References
- Aires, L., Mendonca, D., Silva, G., Gaya, A. R., Santos, M. P., Ribeiro, J. C., & Mota, J. (2010). A 3-year longitudinal analysis of changes in body mass index. International Journal of Sports Medicine, 31(2), 133–137. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0029-1243255
- American Academy of Pediatrics. (2016). Media-use in school-aged children and adolescents. Pediatrics, 138(5), e20162592. https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2016-2592
- Armstrong, N., & Welsman, J. (2019a). Sex-specific longitudinal modeling of youth peak oxygen uptake. Pediatric Exercise Science, 31(2), 204–212. https://doi.org/10.1123/pes.2018-0175
- Armstrong, N., & Welsman, J. (2019b). Development of peak oxygen uptake from 11-16 years determined using both treadmill and cycle ergometry. European Journal of Applied Physiology, 119(3), 801–812. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00421-019-04071-3
- Armstrong, N., Welsman, J. R., & Kirby, B. J. (2000). Longitudinal changes in 11-13-year-olds’ physical activity. Acta paediatrica, 89(7), 775–780. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1651-2227.2000.tb00384.x
- Castro-Pinero, J., Artero, E. G., Espana-Romero, V., Ortega, F. B., Sjostrom, M., Suni, J., & Ruiz, J. R. (2010). Criterion-related validity of field-based fitness tests in youth: A systematic review. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 44(13), 934–943. https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsm.2009.058321
- Ceaser, T. G., Fitzhugh, E. C., Thompson, D. L., & Bassett, D. R., Jr. (2013). Association of physical activity, fitness, and race: NHANES 1999-2004. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 45(2), 286–293. https://doi.org/10.1249/MSS.0b013e318271689e
- Charlton, R., Gravenor, M. B., Rees, A., Knox, G., Hill, R., Rahman, M. A., Jones, K., Christian, D., Baker, J. S., Stratton, G., & Brophy, S. (2014). Factors associated with low fitness in adolescents–a mixed methods study. BMC Public Health, 14, 764. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2458-14-764
- Cliff, D. P., Hesketh, K. D., Vella, S. A., Hinkley, T., Tsiros, M. D., Ridgers, N. D., Carver, A., Veitch, J., Parrish, A. M., Hardy, L. L., Plontikoff, R. C., Okely, A. D., Salmon, J., & Lubans, D. R. (2016). Objectively measured sedentary behaviour and health and development in children and adolescents: Systematic review and meta-analysis. Obesity Reviews, 17(4), 330–344. https://doi.org/10.1111/obr.12371
- Cole, T. J., Bellizzi, M. C., Flegal, K. M., & Dietz, W. H. (2000). Establishing a standard definition for child overweight and obesity worldwide: International survey. British Medical Journal, 320(7244), 1240–1243. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.320.7244.1240
- de Carvalho Souza Vieira, M., Boing, L., Leitao, A. E., Vieira, G., & Coutinho de Azevedo Guimaraes, A. (2018). Effect of physical exercise on the cardiorespiratory fitness of men-A systematic review and meta-analysis. Maturitas, 115, 23–30. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.maturitas.2018.06.006
- Dencker, M., & Andersen, L. B. (2011). Accelerometer-measured daily physical activity related to aerobic fitness in children and adolescents. Journal of Sports Science, 29(9), 887–895. https://doi.org/10.1080/02640414.2011.578148
- Dencker, M., Bugge, A., Hermansen, B., & Andersen, L. B. (2010). Objectively measured daily physical activity related to aerobic fitness in young children. Journal of Sports Science, 28(2), 139–145. https://doi.org/10.1080/02640410903460726
- Department for Communities and Local Government. (2015). English indices of deprivation 2015.
