Spatiotemporal analysis of 3D kinematic asymmetry in professional cycling during an incremental test to exhaustion

References

• Bailey, M. P., Maillardet, F. J., & Messenger, N. (2003). Kinematics of cycling in relation to anterior knee pain and patellar tendinits. Journal of Sports Sciences, 21(8), 649–657. doi:10.1080/0264041031000102015
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bini, R., Dagnese, F., Rocha, E., Silveira, M., Carpes, F., & Mota, C. (2016). Three-dimensional kinematics of competitive and recreational cyclists across different workloads during cycling. European Journal of Sport Science, 16(5), 553–559. doi:10.1080/17461391.2015.1135984
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bini, R., Diefenthaeler, F., & Mota, C. (2010). Fatigue effects on the coordinative pattern during cycling: Kinetics and kinematics evaluation. Journal of Electromyography and Kinesiology, 20(1), 102–107. doi:10.1016/j.jelekin.2008.10.003
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bini, R., & Diefenthaler, F. (2010). Kinetics and kinematics analysis of incremental cycling to exhaustion. Sports Biomechanics, 9(4), 223–235. doi:10.1080/14763141.2010.540672
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bini, R., Diefenthaler, F., Carpes, F., & Mota, C. B. (2007). External work bilateral symmetry during incremental cycling exercise. XXV ISBS Symposium, Ouro Preto, Brazil.
   Google Scholar
• Bini, R., & Hume, P. A. (2014). Assessment of bilateral asymmetry in cycling using a commercial instrumented crank system and instrumented pedals. International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance, 9(5), 876–881. doi:10.1123/ijspp.2013-0494
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bini, R., Senger, D., Lanferdini, F., & Lopes, A. L. (2012). Joint kinematics assessment during cycling incremental test to exhaustion. Isokinetics and Exercise Science, 20(2), 99–105.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Black, A., Sanderson, D., & Henning, E. (1993). Kinematic and kinetic changes during an incremental exercise test on a bicycle ergometer. Paris, France: XIV International Society of Biomechanics.
   Google Scholar
• Buckeridge, E., Bull, A., & McGregor, A. (2015). Biomechanical determinants of elite rowing technique and performance. Scandinavian Journal of Medicine and Science in Sports, 25(2), 176–183. doi:10.1111/sms.12264
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Buckeridge, E., Hislop, S., Bull, A., & McGregor, A. (2012). Kinematic asymmetries of the lower limbs during ergometer rowing. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 44(11), 2147–2153. doi:10.1249/MSS.0b013e3182625231
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Carpes, F. P., Dagnese, F., Mota, C. B., & Stefanyshyn, D. J. (2009). Cycling with noncircular chainring system changes the three-dimensional kinematics of the lower limbs. Sports Biomechanics, 8(4), 275–283. doi:10.1080/14763140903414409
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Carpes, F. P., Mota, C. B., & Faria, I. E. (2010). On the bilateral asymmetry during running and cycling – A review considering leg preference. Physiscal Therapy in Sport, 11(4), 136–142. doi:10.1016/j.ptsp.2010.06.005
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Carpes, F. P., Rossato, M., Faria, I. E., & Mota, C. B. (2007a). Bilateral pedalling asymmetry during a simulated 40km cycling time-trial. Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness, 47(1), 51–57.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Carpes, F. P., Rossato, M., Faria, I. E., & Mota, C. B. (2007b). Influence of exercise intensity on bilateral pedaling symmetry. In M. Duarte & G.L. Almeida (Eds.), Progress in Motor Control IV (11th ed., Vol. 11, pp. s54-55). São Paulo: Human Kinetics.
   Google Scholar
• Cohen, J. (1988). Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences (2nd ed., pp. xxi, 567). Hillsdale, NJ: L. Erlbaum Associates.
   Google Scholar
• Crenshaw, S. J., & Richards, J. G. (2006). A method for analyzing joint symmetry and normalcy, with an application to analyzing gait. Gait & Posture, 24(4), 515–521. doi:10.1016/j.gaitpost.2005.12.002
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Daly, D. J., & Cavanagh, P. R. (1976). Asymmetry in bicycle ergometer pedalling. Medicine and Science in Sports, 8(3), 204–208.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• De Ruiter, C. J., De Korte, A., Schreven, S., & De Haan, A. (2010). Leg dominancy in relation to fast isometric torque production and squat jump height. European Journal of Applied Physiology, 108(2), 247–255. doi:10.1007/s00421-009-1209-0
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dingwell, J. B., Joubert, J. E., Diefenthaeler, F., & Trinity, J. D. (2008). Changes in muscle activity and kinematics of highly trained cyclists during fatigue. IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering, 55(11), 2666–2674. doi:10.1109/TBME.2008.2001130
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dunlap, W. (1999). A program to compute McGraw and Wong's common language effect size indicator. Behavior Research Methods, Instruments & Computers, 31(4), 706-709. doi:10.3758/BF03200750
   Google Scholar
• Edeline, O., Polin, D., Tourny-Chollet, C., & Weber, J. (2004). Effect of workload on bilateral pedalling kinematics in non-trained cyclists. Journal of Human Movement Studies, 46(6), 493–518.
   Google Scholar
• Fang, Y., Fitzhugh, E. C., Crouter, S. E., Gardner, J. K., & Zhang, S. (2016). Effects of workloads and cadences on frontal plane knee biomechanics in cycling. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 48(2), 260–266. doi:10.1249/MSS.0000000000000759
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fohanno, V., Nordez, A., Smith, R., & Colloud, F. (2015). Asymmetry in elite rowers: Effect of ergometer design and stroke rate. Sports Biomechanics, 14(3), 310–322. doi:10.1080/14763141.2015.1060252
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Garcia-Lopez, J., Diez-Leal, S., Larrazabal, J., & Ogueta-Alday, A. (2015). No bilateral asymmetry during pedalling in healthy cyclists of different performance levels. 33rd. Poitiers, France: ISBS.
   Google Scholar
• Gates, D. H., & Dingwell, J. B. (2008). The effects of neuromuscular fatigue on task performance during repetitive goal-directed movements. Experimental Brain Research, 187, 573–585. doi:10.1007/s00221-008-1326-8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gouwanda, D., & Senanayake, A. (2011). Identifying gait asymmetry using gyroscopes – A cross-correlation and normalized symmetry index approach. Journal of Biomechanics, 44(5), 972–978. doi:10.1016/j.jbiomech.2010.12.013
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gregersen, C. S., & Hull, M. L. (2003). Non-driving intersegmental knee moments in cycling computed using a model that includes three-dimensional kinematics of the shank/foot and the effect of simplifying assumptions. Journal of Biomechanics, 36(6), 803–813. doi:10.1016/S0021-9290(03)00014-9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Haddad, J. M., Van Emmerik, R. E. A., Whittlesey, S. N., & Hamill, J. (2006). Adaptations in interlimb and intralimb coordination to asymmetrical loading in human walking. Gait & Posture, 23(4), 429–434. doi:10.1016/j.gaitpost.2005.05.006
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Heiderscheit, B. C., Hamill, J., & Van Emmerik, E. A. (2002). Variability of stride characteristics and joint coordination among individuals with unilateral patellofemoral pain. Journal of Applied Biomechanics, 18, 110–121. doi:10.1123/jab.18.2.110
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hentschke, H., & Stüttgen, M. C. (2011). Computation of measures of effect size for neuroscience data sets. The European Journal of Neuroscience, 34(12), 1887–1894. doi:10.1111/j.1460-9568.2011.07902.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Herzog, W., Nigg, B. M., Read, L. J., & Olsson, E. (1989). Asymmetries in ground reaction force patterns in normal human gait. Medicine Science in Sports and Exercise, 21(1), 110–114. doi:10.1249/00005768-198902000-00020
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hreljac, A., & Ferber, R. (2006). A biomechanical perspective of predicting injury risk in running. International Sportmed Journal, 7(2), 98–108.
   Google Scholar
• Hug, F., & Dorel, S. (2009). Electromyographic analysis of pedaling: A review. Journal of Electromyography and Kinesiology, 19(2), 182–198. doi:10.1016/j.jelekin.2007.10.010
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lathrop-Lambach, R. L., Asay, J. L., Jamison, S. T., Pan, X., Schmitt, L. C., Blazek, K., & Chaudhari, A. M. W. (2014). Evidence for joint moment asymmetry in healthy populations during gait. Gait & Posture, 40(4), 526–531. doi:10.1016/j.gaitpost.2014.06.010
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li, L., & Caldwell, G. (1999). Coefficient of cross correlation and the time domain correspondence. Journal of Electromyography and Kinesiology, 9(6), 385–389. doi:10.1016/S1050-6411(99)00012-7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nigg, S., Vienneau, J., Maurer, C., & Nigg, B. M. (2013). Development of a symmetry index using discrete variables. Gait & Posture, 38(1), 115–119. doi:10.1016/j.gaitpost.2012.10.024
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nikodelis, T., Kollias, I., & Hatzitaki, V. (2005). Bilateral inter-arm coordination in freestyle swimming: Effect of skill level and swimming speed. Journal of Sports Sciences, 23(7), 737–745. doi:10.1080/02640410400021955
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pappas, E., & Carpes, F. P. (2012). Lower extremity kinematic asymmetry in male and female athletes performing jump-landing tasks. Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport, 15(1), 87–92. doi:10.1016/j.jsams.2011.07.008
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Park, K., Dankowicz, H., & Hsiao-Wecksler, E. (2012). Characterization of spatiotemporally complex gait patterns using cross-correlation signatures. Gait & Posture, 36(1), 120–126. doi:10.1016/j.gaitpost.2012.01.016
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Patterson, K. K., William, H. G., Brooks, D., Black, S. E., & McIlroy, W. E. (2010). Evaluation of gait symmetry after stroke: A comparison of current methods and recommendations for standardization. Gait & Posture, 31(2), 241–246. doi:10.1016/j.gaitpost.2009.10.014
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pohl, M. B., Messenger, N., & Buckley, J. G. (2006). Changes in foot lower limb coupling due to symmetric variations in step width. Clinical Biomechanics, 25(6), 552–556.
   Google Scholar
• Sanderson, D. J., & Black, A. (2003). The effect of prolonged cycling on pedal forces. Journal of Sports Sciences, 21(3), 191–199. doi:10.1080/0264041031000071010
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sayers, M., Tweddle, A., Every, J., & Wiegand, A. (2012). Changes in drive phase lower limb kinematics during a 60min cycling time trial. Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport, 15(2), 169–174. doi:10.1016/j.jsams.2011.09.002
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Smak, W., Neptune, R. R., & Hull., M. L. (1999). The influence of pedalling rate on bilateral asymmetry in cycling. Journal of Biomechanics, 32(9), 899–906. doi:10.1016/S0021-9290(99)00090-1
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sugiyama, T., Kameda, M., Kageyama, M., Kiba, K., Kanehisa, H., & Maeda, A. (2014). Asymmetry between the dominant and non-dominant legs in the kinematics of the lower extremities during a running single leg jump in collegiate basketball players. Journal of Sports Science and Medicine, 13(4), 951–957.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Umberger, B., & Martin, P. (2001). Testing the planar assumption during ergometer cycling. Journal of Applied Biomechanics, 17, 55–62. doi:10.1123/jab.17.1.55
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wu, G., & Cavanagh, P. (1995). ISB Recommendations for standardization in the reporting of kinematic data. Journal of Biomechanics, 28(10), 1257–1261. doi:10.1016/0021-9290(95)00017-C
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wu, G., Siegler, S., Allard, P., Kirtley, C., Leardini, A., Rosenbaum, D., & Stokes, I. (2002). ISB recommendation on definitions of joint coordinate system of various joints for the reporting of human joint motion—Part I: Ankle, hip, and spine. Journal of Biomechanics, 35(4), 543–548. doi:10.1016/S0021-9290(01)00222-6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yu, B., Gabriel, D., Noble, L., & An, K. N. (1999). Estimate the optimum cutoff frequency for the butterworth low-pass digital filter. Journal of Applied Biomechanics, 15(3), 319–329. doi:10.1123/jab.15.3.318
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zifchock, R. A., Davis, I., Higginson, J., & Royer, T. (2008). The symmetry angle: A novel, robust method of quantifying asymmetry. Gait & Posture, 27(4), 622–627. doi:10.1016/j.gaitpost.2007.08.006
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar