual skill in sport . Journal of Sports Sciences , 19 : 3 – 9 .
   Google Scholar
• Smeeton , N. J. , Williams , A. M. , Hodges , N. J. and Ward , P. 2005 . The relative effectiveness of explicit instruction, guided-discovery and discovery learning techniques in enhancing perceptual skill in sport . Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied , 11 : 98 – 110 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Soberlak , P. and Côté , J. 2003 . The developmental activities of professional ice hockey players . Journal of Applied Sport Psychology , 15 : 41 – 49 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vaeyens , R. , Lenoir , M. , Williams , A. M. and Philippaerts , R. M. 2008 . Talent identification and development programmes in sport . Sports Medicine , 38 : 703 – 714 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vickers , J. N. 1996 . Visual control when aiming at a far target . Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance , 22 : 342 – 353 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vickers , J. N. 2006 . Gaze of Olympic speed skaters while skating at full speed on a regulation oval: Perception–action coupling in a dynamic performance environment . Cognitive Processing , 7 ( suppl. 1 ) : S102 – S105 .
   Google Scholar
• Vickers , J. N. 2007 . Perception, cognition and decision training: The quiet eye in action , Champaign, IL : Human Kinetics .
   Google Scholar
• Vickers , J. N. and Williams , A. M. 2007 . Why some choke and others don't! . Journal of Motor Behavior , 39 : 381 – 394 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ward , P. , Farrow , D. , Harris , K. , Williams , A. M. , Eccles , D. W. and Ericsson , K. A. 2008 . Training perceptual-cognitive skill: Applications from sports research to the military . Military Psychology , 20 : S71 – S102 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ward , P. , Hodges , N. J. , Williams , A. M. and Starkes , J. 2004 . “ Deliberate practice and expert performance: Defining the path to excellence ” . In Skill acquisition in sport: Research, theory and practice , Edited by: Williams , A. M. and Hodges , N. J. 231 – 258 . London : Routledge .
   Google Scholar
• Ward , P. , Williams , A. M. and Hancock , P. 2006 . “ Simulation for performance and training ” . In The Cambridge handbook of expertise and expert performance , Edited by: Ericsson , K. A. , Hoffman , P. , Charness , N. and Feltovich , P. 243 – 262 . Cambridge : Cambridge University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Wattie , N. , Cobley , S. and Baker , J. 2008 . Towards a unified understanding of relative age effects . Journal of Sports Sciences , 26 : 1403 – 1409 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Williams , A. M. 2000 . Perceptual skill in soccer: Implications for talent identification and development . Journal of Sports Sciences , 18 : 737 – 740 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Williams , A. M. and Ericsson , K. A. 2005 . Some considerations when applying the expert performance approach in sport . Human Movement Science , 24 : 283 – 307 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Williams , A. M. and Ford , P. R. 2008 . Expertise and expert performance in sport . International Review of Sport and Exercise Psychology , 1 : 4 – 18 .
   Google Scholar
• Williams A. M. Hodges N. J. 2004 Skill acquisition in sport: Research, theory and practice London Routledge
   Google Scholar
• Williams , A. M. and Hodges , N. J. 2005 . Practice, instruction and skill acquisition: Challenging tradition . Journal of Sports Sciences , 23 : 637 – 650 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Williams , A. M. , Janelle , C. J. and Davids , K. 2004 . Constraints on visual behavior in sport . International Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology , 2 : 301 – 318 .
   Google Scholar
• Williams , A. M. and Reilly , T. 2000 . Talent identification and development in soccer . Journal of Sports Sciences , 18 : 657 – 667 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Williams , A. M. and Ward , P. 2003 . “ Developing perceptual expertise in sport ” . In Expert performance in sports: Advances in research on sport expertise , Edited by: Starkes , J. L. and Ericsson , K. A. 220 – 249 . Champaign, IL : Human Kinetics .
   Google Scholar
• Williams , A. M. and Ward , P. 2007 . “ Perceptual-cognitive expertise in sport: Exploring new horizons ” . In Handbook of sport psychology , Edited by: Tenenbaum , G. and Eklund , R. 203 – 223 . New York : Wiley . 3rd edn
   Google Scholar
• Williams , A. M. , Ward , P. , Knowles , J. M. and Smeeton , N. 2002 . Perceptual skill in real-world tasks: Training, instruction, and transfer . Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied , 8 : 259 – 270 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Williams , A. M. , Ward , P. , Smeeton , N. J. and Ward , J. 2008 . Task specificity, role, and anticipation skill in soccer . Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport , 79 : 428 – 433 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wulf , G. 2007 . Attention and motor skill learning , Champaign, IL : Human Kinetics .
   Google Scholar
• Wulf , G. and Prinz , W. 2001 . Directing attention to movement effects enhances learning: A review . Psychonomic Bulletin and Review , 8 : 648 – 660 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wulf , G. and Shea , C. H. 2004 . “ Understanding the role of augmented feedback: The good, the bad, and the ugly ” . In Skill acquisition in sport: Research, theory and practice , Edited by: Williams , A. M. and Hodges , N. J. 121 – 144 . London : Routledge .
   Google Scholar