- Gutin, B., Yin, Z., Humphries, M. C., & Barbeau, P. (2005). Relations of moderate and vigorous physical activity to fitness and fatness in adolescents. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 81(4), 746–750. https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/81.4.746
- He, Q. Q., Wong, T. W., Du, L., Jiang, Z. Q., Yu, T. S. I., Qiu, H., Gao, Y., Liu, W.-J., & Wu, J.-G. (2011). Physical activity, cardiorespiratory fitness, and obesity among Chinese children. Preventive Medicine, 52(2), 109–113. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ypmed.2010.11.005
- Hidding, L. M., Chinapaw, M. J. M., van Poppel, M. N. M., Mokkink, L. B., & Altenburg, T. M. (2018). An updated systematic review of childhood physical activity questionnaires. Sports Medicine, 48(12), 2797–2842. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-018-0987-0
- Janz, K. F., Dawson, J. D., & Mahoney, L. T. (2000). Tracking physical fitness and physical activity from childhood to adolescence: The muscatine study. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 32(7), 1250–1257. https://doi.org/10.1097/00005768-200007000-00011
- Kowalski, K. C., Crocker, P., & Kowalski, N. P. (1997). Convergent validity of the physical activity questionnaire for adolescents. Pediatric Exercise Science, 9(4), 342–352. https://doi.org/10.1123/pes.9.4.342
- Leger, L. A., Mercier, D., Gadoury, C., & Lambert, J. (1988). The multistage 20 metre shuttle run test for aerobic fitness. Journal of Sports Science, 6(2), 93–101. https://doi.org/10.1080/02640418808729800
- Mayorga-Vega, D., Aguilar-Soto, P., & Viciana, J. (2015). Criterion-related validity of the 20-M shuttle run test for estimating cardiorespiratory fitness: A meta-analysis. Journal of Sports Science & Medicine, 14(3), 536–547. Retrieved from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4541117/
- McCullagh, P., & Nelder, J. (1989). Generalized linear models (2nd ed.). Chapman & Hall/CRC.
- Nevill, A., Duncan, M., & Sandercock, G. (2019). Modeling the dose-response rate & associations between VO2max and self-reported physical activity questionnaire in children and adolescents. Journal of Sport and Health Science, 9(1). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jshs.2019.05.001
- Nevill, A. M., Duncan, M. J., Lahart, I., & Sandercock, G. (2015). Modelling the association between weight status and social deprivation in English school children: Can physical activity and fitness affect the relationship? Annals of Human Biology, 43(6), 1–8. https://doi.org/10.3109/03014460.2015.1115126
- Nevill, A. M., Duncan, M. J., Lahart, I., & Sandercock, G. (2016b). Modelling the association between weight status and social deprivation in English school children: Can physical activity and fitness affect the relationship? Annals of Human Biology, 43(6), 497–504. https://doi.org/10.3109/03014460.2015.1115126
- Nevill, A. M., Duncan, M. J., Lahart, I. M., & Sandercock, G. (2017). Cardiorespiratory fitness and activity explains the obesity-deprivation relationship in children. Health Promotion International, 33(3), daw106. https://doi.org/10.1093/heapro/daw106.
- Noonan, R. J., Boddy, L. M., Knowles, Z. R., & Fairclough, S. J. (2016). Cross-sectional associations between high-deprivation home and neighbourhood environments, and health-related variables among Liverpool children. BMJ Open, 6(1), e008693. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2015-008693
- ONS. (2007). National Statistics Postcode Directory (NSPD). Office for National Statistics.
- Rasbash, J. (2004). Statistical software review. British Journal of Mathematical and Statistical Psychology, 57(Pt 1), 189–190. https://doi.org/10.1348/000711004849312
- Rauner, A., Mess, F., & Woll, A. (2013). The relationship between physical activity, physical fitness and overweight in adolescents: A systematic review of studies published in or after 2000. BMC Pediatrics, 13. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2431-13-19
- Sandercock, G. R., Alibrahim, M., & Bellamy, M. (2016). Media device ownership and media use: Associations with sedentary time, physical activity and fitness in English youth. Preventive Medicine Reports, 4, 162–168. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pmedr.2016.05.013
- Twisk, J. W. R., Kemper, H. C. G., & van Mechelen, W. (2002). The relationship between physical fitness and physical activity during adolescence and cardiovascular disease risk factors at adult age. The Amsterdam Growth and Health Longitudinal Study. International Journal of Sports Medicine., 23(Suppl 1), S8–S14. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-2002-28455
- Voss, C., Ogunleye, A. A., & Sandercock, G. R. (2013). Physical activity questionnaire for children and adolescents: English norms and cut-off points. Pediatrics International, 55(4), 498–507. https://doi.org/10.1111/ped.12092
- Wientzek, A., Tormo Diaz, M. J., Castano, J. M., Amiano, P., Arriola, L., Overvad, K., Østergaard, J. N., Charles, M.-A., Fagherazzi, G., Palli, D., Bendinelli, B., Skeie, G., Borch, K. B., Wendel-Vos, W., de Hollander, E., May, A. M., den Ouden, M. E., Trichopoulou, A., Valanou, E., Söderberg, S., & Ekelund, U. (2014). Cross-sectional associations of objectively measured physical activity, cardiorespiratory fitness and anthropometry in European adults. Obesity (Silver Spring, Md.), 22(5), E127–34. https://doi.org/10.1002/oby.20530