Angle-specific hamstring-to-quadriceps ratio: A comparison of football players and recreationally active males

References

• Aagaard, P., Simonsen, E. B., Magnusson, S. P., Larsson, B., & Dyhre-Poulsen, P. (1998). A new concept for isokinetic hamstring: Quadriceps muscle strength ratio. The American Journal of Sports Medicine, 26(2), 231–237.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Aagaard, P., Simonsen, E. B., Trolle, M., Bangsbo, J., & Klausen, K. (1995). Isokinetic hamstring/quadriceps strength ratio: Influence from joint angular velocity, gravity correction and contraction mode. Acta Physiologica Scandinavica, 154(4), 421–427.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• American College of Sports Medicine. Position stand. (2011). Quantity and quality of exercise for developing and maintaining cardiorespiratory, musculoskeletal, and neuromotor fitness in apparently healthy adults: Guidance for prescribing exercise. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 43, 1334–1359.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Arnason, A., Sigurdsson, B. S., Gudmundsson, A., Holme, I., Engebretsen, L., & Bahr, R. (2004). Risk factors for injuries in football. The American Journal of Sports Medicine, 32(90010), 5S–16.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Baltzopoulos, B., King, M., Gleeson, N., & De Ste Croix, M. (2012). The BASES expert statement on measurement of muscle strength with isokinetic dynamometry. The Sport and Exercise Scientist, 31, 12–13.
   Google Scholar
• Bennell, K., Wajswelner, H., Lew, P., Schall-Riaucour, A., Leslie, S., Plant, D., & Cirone, J. (1998). Isokinetic strength testing does not predict hamstring injury in Australian rules footballers. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 32, 309–314.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cometti, G., Maffiuletti, N. A., Pousson, M., Chatard, J.-C., & Maffulli, N. (2001). Isokinetic strength and anaerobic power of elite, subelite and amateur French soccer players. International Journal of Sports Medicine, 22(1), 45–51.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Craig, C. L., Marshall, A. L., Sjöström, M., Bauman, A. E., Booth, M. L., Ainsworth, B. E., … Oja, P. (2003). International physical activity questionnaire: 12-country reliability and validity. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise., 35(8), 1381–1395.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Croisier, J., Forthomme, B., Namurois, M.-H., Vanderthommen, M., & Criellaard, J.-M. (2002). Hamstring muscle strain recurrence and strength performance disorders. The American Journal of Sports Medicine, 30(2), 199–203.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Croisier, J.-L., Ganteaume, S., Binet, J., Genty, M., & Ferret, J.-M. (2008). Strength imbalances and prevention of hamstring injury in professional soccer players: A prospective study. The American Journal of Sports Medicine, 36(8), 1469–1475.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Delextrat, A., Gregory, J., & Cohen, D. (2010). The use of the functional H:Q ratio to assess fatigue in soccer. International Journal of Sports Medicine, 31, 192–197.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Engebretsen, A. H., Myklebust, G., Holme, I., Engebretsen, L., & Bahr, R. (2010). Intrinsic risk factors for hamstring injuries among male soccer players: A prospective cohort study. The American Journal of Sports Medicine, 38(6), 1147–1153.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ergün, M., Işlegen, C., & Taşkiran, E. (2004). A cross-sectional analysis of sagittal knee laxity and isokinetic muscle strength in soccer players. International Journal of Sports Medicine, 25(8), 594–598.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Forrester, S. E., Yeadon, M. R., King, M. A., & Pain, M. T. G. (2011). Comparing different approaches for determining joint torque parameters for isovelocity dynamometer measurements. Journal of Biomechanics, 44, 955–961.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fousekis, K., Τsepis, E., & Vagenas, G. (2010). Lower limb strength in professional soccer players: Profile, asymmetry, and training age. Journal of Sports Science and Medicine, 9, 364–373.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gabbe, B. J., Bennell, K. L., & Finch, C. F. (2006). Why are older Australian football players at greater risk of hamstring injury? Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport, 9(4), 327–333.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gabbe, B. J., Finch, C. F., Bennell, K. L., & Wajswelner, H. (2005). Risk factors for hamstring injuries in community level Australian football. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 39, 106–110.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Greco, C. C., Da Silva, W. L., Camarda, S. R., & Denadai, B. S. (2013). Fatigue and rapid hamstring/quadriceps force capacity in professional soccer players. Clinical Physiology and Functional Imaging, 33(1), 18–23.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Greig, M. (2008). The influence of soccer-specific fatigue on peak isokinetic torque production of the knee flexors and extensors. The American Journal of Sports Medicine, 36(7), 1403–1409.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Guex, K., Gojanovic, B., & Millet, G. P. (2012). Influence of hip-flexion angle on hamstrings isokinetic activity in sprinters. Journal of Athletic Training, 47, 390–395.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hägglund, M., Waldén, M., & Ekstrand, J. (2006). Previous injury as a risk factor for injury in elite football: A prospective study over two consecutive seasons. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 40(9), 767–772.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hägglund, M., Waldén, M., & Ekstrand, J. (2013). Risk factors for lower extremity muscle injury in professional soccer: The UEFA injury study. The American Journal of Sports Medicine, 41(2), 327–335.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hannah, R., Minshull, C., Smith, S. L., & Folland, J. P. (2014). Longer electromechanical delay impairs hamstrings explosive force versus quadriceps. Medicine and Science in Sports & Exercise, 46, 963–972.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Heiderscheit, B. C., Hoerth, D. M., Chumanov, E. S., Swanson, S. C., Thelen, B. J., & Thelen, D. G. (2005). Identifying the time of occurrence of a hamstring strain injury during treadmill running: A case study. Clinical Biomechanics, 20, 1072–1078.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Henderson, G., Barnes, C. A., & Portas, M. D. (2010). Factors associated with increased propensity for hamstring injury in English Premier League soccer players. Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport, 13, 397–402.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Iga, J., George, K., Lees, A., & Reilly, T. (2009). Cross-sectional investigation of indices of isokinetic leg strength in youth soccer players and untrained individuals. Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports, 19, 714–719.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Knapik, J. J., Wright, J. E., Mawdsley, R. H., & Braun, J. (1983). Isometric, isotonic, and isokinetic torque variations in four muscle groups through a range of joint motion. Physical Therapy, 63(6), 938–947.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Manini, T. M., Clark, B. C., Nalls, M. A., Goodpaster, B. H., Ploutz-Snyder, L. L., & Harris, T. B. (2007). Reduced physical activity increases intermuscular adipose tissue in healthy young adults. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 85(2), 377–384.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Newman, M. A., Tarpenning, K. M., & Marino, F. E. (2004). Relationships between isokinetic knee strength, single-sprint performance, and repeated-sprint ability in football players. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 18(4), 867–872.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Orchard, J. W. (2001). Intrinsic and extrinsic risk factors for muscle strains in Australian football. The American Journal of Sports Medicine, 29(3), 300–303.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pavol, M. J., & Grabiner, M. D. (2000). Knee strength variability between individuals across ranges of motion and hip angles. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 32(5), 985–992.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schwartz, F. P., Bottaro, M., Celes, R. S., Brown, L. E., & Nascimento, F. A. (2010). The influence of velocity overshoot movement artifact on isokinetic knee extension tests. Journal of Sports Science & Medicine, 9, 140–146.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Small, K., McNaughton, L., Greig, M., & Lovell, R. (2010). The effects of multidirectional soccer-specific fatigue on markers of hamstring injury risk. Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport, 13, 120–125.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tourny-Chollet, C., & Leroy, D. (2002). Conventional vs. dynamic hamstring-quadriceps strength ratios: A comparison between players and sedentary subjects. Isokinetics and Exercise Science, 10, 183–192.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Verrall, G. M., Slavotinek, J. P., Barnes, P. G., Fon, G. T., & Spriggins, A. J. (2001). Clinical risk factors for hamstring muscle strain injury: A prospective study with correlation of injury by magnetic resonance imaging. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 35, 435–439.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Woods, C., Hawkins, R. D., Maltby, S., Hulse, M., Thomas, A., & Hodson, A. (2004). The football association medical research programme: An audit of injuries in professional football – analysis of hamstring injuries. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 38, 36–41.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yeung, S. S., Suen, A. M., & Yeung, E. W. (2009). A prospective cohort study of hamstring injuries in competitive sprinters: Preseason muscle imbalance as a possible risk factor. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 43, 589–594.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zebis, M. K., Andersen, L. L., Ellingsgaard, H., & Aagaard, P. (2011). Rapid hamstring/quadriceps force capacity in male vs. female elite soccer players. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 25(7), 1989–1993.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar