Profile of isokinetic eccentric-to-concentric strength ratios of shoulder rotator muscles in elite female team handball players

References

• Aagaard , P. , Simonsen , E. B. , Trolle , M. , Bangsbo , J. and Klausen , K. 1996 . Specificity of training speed and training load on gains in isokinetic knee joint strength . Acta Physiologica Scandinavica , 156 : 123 – 129 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Alfredson , H. , Pietilä , T. and Lorentzon , R. 1998 . Concentric and eccentric shoulder and elbow muscle strength in female volleyball players and non-active females . Scandinavian Journal of Medicine and Science in Sports , 8 : 265 – 270 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Aydin , T. , Yildiz , C. and Kalyon , T. A. 2001 . The stretch–shortening cycle of the internal rotators muscle group measured by isokinetic dynamometer . Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness , 41 : 371 – 376 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bak , K. and Magnusson , S. P. 1997 . Shoulder strength and range of motion in symptomatic and pain-free elite swimmers . American Journal of Sports Medicine , 25 : 454 – 459 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bayios , I. A. , Anastasopoulou , E. M. , Sioudris , D. S. and Boudolos , K. D. 2001 . Relationship between isokinetic strength of the internal and external shoulder rotators and ball speed in team handball . Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness , 41 : 229 – 235 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brown , L. P. , Niehues , S. L. , Harrah , A. , Yavorsky , P. and Hirshman , H. P. 1988 . Upper extremity range of motion and isokinetic strength of the internal and external shoulder rotators in major league baseball players . American Journal of Sports Medicine , 16 : 577 – 585 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Codine , P. , Bernard , P. L. , Pocholle , M. , Benaim , C. and Brun , V. 1997 . Influence of sports discipline on shoulder rotator cuff balance . Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise , 29 : 1400 – 1405 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dillman , C. J. , Fleisig , G. S. and Andrews , J. R. 1993 . Biomechanics of pitching with emphasis upon shoulder kinematics . Journal of Orthopaedic and Sports Physical Therapy , 8 : 402 – 408 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ellenbecker , T. S. , Davies , G. J. and Rowinski , M. J. 1988 . Concentric versus eccentric isokinetic strengthening of the rotator cuff . American Journal of Sports Medicine, 16 , : 64 – 69 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Escamilla , R. F. , Fleisig , G. S. , Zheng , N. , Barrentine , S. W. and Andrews , J. R. 2001 . Kinematic comparisons of 1996 Olympic baseball pitchers . Journal of Sports Sciences , 19 : 668 – 676 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Feltner , M. and Dapena , J. 1986 . Dynamics of shoulder and elbow joints of the throwing arm during a baseball pitch . International Journal of Sports Biomechanics , 2 : 235 – 259 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fleisig , G. S. , Dillman , C. J. and Andrews , J. R. 1994 . “ Biomechanics of shoulder during throwing ” . In The athlete's shoulders , Edited by: Andrews , J. R. and Wilk , K. E. 355 – 368 . New York : Churchill Livingstone .
   Google Scholar
• Glousman , R. , Jobe , F. , Tibone , J. , Moynes , D. , Antonelli , D. and Perry , J. 1988 . Dynamic electromyographic analysis of the throwing shoulder with glenohumeral instability . Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery A , 70 : 220 – 226 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Greenfield , B. H. , Donatelli , R. , Wooden , M. J. and Wilkes , J. 1990 . Isokinetic evaluation of shoulder rotational strength between the plane of scapula and the frontal plane . American Journal of Sports Medicine , 18 : 124 – 128 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hancock , R. E. and Hawkins , R. J. 1996 . Application of electromyography in the throwing shoulder . Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research , 330 : 84 – 97 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hutchinson , M. R. , Laprade , R. F. , Burnett , Q. M. II , Moss , R. and Terpstra , J. 1995 . Injury surveillance at the USTA Boys' Tennis Championships: A 6-yr study . Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise , 27 : 826 – 830 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ivey , F. M. , Calhoun , J. H. , Rusche , K. and Bierschenk , J. 1985 . Isokinetic testing shoulder strength: Normal values . Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation , 66 : 384 – 386 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jobe , C. M. 1998 . “ Gross anatomy of the shoulder ” . In The shoulder , Edited by: Rockwood , C. A. and Matsen , F. A. 34 – 97 . Philadelphia, PA : Saunders .
   Google Scholar
• Jöris , H. J. , van Muyen , A. J. , van Ingen Schenau , G. J. and Kemper , H. C. 1985 . Force, speed and energy flow during the overarm throw in female handball players . Journal of Biomechanics , 18 : 409 – 414 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kronberg , M. , Nemeth , G. and Brostrom , L. A. 1990 . Muscle activity and coordination in the normal shoulder: An electromyographic study . Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research , 57 : 76 – 85 .
   Google Scholar
• Leroux , J. L. , Codine , E. , Thomas , M. , Pocholle , M. , Mailhe , D. and Blotman , F. 1994 . Isokinetic evaluation of rotational strength in normal shoulder and shoulder with impingement syndrome . Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research , 304 : 108 – 115 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McMaster , W. C. , Long , S. C. and Caiozzo , V. J. 1991 . Isokinetic torque imbalances in the rotator cuff of the elite water polo player . American Journal of Sports Medicine , 19 : 72 – 75 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McMaster , W. C. , Long , S. C. and Caiozzo , V. J. 1992 . Torque changes in swimming athletes . American Journal of Sports Medicine , 20 : 323 – 327 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mikesky , A. E. , Edwards , J. E. and Wigglesworth , J. K. 1995 . Eccentric and concentric strength of the shoulder and arm musculature in collegiate baseball pitchers . American Journal of Sports Medicine , 23 : 638 – 642 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Noffal , G. 2003 . Isokinetic eccentric-to-concentric strength ratios of the shoulder rotator muscles in throwers and nonthrowers . American Journal of Sports Medicine , 31 : 537 – 541 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Norton , K. and Olds , T. 2001 . Morphological evolution of athletes over the 20th century: Causes and consequences . Sports Medicine , 31 : 763 – 783 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ostering , L. R. 2000 . “ Assessing human performance ” . In Isokinetics in human performance , Edited by: Brown , L. E. 77 – 96 . Champaign, IL : Human Kinetics .
   Google Scholar
• Otis , J. C. , Warren , R. F. , Backus , S. I. , Santner , T. J. and Mabrey , J. D. 1990 . Torque production in the shoulder of the normal young adult male . American Journal of Sports Medicine , 18 : 119 – 124 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• R Development Core Team. (2006). R: A Language and environment for statistical computing. Vienna, Austria: R Foundation for Statistical Computing
   Google Scholar
• Scoville , C. R. , Arciero , R. A. , Taylor , D. C. and Stoneman , P. D. 1997 . End range eccentric antagonist/concentric agonist strength ratios: A new perspective in shoulder strength assessment . Journal of Orthopaedic and Sports Physical Therapy , 25 : 203 – 207 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Silva , R. T. , Gracitelli , G. C. , Saccol , M. F. , Laurino , C. F. , Silva , A. C. and Braga-Silva , J. L. 2006 . Shoulder strength profile in elite junior tennis players: Horizontal adduction and abduction isokinetic evaluation . British Journal of Sports Medicine , 40 : 513 – 517 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang , H. K. , Macfarlane , A. and Cochrane , T. 2000 . Isokinetic performance and shoulder mobility in elite volleyball athletes from the United Kingdom . British Journal of Sports Medicine , 34 : 39 – 43 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Warner , J. J. , Micheli , L. J. , Arslanian , L. E. , Kennedy , J. and Kennedy , R. 1990 . Patterns of flexibility, laxity and strength in normal shoulders and shoulders with instability and impingement . American Journal of Sports Medicine , 18 : 366 – 375 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wilk , K. E. , Andrews , J. R. , Arrigo , C. A. , Keirns , M. A. and Erber , D. J. 1993 . The strength characteristics of internal and external rotator muscles in professional baseball pitchers . American Journal of Sports Medicine , 21 : 61 – 66 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wilk , K. E. and Arrigo , C. A. 1994 . “ Isokinetic exercise and testing for shoulder ” . In The athlete's shoulders , Edited by: Andrews , J. R. and Wilk , K. E. 523 – 542 . New York : Churchill Livingstone .
   Google Scholar
• Yildiz , Y. , Aydin , T. , Sekir , U. , Kiralp , M. Z. , Hazneci , B. and Kalyon , T. A. 2006 . Shoulder terminal range eccentric antagonist/concentric agonist strength ratios in overhead athletes . Scandinavian Journal of Medicine and Science in Sports , 16 : 174 – 180 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar