Pre-movement and during-movement visual search behaviours vary depending on expertise and anxiety levels in ten-pin bowling

References

• 2013 World Championships Men and Women, Henderson, Nevada, USA. (2013). World Bowling. Retrieved from https://www.worldbowling.org/events/championships/archive/
   Google Scholar
• 20th National Schools Tenpin Bowling Championship 2013. (2013, April). Orchid Bowl. Retrieved from http://www.orchidbowl.com.sg/index.php/events/past-events-results
   Google Scholar
• Causer, J., Bennett, S. J., Holmes, P. S., Janelle, C. M., & Williams, A. M. (2010). Quiet eye duration and gun motion in elite shotgun shooting. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 42(8), 1599–1608.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Causer, J., Holmes, P. S., Smith, N. C., & Williams, A. M. (2011). Anxiety, movement kinematics, and visual attention in elite-level performers. Emotion, 11(3), 595–602.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chia, S. J., Chow, J. Y., Kawabata, M., Dicks, M., & Lee, M. (2016, August). An exploratory analysis of variations in quiet eye duration within and between levels of expertise. International Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 15(3), 221-235.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chow, J. Y., Davids, K., Button, C., & Koh, M. (2007). Variation in coordination of a discrete multiarticular action as a function of skill level. Journal of Motor Behavior, 39, 463–479.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• De Oliveira, R. F., Huys, R., Oudejans, R., Van De Langenberg, R., & Beek, P. (2007). Basketball jump shooting is controlled online by vision. Experimental Psychology, 54(3), 180–186.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• De Oliveira, R. F., Oudejans, R. R., & Beek, P. J. (2008). Gaze behavior in basketball shooting: Further evidence for online visual control. Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport, 79(3), 399–404.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dicks, M., Button, C., Davids, K., Chow, J. Y., & Van Der Kamp, J. (2017). Keeping an eye on noisy movements: On different approaches to perceptual-motor skill research and training. Sports Medicine, 47(4), 575–581.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Eysenck, M. W., Derakshan, N., Santos, R., & Calvo, M. G. (2007). Anxiety and cognitive performance: Attentional control theory. Emotion,7(2), 336-353. doi:10.1037/1528-3542.7.2.336
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gibson, J. J. (1979). The ecological approach to visual perception. Hillsdale, NJ: LEA.
   Google Scholar
• Gonzalez, C. C., Causer, J., Miall, R. C., Grey, M. J., Humphreys, G., & Williams, A. M. (2015). Identifying the causal mechanisms of the quiet eye. European Journal of Sport Science, 1–11. doi:10.1080/17461391.2015.1075595
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hill, D. M., Hanton, S., Matthews, N., & Fleming, S. (2010). Choking in sport: A review. International Review of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 3(1), 24–39.
   Google Scholar
• Janelle, C. M. (2002). Anxiety, arousal and visual attention: A mechanistic account of performance variability. Journal of Sports Sciences, 20(3), 237–251.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kamp, J. V., Oudejans, R., & Savelsbergh, G. (2003). The development and learning of the visual control of movement: An ecological perspective. Infant Behavior and Development, 26(4), 495–515.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Klostermann, A., Kredel, R., & Hossner, E. (2013). The “quiet eye” and motor performance: Task demands matter! Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 39(5), 1270–1278.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Krane, V. (1994). The Mental Readiness Form as a measure of competitive state anxiety. Sport Psychologist, 189–202. doi:10.1123/tsp.8.2.189
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mackenzie, S. J., Foley, S. M., & Adamczyk, A. P. (2011). Visually focusing on the far versus the near target during the putting stroke. Journal of Sports Sciences, 29(12), 1243–1251.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mann, D. T. Y., Coombes, S. A., Mousseau, M. B., & Janelle, C. M. (2011). Quiet eye and the Bereitschaftspotential: Visuomotor mechanisms of expert motor performance. Cognitive Processing, 12(3), 223–234.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mann, D. T. Y., Williams, A. M., Ward, P., & Janelle, C. M. (2007). Perceptual-cognitive expertise in sport: A meta-analysis. Journal of Sport & Exercise Psychology, 29(4), 457–478.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nibbeling, N., Oudejans, R. R., & Daanen, H. A. (2012). Effects of anxiety, a cognitive secondary task, and expertise on gaze behavior and performance in a far aiming task. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 13(4), 427–435.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nieuwenhuys, A., & Oudejans, R. R. D. (2012). Anxiety and perceptual-motor performance: Toward an integrated model of concepts, mechanisms, and processes. Psychological Research, 76(6), 747–759.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Oudejans, R. R. D., & Nieuwenhuys, A. (2009). Perceiving and moving in sports and other high-pressure contexts. Progress in Brain Research, 174, 35–48.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Oudejans, R. R. D., Van De Langenberg, R. W., & Hutter, R. I. V. (2002). Aiming at a far target under different viewing conditions: Visual control in basketball jump shooting. Human Movement Science, 21(4), 457–480.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Panchuk, D., & Vickers, J. (2013). Expert visual perception. In D. Farrow, J. Baker, & C. MacMahon (Eds.), Developing sport expertise: Researchers and coaches put theory into practice (2nd). London: Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Rienhoff, R., Tirp, J., Strauß, B., Baker, J., & Schorer, J. (2016). The `quiet eye’ and motor performance: A systematic review based on Newell’s constraints-led model. Sports Medicine, 46(4), 589–603.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Singer, R. N. (2000). Performance and human factors: Considerations about cognition and attention for self-paced and externally-paced events. Ergonomics, 43(10), 1661–1680.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• USBC Coaching. (2005). Chapter 8: Lane play. Retrieved from http://www.athletics2000.com/andrew/Documents/USBC%20Chapter%2008%20Lane%20Play.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Vickers, J. N. (1992). Gaze control in putting. Perception, 21, 117–132.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vickers, J. N. (2007). Perception, cognition, and decision training: The quiet eye in action. Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics.
   Google Scholar
• Vickers, J. N. (2009). Advances in coupling perception and action: The quiet eye as a bidirectional link between gaze, attention, and action. Progress in Brain Research, 174, 279–288. Elsevier.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vickers, J. N. (2011). Mind over muscle: The role of gaze control, spatial cognition, and the quiet eye in motor expertise. Cognitive Processing, 12(3), 219–222.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vickers, J. N., Rodrigues, S., & Edworthy, G. (2000). Quiet eye and accuracy in the dart throw. International Journal of Sports Vision. Retrieved from http://scholar.google.com/scholar?hl=en&btnG=Search&q=intitle:Quiet+eye+and+accuracy+in+the+dart+throw#0
   Google Scholar
• Vine, S. J., Lee, D., Moore, L. J., & Wilson, M. R. (2013). Quiet eye and choking: Online control breaks down at the point of performance failure. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 45(10), 1988–1994.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vine, S. J., Moore, L. J., & Wilson, M. R. (2012). Quiet eye training: The acquisition, refinement and resilient performance of targeting skills. European Journal of Sport Science, 14, 235-242.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Williams, A. M., & Elliott, D. (1999). Anxiety, expertise, and visual search strategy in karate. Journal of Sport & Exercise Psychology, 21, 362–375.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Williams, A. M., Janelle, C. M., & Davids, K. (2004). Constraints on the search for visual information in sport. International Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 2(3), 301–318.
   Google Scholar
• Williams, A. M., Singer, R. N., & Frehlich, S. G. (2002). Quiet eye duration, expertise, and task complexity in near and far aiming tasks. Journal of Motor Behavior, 34(2), 197–207.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wilson, M. (2008). From processing efficiency to attentional control: A mechanistic account of the anxiety–Performance relationship. International Review of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 1(2), 184–201.
   Google Scholar
• Wilson, M., Causer, J., & Vickers, J. (2015). Aiming for excellence: The quiet eye as a characteristic of expertise. In J. Baker & D. Farrow (Eds.), Routledge handbook of sport expertise. London: Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Wilson, M., Smith, N. C., & Holmes, P. S. (2007). The role of effort in influencing the effect of anxiety on performance: Testing the conflicting predictions of processing efficiency theory and the conscious processing hypothesis. British Journal of Psychology, 98, 411–428.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wilson, M. R., Vine, S. J., & Wood, G. (2009). The influence of anxiety on visual attentional control in basketball free throw shooting. Journal of Sport & Exercise Psychology, 31(2), 152–168.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wilson, M. R., Wood, G., & Vine, S. J. (2009). Anxiety, attentional control, and performance impairment in penalty kicks. Journal of Sport & Exercise Psychology, 31(6), 761–775.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar