610
Views
15
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Performance Analysis

Freestyle race pacing strategies (400 m) of elite able-bodied swimmers and swimmers with disability at major international championships

, &
Pages 1913-1920 | Accepted 08 Jan 2016, Published online: 08 Feb 2016

References

  • Abbiss, C. R., & Laursen, P. B. (2008). Describing and understanding pacing strategies during athletic competition. Sports Medicine, 38, 239–252. doi:10.2165/00007256-200838030-00004
  • Bailey, S. (2008). Athlete first: A history of the Paralympic movement. Chichester: John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
  • Burkett, B., & Mellifont, R. (2008). Sport science and coaching in Paralympic swimming. International Journal of Sports Science and Coaching, 3, 105–112. doi:10.1260/174795408784089324
  • Burkett, B., Mellifont, R., & Mason, B. (2010). The influence of swimming start components for selected Olympic and Paralympic swimmers. Journal of Applied Biomechanics, 2, 134–141.
  • Chen, I., Homma, H., Jin, C., & Yan, H. (2007). Identification of elite swimmers’ race patterns using cluster analysis. International Journal of Sports Science and Coaching, 2, 293–303. doi:10.1260/174795407782233083
  • Cohen, J. (1988). Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences (2nd Ed). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
  • Corbett, J. (2009). An analysis of the pacing strategies adopted by elite athletes during track cycling. International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance, 4, 195–205.
  • Daly, D., & Martens, J. (2011). Competitive swimming and disabilities. In L. Seifert, D. Chollet, & I. Mujika (Eds.), World book of swimming: From science to performance (pp. 459–480). New York, NY: Nova Science Publishers, Inc.
  • Dingley, A. A., Pyne, D. B., & Burkett, B. (2014). Phases of the swim-start in Paralympic swimmers are influenced by severity and type of disability. Journal of Applied Biomechanics, 30, 643–648. doi:10.1123/JAB.2013-0321
  • Field, A. (2013). Discovering statistics using IBM SPSS statistics (4th Ed). London: Sage.
  • Field, A., Miles, J., & Field, Z. (2012). Discovering statistics using R. London: Sage.
  • Foster, C., Schrager, M., Snyder, A. C., & Thompson, N. N. (1994). Pacing strategy and athletic performance. Sports Medicine, 17, 77–85. doi:10.2165/00007256-199417020-00001
  • Fulton, S. K., Pyne, D., Hopkins, W., & Burkett, B. (2009). Variability and progression in competitive performance of Paralympic swimmers. Journal of Sports Sciences, 27, 535–539. doi:10.1080/02640410802641418
  • Garland, S. (2005). An analysis of the pacing strategy adopted by elite competitors in 2000 m rowing. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 39, 39–42. doi:10.1136/bjsm.2003.010801
  • Maglischo, E. W. (2003). Swimming fastest. Leeds: Human Kinetics.
  • Makris, V. I., Yee, R. D., Langefeld, C. D., Chappell, A. S., & Slemenda, C. W. (1993). Visual-loss and performance in blind athletes. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 25, 265–269. doi:10.1249/00005768-199302000-00017
  • Malone, L., Daly, D. J., Vanderlandewijck, Y., & Steadward, R. (1998). Race analysis of the 400m freestyle at the 1996 Paralympic Games. In H. J. Riehle & M. M. Vieten (Eds.), XVI International Symposium on Biomechnaics in Sports (pp. 180–183). Konstanz: UVK-universiatatsverlag Konstanz Gmbh.
  • Mauger, A. R., Neuloh, J., & Castle, P. C. (2012). Analysis of pacing strategy selection in elite 400-m freestyle swimming. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 44, 2205–2212. doi:10.1249/MSS.0b013e3182604b84
  • Norusis, M. J. (2011). IBM SPSS Statistics 19 guide to data analysis. London: Pearson.
  • Oh, Y.-T., Burkett, B., Osborough, C., Formosa, D., & Payton, C. (2013). London 2012 Paralympic Swimming: Passive drag and the classification system. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 47, 838–843. doi:10.1136/bjsports-2013-092192
  • Richter, K. J., Adams-Mushett, C., Ferrara, M. S., & McCann, B. C. (1992). Integrated swimming classification: A faulted system. Adapted Physical Activity Quarterly, 9, 5–13.
  • Robertson, E. Y., Pyne, D. B., Hopkins, W. G., & Anson, J. (2009). Analysis of lap times in international swimming competitions. Journal of Sports Sciences, 27, 387–395. doi:10.1080/02640410802641400
  • Seiler, S., De Koning, J. J., & Foster, C. (2007). The fall and rise of the gender difference in elite anaerobic performance 1952-2006. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 39, 534–540. doi:10.1249/01.mss.0000247005.17342.2b
  • Skorski, S., Faude, O., Abbiss, C. R., Caviezel, S., Wengert, N., & Meyer, T. (2014a). Influence of pacing manipulation on performance of juniors in simulated 400 m swim competition. International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance, 9, 817–824. doi:10.1123/ijspp.2013-0469
  • Skorski, S., Faude, O., Caviezel, S., & Meyer, T. (2014b). Reproducibility of pacing profiles in elite swimmers. International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance, 9, 217–225. doi:10.1123/IJSPP.2012-0258
  • Thiel, C., Foster, C., Banzer, W., & De Koning, J. (2012). Pacing in Olympic track races: Competitive tactics versus best performance strategy. Journal of Sports Sciences, 30, 1107–1115. doi:10.1080/02640414.2012.701759
  • Thompson, K. G. (2014). Pacing: Individual strategies for optimal performance. Leeds: Human Kinetics.
  • Thompson, K. G., MacLaren, D. P., Lees, A., & Atkinson, G. (2003). The effect of even, positive and negative pacing on metabolic, kinematic and temporal variables during breaststroke swimming. European Journal of Applied Physiology, 88, 438–443. doi:10.1007/s00421-002-0715-0
  • Tor, E., Pease, D. L., & Ball, K. A. (2014). Key parameters of the swimming start and their relationship to start performance. Journal of Sports Sciences, 13, 1313–1321. doi:10.1080/02640414.2014.990486
  • Tucker, R., & Collins, M. (2010). The science of sex verification and athletic performance. International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance, 5, 127–139.
  • Tucker, R., Lambert, M. I., & Noakes, T. D. (2006). An analysis of pacing strategies during men’s world-record performances in track athletics. International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance, 4, 233–245.
  • Tweedy, S. M., Beckman, E. M., & Connick, M. J. (2014). Paralympic classification: Conceptual basis, current methods and research update. The Journal of Injury, Function and Rehabilitation, 6, S11–S17. doi:10.1016/j.pmrj.2014.04.013
  • Wu, S. K., & Williams, T. (1999). Paralympic swimming performance, impairment, and the functional classification system. Adapted Physical Activity Quarterly, 16, 251–270.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.