Inter-individual differences in stride frequencies during running obtained from wearable data

References

• Bailey, J., Mata, T., & Mercer, J. A. (2017). Is the relationship between stride length, frequency, and velocity influenced by running on a treadmill or overground? International Journal of Exercise Science, Nov 1;10(7), 1067–1075.
   Google Scholar
• Biewener, A. A., Farley, C. T., Roberts, T. J., & Temaner, M. (2004). Muscle mechanical advantage of human walking and running: Implications for energy cost. Journal of Applied Physiology (Bethesda, Md.: 1985), 97(6), 2266–2274.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Blickhan, R., Seyfarth, A., Geyer, H., Grimmer, S., Wagner, H., & Gunther, M. (2007). Intelligence by mechanics. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences, 365(1850), 199–220.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Boyer, E. R., & Derrick, T. R. (2015). Select injury-related variables are affected by stride length and foot strike style during running. American Journal of Sports Medicine, 43(9), 2310–2317.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cavagna, G. A., Legramandi, M. A., & Peyre-Tartaruga, L. A. (2008). The landing-take-off asymmetry of human running is enhanced in old age. Journal of Experimental Biology, 211(10), 1571–1578.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cavagna, G. A., Willems, P. A., Franzetti, P., & Detrembleur, C. (1991). The two power limits conditioning step frequency in human running. The Journal of Physiology, 437, 95–108.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cavanagh, P. R., & Williams, K. R. (1982). The effect of stride length on oxygen uptake during distance running. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 14(1), 30–35.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Clarke, T. E., Cooper, L. B., Hamill, C. L., & Clark, D. E. (1985). The effect of varied stride rate upon shank deceleration in running. Journal of Sports Sciences, 3(1), 41–49.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Connick, M. J., & Li, F. X. (2014). Changes in timing of muscle contractions and running economy with altered stride pattern during running. Gait and Posture, 39(1), 634–637.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Crowell, H. P, & Davis, I. S. (2011). Gait retraining to reduce lower extremity loading in runners. Clinical Biomechanics, 26(1) , 78–83.
   Google Scholar
• Daniels, J. (2013). In T. Hanlon, C. Marty, T. Wolpert, & P. MacDonald (Eds.), Daniels’ running formula (3nd ed.), Chapter 4. Mesa, Arizona: Human Kinetics Publishers, Inc.
   Google Scholar
• de Ruiter, C. J., Verdijk, P. W. L., Werker, W., Zuidema, M. J., & de Haan, A. (2013). Stride frequency in relation to oxygen consumption in experienced and novice runners. European Journal of Sport Science, 14(3), 37–41.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Derrick, T. R., Hamill, J., & Caldwell, G. E. (1998). Energy absorption of impacts during running at various stride lengths. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 30(1), 128–135.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Edwards, W. B., Taylor, D., Rudolphi, T. J., Gillette, J. C., & Derrick, T. R. (2010). Effects of stride length and running mileage on a probablistic stress fracture model. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 41(12), 2117–2184.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Elliott, B. C., & Blanksby, B. A. (1976). A cinematographic analysis of overground and treadmill running by males and females. Medicine and Science in Sports, 8(2), 84–87.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Farley, C., & Gonzalez, O. (1996). Leg stiffness and stride frequency in human running. Journal of Biomechanics, 29(2), 181–186.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gómez-Molina, J., Ogueta-Alday, A., Stickley, C., Cámara, J., Cabrejas-Ugartondo, J., & García-López, J. (2017). Differences in spatiotemporal parameters between trained runners and untrained participants. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 31(8), 2169–2175.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gray, A. J., Jenkins, D., Andrews, M. H., Taaffe, D. R., & Glover, M. L. (2010). Validity and reliability of GPS for measuring distance travelled in field-based team sports. Journal of Sports Sciences, 28(12), 1319–1325.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Heglund, N., & Taylor, C. (1988). Speed, stride frequency and energy costs per stride: How do they change with body size and gait? Journal of Experimental Biology, 318, 301–318.
   Google Scholar
• Heiderscheit, B. C., Chumanov, E. S., Michalski, M. P., Wille, C. M., & Ryan, M. B. (2011). Effects of step rate manipulation on joint mechanics during running. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 43(2), 296–302.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hobara, H., Sato, T., Sakaguchi, M., & Nakazawa, K. (2012). Step frequency and lower extremity loading during running. International Journal of Sports Medicine, 33(4), 310–313.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hunter, I., & Smith, G. A. (2007). Preferred and optimal stride frequency, stiffness and economy: Changes with fatigue during a 1-h high-intensity run. European Journal of Applied Physiology, 100(6), 653–661.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Le Meur, Y., Thierry, B., Rabita, G., Dorel, S., Honnorat, G., Brisswalter, J., & Hausswirth, C. (2013). Spring-mass behaviour during the run of an international triathlon competition. International Journal of Sports Medicine, 34(8), 748–755.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lenhart, R. L., Smith, C. R., Vignos, M. F., Kaiser, J., Heiderscheit, B. C., & Thelen, D. G. (2015). Influence of step rate and quadriceps load distribution on patellofemoral cartilage contact pressures during running. Journal of Biomechanics, 48(11):2871-2878.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lenhart, R. L., Thelen, D. G., & Heiderscheit, B. C. (2014). Hip muscle loads during running at various step rates. Journal of Orthopaedic & Sports Physical Therapy, 44(10), 766–774, A1–4.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lenhart, R. L., Thelen, D. G., Wille, C. M., Chumanov, E. S., & Heiderscheit, B. C. (2014). Increasing running step rate reduces patellofemoral joint forces. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 46(3), 0–1.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lieberman, D. E., Warrener, A. G., Wang, J., & Castillo, E. R. (2015). Effects of stride frequency and foot position at landing on braking force, hip torque, impact peak force and the metabolic cost of running in humans. Journal of Experimental Biology, 218(21), 3406–3414.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Marsh, R. L. (2004). Partitioning the energetics of walking and running: swinging the limbs is expensive. Science, 303(5654), 80–83.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mercer, J., & Dolgan, J. (2008). The physiological importance of preferred stride frequency during running at different speeds. JEPonline, 11(3), 26–32.
   Google Scholar
• Mercer, J. A., Vance, J., Hreljac, A., & Hamill, J. (2002). Relationship between shock attenuation and stride length during running at different velocities. European Journal of Applied Physiology, 87(4–5), 403–408.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mizrahi, J., Verbitsky, O., Isakov, E., & Daily, D. (2000). Effect of fatigue on leg kinematics and impact acceleration in long distance running. Human Movement Science, 19, 139–151.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moore, I. S., Jones, A. M., & Dixon, S. J. (2012). Mechanisms for improved running economy in beginner runners. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 44(9), 1756–1763.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Morin, J. B., Samozino, P., Zameziati, K., & Belli, A. (2007). Effects of altered stride frequency and contact time on leg-spring behavior in human running. Journal of Biomechanics, 40(15), 3341–3348.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nelson, R. C., & Gregor, R. J. (1976). Biomechanics of distance running: A longitudinal study. Research Quarterly of the American Alliance for Health, Physical Education and Recreation, 47(3), 417–428.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nummela, A., Keränen, T., & Mikkelsson, L. O. (2007). Factors related to top running speed and economy. International Journal of Sports Medicine, 28(8), 655–661.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Oliveira, A. S., Gizzi, L., Ketabi, S., Farina, D., & Kersting, U. G. (2016). Modular control of treadmill vs overground running. PloS one, 11(4), 1–19.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Padulo, J., Annino, G., Migliaccio, G. M., D’Ottavio, S., & Tihanyi, Z. (2011). Kinematics of running at different slopes and speeds. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 26(5), 1331-1339.
   Google Scholar
• Plagenhoef, S., Evans, F. G., & Abdelnour, T. (1983). Anatomical data for analysing human motion. Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport, 54(2), 169–178.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rawstorn, J. C., Maddison, R., Ali, A., Foskett, A., & Gant, N. (2014). Rapid directional change degrades GPS distance measurement validity during intermittent intensity running. PloS one, 9(4), 1–6.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Riley, P. O., Dicharry, J., Franz, J., Della, C. U., Wilder, R. P., & Kerrigan, D. C. (2008). A kinematics and kinetic comparison of overground and treadmill running. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 40(6), 1093–1100.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Salo, A. I. T., Bezodis, I. N., Batterham, A. M., & Kerwin, D. G. (2011). Elite Sprinting. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 43(6), 1055–1062.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Scott, M. T. U., Scott, T. J., & Kelly, V. G. (2016). The validity and reliability of global positioning systems in team sport. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 30(5), 1470–1490.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Seay, J., Selbie, W. S., & Hamill, J. (2008). In vivo lumbo-sacral forces and moments during constant speed running at different stride lengths. Journal of Sports Sciences, 26(14), 1519–1529.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Snyder, K. L., & Farley, C. T. (2011). Energetically optimal stride frequency in running: The effects of incline and decline. The Journal of Experimental Biology, 214(Pt 12), 2089–2095.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Srinivasan, M., & Ruina, A. (2006). Computer optimization of a minimal biped model discovers walking and running. Nature, 439(7072), 72–75.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Svedenhag, J., & Sjodin, B. (1994). Body-mass-modified running economy and step length in elite male middle- and long-distance runners. International Journal of Sports Medicine, 15(6), 305–310.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Taylor, C. R., Heglund, N. C., McMahon, T. A., & Looney, T. R. (1980). Energetic cost of generating muscular force during running: A comparison of large and small animals. The Journal of Experimental Biology, 86(1), 9–18.
   Google Scholar
• Terrell, G. R. (1990). The maximal smoothing principle in density estimation. Journal of the American Statistical Association, 85(410), 470–477.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• van Oeveren, B. T., De Ruiter, C. J., Beek, P. J., Rispens, S. M., & van Dieën, J. H. (2018). An adaptive, real-time cadence algorithm for unconstrained sensor placement. Medical Engineering & Physics, 52, 49-58.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Van Oeveren, B. T., De Ruiter, C. J., Beek, P. J., & Van Dieën, J. H. (2017). Optimal stride frequencies in running at different speeds. PloS one, 12(10), 1–12.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Varley, M. C., Fairweather, I. H., & Aughey, R. J. (2012). Validity and reliability of GPS for measuring instantaneous velocity during acceleration, deceleration, and constant motion. Journal of Sports Sciences, 30(2), 121–127.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Weyand, P. G., Sternlight, D. B., Bellizzi, M. J., & Wright, S. (2000). Faster top running speeds are achieved with greater ground forces not more rapid leg movements. Journal of Applied Physiology (Bethesda, Md. : 1985), 89(5), 1991–1999.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Willson, J. D., & Kernozek, T. W. (1999). Plantar loading and cadence alterations with fatigue. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 31, 12.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Witte, T. H., & Wilson, A. M. (2004). Accuracy of non-differential GPS for the determination of speed over ground. Journal of Biomechanics, 37(12), 1891–1898.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• World Medical Association (WMA). (2013). WMA DECLARATION OF HELSINKI 1975 – Ethical Principles for Scientic Requirements and Research Protocols, (June 1964), 29–32.
   Google Scholar