Effect of hip flexion angle on hamstring optimum length after a single set of concentric contractions

References

• Agre , J. C. 1985 . Hamstring injuries. Proposed aetiological factors, prevention, and treatment . Sports Medicine , 2 ( 1 ) : 21 – 33 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Alonso , J. M. , Edouard , P. , Fischetto , G. , Adams , B. , Depiesse , F. and Mountjoy , M. 2012 . Determination of future prevention strategies in elite track and field: Analysis of Daegu 2011 IAAF Championships injuries and illnesses surveillance . British Journal of Sports Medicine , 46 ( 7 ) : 505 – 514 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Askling , C. , Karlsson , J. and Thorstensson , A. 2003 . Hamstring injury occurrence in elite soccer players after preseason strength training with eccentric overload . Scandinavian Journal of Medicine and Science in Sports , 13 ( 4 ) : 244 – 250 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bigland-Ritchie , B. and Woods , J. J. 1984 . Changes in muscle contractile properties and neural control during human muscular fatigue . Muscle and Nerve , 7 ( 9 ) : 691 – 699 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Blazevich , A. J. , Cannavan , D. , Coleman , D. R. and Horne , S. 2007 . Influence of concentric and eccentric resistance training on architectural adaptation in human quadriceps muscles . Journal of Applied Physiology , 103 ( 5 ) : 1565 – 1575 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bosquet , L. , Maquet , D. , Forthomme , B. , Nowak , N. , Lehance , C. and Croisier , J. L. 2010 . Effect of the lengthening of the protocol on the reliability of muscle fatigue indicators . International Journal of Sports Medicine , 31 ( 2 ) : 82 – 88 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bowers , E. J. , Morgan , D. L. and Proske , U. 2004 . Damage to the human quadriceps muscle from eccentric exercise and thetraining effect . Journal of Sports Sciences , 22 ( 11–12 ) : 1005 – 1014 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brockett , C. L. , Morgan , D. L. and Proske , U. 2001 . Human hamstring muscles adapt to eccentric exercise by changing optimum length . Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise , 33 ( 5 ) : 783 – 790 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brockett , C. L. , Morgan , D. L. and Proske , U. 2004 . Predicting hamstring strain injury in elite athletes . Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise , 36 ( 3 ) : 379 – 387 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brooks , J. H. , Fuller , C. W. , Kemp , S. P. and Reddin , D. B. 2005a . Epidemiology of injuries in English professional rugby union: Part 1 match injuries . British Journal of Sports Medicine , 39 ( 10 ) : 757 – 766 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brooks , J. H. , Fuller , C. W. , Kemp , S. P. and Reddin , D. B. 2005b . Epidemiology of injuries in English professional rugby union: Part 2 training injuries . British Journal of Sports Medicine , 39 ( 10 ) : 767 – 775 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brughelli , M. and Cronin , J. 2008 . Preventing hamstring injuries in sport . Strength and Conditioning Journal , 30 ( 1 ) : 55 – 64 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Butterfield , T. A. and Herzog , W. 2005 . Is the force-length relationship a useful indicator of contractile element damage following eccentric exercise? . Journal of Biomechanics , 38 ( 9 ) : 1932 – 1937 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chleboun , G. S. , France , A. R. , Crill , M. T. , Braddock , H. K. and Howell , J. N. 2001 . In vivo measurement of fascicle length and pennation angle of the human biceps femoris muscle . Cells, Tissues, Organs , 169 ( 4 ) : 401 – 409 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chumanov , E. S. , Heiderscheit , B. C. and Thelen , D. G. 2007 . The effect of speed and influence of individual muscles on hamstring mechanics during the swing phase of sprinting . Journal of Biomechanics , 40 ( 16 ) : 3555 – 3562 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chumanov , E. S. , Heiderscheit , B. C. and Thelen , D. G. 2011 . Hamstring musculotendon dynamics during stance and swing phases of high-speed running . Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise , 43 ( 3 ) : 525 – 532 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chumanov , E. S. , Schache , A. G. , Heiderscheit , B. C. and Thelen , D. G. 2012 . Hamstrings are most susceptible to injury during the late swing phase of sprinting . British Journal of Sports Medicine , 46 ( 2 ) : 90
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ekstrand , J. , Hagglund , M. and Walden , M. 2011 . Injury incidence and injury patterns in professional football: The UEFAinjury study . British Journal of Sports Medicine , 45 ( 7 ) : 553 – 558 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Elliott , M. C. , Zarins , B. , Powell , J. W. and Kenyon , C. D. 2011 . Hamstring muscle strains in professional football players: A 10-year review . The American Journal of Sports Medicine , 39 ( 4 ) : 843 – 850 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Glaister , M. , Stone , M. H. , Stewart , A. M. , Hughes , M. and Moir , G. L. 2004 . The reliability and validity of fatigue measures during short-duration maximal-intensity intermittent cycling . Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research / National Strength and Conditioning Association , 18 ( 3 ) : 459 – 462 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gordon , A. M. , Huxley , A. F. and Julian , F. J. 1966 . The variation in isometric tension with sarcomere length in vertebrate muscle fibres . The Journal of Physiology , 184 ( 1 ) : 170 – 192 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Green , S. 1995 . Measurement of anaerobic work capacities in humans . Sports Medicine , 19 ( 1 ) : 32 – 42 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Guex , K. , Gojanovic , B. and Millet , G. P. 2012 . Influence of hip-flexion angle on hamstrings isokinetic activity in sprinters . Journal of Athletic Training , 47 ( 4 ) : 390 – 395 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Harriss , D. J. and Atkinson , G. 2011 . Update–Ethical standards in sport and exercise science research . International Journal of Sports Medicine , 32 ( 11 ) : 819 – 821 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kannus , P. 1994 . Isokinetic evaluation of muscular performance: Implications for muscle testing and rehabilitation . International Journal of Sports Medicine , 15 ( 1 ) : S11 – 18 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kilgallon , M. , Donnelly , A. E. and Shafat , A. 2007 . Progressive resistance training temporarily alters hamstring torque-angle relationship . Scandinavian Journal of Medicine and Science in Sports , 17 ( 1 ) : 18 – 24 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Maffiuletti , N. A. , Bizzini , M. , Desbrosses , K. , Babault , N. and Munzinger , U. 2007 . Reliability of knee extension and flexion measurements using the Con-Trex isokinetic dynamometer . Clinical Physiology and Functional Imaging , 27 ( 6 ) : 346 – 353 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Malliaropoulos , N. , Mendiguchia , J. , Pehlivanidis , H. , Papadopoulou , S. , Valle , X. , Malliaras , P. and Maffulli , N. 2012 . Hamstring exercises for track and field athletes: Injury and exercise biomechanics, and possible implications for exercise selection and primary prevention . British Journal of Sports Medicine , 46 ( 12 ) : 846 – 851 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mjolsnes , R. , Arnason , A. , Osthagen , T. , Raastad , T. and Bahr , R. 2004 . A 10-week randomized trial comparing eccentric vs. concentric hamstring strength training in well-trained soccer players . Scandinavian Journal of Medicine and Science in Sports , 14 ( 5 ) : 311 – 317 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Morgan , D. L. 1990 . New insights into the behavior of muscle during active lengthening . Biophysical Journal , 57 ( 2 ) : 209 – 221 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Morgan , D. L. , Gregory , J. E. and Proske , U. 2004 . The influence of fatigue on damage from eccentric contractions in the gastrocnemius muscle of the cat . The Journal of Physiology , 561 ( 3 ) : 841 – 850 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Morgan , D. L. and Proske , U. 2004 . Popping sarcomere hypothesis explains stretch-induced muscle damage . Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology and Physiology , 31 ( 8 ) : 541 – 545 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Oliver , G. D. and Dougherty , C. P. 2009 . The razor curl: A functional approach to hamstring training . Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research / National Strength and Conditioning Association , 23 ( 2 ) : 401 – 405 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Orchard , J. and Seward , H. 2002 . Epidemiology of injuries in the Australian Football League, seasons 1997-2000 . British Journal of Sports Medicine , 36 ( 1 ) : 39 – 44 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Orchard , J. W. 2012 . Hamstrings are most susceptible to injury during the early stance phase of sprinting . British Journal of Sports Medicine , 46 ( 2 ) : 88 – 89 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Petersen , J. , Thorborg , K. , Nielsen , M. B. , Budtz-Jorgensen , E. and Holmich , P. 2011 . Preventive effect of eccentric training on acute hamstring injuries in men's soccer: A cluster-randomized controlled trial . The American Journal of Sports Medicine , 39 ( 11 ) : 2296 – 2303 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pincivero , D. M. , Gear , W. S. and Sterner , R. L. 2001 . Assessment of the reliability of high-intensity quadriceps femoris muscle fatigue . Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise , 33 ( 2 ) : 334 – 338 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Potier , T. G. , Alexander , C. M. and Seynnes , O. R. 2009 . Effects of eccentric strength training on biceps femoris muscle architecture and knee joint range of movement . European Journal of Applied Physiology , 105 ( 6 ) : 939 – 944 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Proske , U. , Morgan , D. L. , Brockett , C. L. and Percival , P. 2004 . Identifying athletes at risk of hamstring strains and how to protect them . Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology and Physiology , 31 ( 8 ) : 546 – 550 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schache , A. G. , Wrigley , T. V. , Baker , R. and Pandy , M. G. 2009 . Biomechanical response to hamstring muscle strain injury . Gait and Posture , 29 ( 2 ) : 332 – 338 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thelen , D. G. , Chumanov , E. S. , Best , T. M. , Swanson , S. C. and Heiderscheit , B. C. 2005 . Simulation of biceps femoris musculotendon mechanics during the swing phase of sprinting . Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise , 37 ( 11 ) : 1931 – 1938 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thelen , D. G. , Chumanov , E. S. , Hoerth , D. M. , Best , T. M. , Swanson , S. C. , Li , L. and Heiderscheit , B. C. 2005 . Hamstring muscle kinematics during treadmill sprinting . Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise , 37 ( 1 ) : 108 – 114 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Whitehead , N. P. , Morgan , D. L. , Gregory , J. E. and Proske , U. 2003 . Rises in whole muscle passive tension of mammalian muscle after eccentric contractions at different lengths . Journal of Applied Physiology , 95 ( 3 ) : 1224 – 1234 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Woods , C. , Hawkins , R. D. , Maltby , S. , Hulse , M. , Thomas , A. and Hodson , A. 2004 . The Football Association Medical Research Programme: An audit of injuries in professional football–analysis of hamstring injuries . British Journal of Sports Medicine , 38 ( 1 ) : 36 – 41 . & Football Association Medical Research Programme.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar