References
- Aguilar, R., Jiménez, M., & Alvero-Cruz, J. R. (2013). Testosterone, cortisol and anxiety in elite field hockey players. Physiology & Behavior, 119, 38–42. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physbeh.2013.05.043
- Anderson, T., & Wideman, L. (2017). Exercise and the cortisol awakening response: A systematic review. Sports Medicine - Open, 3(1), 37. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40798-017-0102-3
- Apostolopoulou, K., Künzel, H. E., Gerum, S., Merkle, K., Schulz, S., Fischer, E., Pallauf, A., Brand, V., Bidlingmaier, M., Endres, S., Beuschlein, F., & Reincke, M. (2014). Gender differences in anxiety and depressive symptoms in patients with primary hyperaldosteronism: A cross-sectional study. The World Journal of Biological Psychiatry, 15(1), 26–35. https://doi.org/10.3109/15622975.2012.665480
- Baker, L. A., Raine, A., Liu, J., & Jacobson, K. C. (2008). Differential genetic and environmental influences on reactive and proactive aggression in children. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 36(8), 1265–1278. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10802-008-9249-1
- Bollag, W. B. (2014). Regulation of aldosterone synthesis and secretion, in: Comprehensive physiology. John Wiley & Sons, Inc. https://doi.org/10.1002/cphy.c130037
- Burk, C. L., Mayer, A., & Wiese, B. S. (2019). Nail-biters and thrashing wins: Testosterone responses of football fans during World Cup matches. Physiology & Behavior, 209, 112596. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physbeh.2019.112596
- Capranica, L., Lupo, C., Cortis, C., Chiodo, S., Cibelli, G., & Tessitore, A. (2012). Salivary cortisol and alpha-amylase reactivity to taekwondo competition in children. European Journal of Applied Physiology, 112(2), 647–652. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00421-011-2023-z
- Caretto, M., Giannini, A., Simoncini, T., & Genazzani, A. R. (2019). Adrenal androgens impact on neurosteroids. Sex Steroids' Effects on Brain, Heart and Vessles, 93–99. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-11355-1_5
- Casto, K. V., & Edwards, D. A. (2016). Testosterone, cortisol, and human competition. Hormones and Behavior, 82, 21–37. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.yhbeh.2016.04.004
- Casto, K. V., Elliott, C., & Edwards, D. A. (2014). Intercollegiate cross country competition: Effects of warm-up and racing on salivary levels of cortisol and testosterone. International Journal of Exercise Science, 7(4), 8.
- Casto, K. V., & Prasad, S. (2017). Recommendations for the study of women in hormones and competition research. Hormones and Behavior, 92, 190–194. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.yhbeh.2017.05.009
- Commission, C.S.C. of the S.. (2009). Consultancy Study on Sport for All-Participation Patterns of Hong Kong People in Physical Activities Summary Report Consultancy Study on Sport for All-Participation Patterns of Hong Kong People in Physical Activities Summary Report Background. Hong Kong.
- De Souza, M. J., Maresh, C. M., Maguire, M. S., Kraemer, W. J., Flora-Ginter, G., & Goetz, K. L. (1989). Menstrual status and plasma vasopressin, renin activity, and aldosterone exercise responses. Journal of Applied Physiology (Bethesda, Md. : 1985), 67(2), 736–743. https://doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1989.67.2.736
- Del Corral, P., Schurman, R. C., Kinza, S. S., Fitzgerald, M. J., Kordick, C. A., Rusch, J. L., & Nadolski, J. B. (2016). Salivary but not plasma cortisone tracks the plasma cortisol response to exercise: Effect of time of day. Journal of Endocrinological Investigation, 39(3), 315–322. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40618-015-0367-7
- Del Rosso, S., Abreu, L., Webb, H. E., Zouhal, H., & Boullosa, D. A. (2016). Stress markers during a rally car competition. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 30(3), 605–614. https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0000000000001131
- Edwards, D. A., Wetzel, K., & Wyner, D. R. (2006). Intercollegiate soccer: Saliva cortisol and testosterone are elevated during competition, and testosterone is related to status and social connectedness with teammates. Physiology & Behavior, 87(1), 135–143. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physbeh.2005.09.007
- Eyal, O., Limor, R., Oren, A., Schachter-Davidov, A., Stern, N., & Weintrob, N. (2016). Establishing normal ranges of Basal and ACTH-stimulated serum free cortisol in children. Hormone Research in Paediatrics, 86(2), 94–99. https://doi.org/10.1159/000447946
- Fancourt, D., Aufegger, L., & Williamon, A. (2015). Low-stress and high-stress singing have contrasting effects on glucocorticoid response. Frontiers in Psychology, 6, 1242. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2015.01242
- Faul, F., Erdfelder, E., Buchner, A., & Lang, A. G. (2009). Statistical power analyses using G* Power 3.1: Tests for correlation and regression analyses. Behavior Research Methods, 41(4), 1149–1160. https://doi.org/10.3758/BRM.41.4.1149
- Flinn, M. V., Ponzi, D., Muehlenbein, M. P., Flinn, M. V., Ponzi, D., & Muehlenbein, M. P. (2012). Hormonal mechanisms for regulation of aggression in human coalitions. Human Nature, 23(1), 68–88. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12110-012-9135-y
- Fothergill, M., Wolfson, S., & Neave, N. (2017). Testosterone and cortisol responses in male soccer players: The effect of home and away venues. Physiology & Behavior, 177, 215–220. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physbeh.2017.04.021
- Franklin, M., Bermudez, I., Hlavacova, N., Babic, S., Murck, H., Schmuckermair, C., Singewald, N., Gaburro, S., & Jezova, D. (2012). Aldosterone increases earlier than corticosterone in new animal models of depression: Is this an early marker? Journal of Psychiatric Research, 46(11), 1394–1397. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpsychires.2012.07.010
- Funder, J. W. (2009). Reconsidering the roles of the mineralocorticoid receptor. Hypertension, 53(2), 286–290. https://doi.org/10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.108.119966
- Gatti, R., & De Palo, E. F. (2011). An update: Salivary hormones and physical exercise. Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports, 21(2), 157–169. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0838.2010.01252.x
- Geary, D. C., & Byrd-Craven, J., 2003. Evolution and development of boys’ social behavior view project interventions for children with mathematical learning difficulties view project. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dr.2003.08.001
- Geniole, S. N., Bird, B. M., Ruddick, E. L., & Carré, J. M. (2017). Effects of competition outcome on testosterone concentrations in humans: An updated meta-analysis. Hormones and Behavior, 92, 37–50. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.yhbeh.2016.10.002
- Gouarné, C., Groussard, C., Gratas-Delamarche, A., Delamarche, P., & Duclos, M. (2005). Overnight urinary cortisol and cortisone add new insights into adaptation to training. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 37(7), 1157–1167. https://doi.org/10.1249/01.mss.0000170099.10038.3b
- Gray, P. B., Vuong, J., Zava, D. T., & McHale, T. S. (2018). Testing men’s hormone responses to playing League of Legends: No changes in testosterone, cortisol, DHEA or androstenedione but decreases in aldosterone. Computers in Human Behavior, 83, 230–234. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2018.02.004
- Gröschl, M., Rauh, M., & Dörr, H. G. (2003). Circadian rhythm of salivary cortisol, 17α-hydroxyprogesterone, and progesterone in healthy children. Clinical Chemistry, 49(10), 1688–1691. https://doi.org/10.1373/49.10.1688
- Ha, A. S., Macdonald, D., & Pang, B. O. (2010). Physical activity in the lives of Hong Kong Chinese children. Sport, Education and Society, 15(3), 331–346. https://doi.org/10.1080/13573322.2010.493313
- Hawley, P. H., 1999. The ontogenesis of social dominance: A strategy-based evolutionary perspective. Developmental review, 19(1), 97–132. https://doi.org/10.1006/drev.1998.0470
- Henrich, J., Heine, S. J., & Norenzayan, A. (2010). Most people are not WEIRD. Nature, 466(7302), 29. https://doi.org/10.1038/466029a
- Hlavacova, N., & Jezova, D. (2008a). Chronic treatment with the mineralocorticoid hormone aldosterone results in increased anxiety-like behavior. Hormones and Behavior, 54(1), 90–97. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.yhbeh.2008.02.004
- Hlavacova, N., & Jezova, D. (2008b). Effect of single treatment with the antihypertensive drug eplerenone on hormone levels and anxiety-like behaviour in rats. Endocrine Regulations, 42, 147–153.
- Hodges‐Simeon, C. R., Asif, S., Gurven, M., Blackwell, A. D., & Gaulin, S. J. C. (2019). Testosterone is positively and estradiol negatively associated with mucosal immunity in Amazonian adolescents. American Journal of Human Biology, 31(5), e23284. https://doi.org/10.1002/ajhb.23284
- Hodges-Simeon, C. R., Prall, S. P., Blackwell, A. D., Gurven, M., & Gaulin, S. J. C. (2017). Adrenal maturation, nutritional status, and mucosal immunity in Bolivian youth. American Journal of Human Biology, 29(5), e23025. https://doi.org/10.1002/ajhb.23025
- Jezova, D., Hlavacova, N., Dicko, I., Solarikova, P., & Brezina, I. (2016). Psychosocial stress based on public speech in humans: Is there a real life/laboratory setting cross-adaptation? Stress, 19(4), 429–433. https://doi.org/10.1080/10253890.2016.1203416
- Jiménez, M., Alvero-Cruz, J. R., Solla, J., García-Bastida, J., García-Coll, V., Rivilla, I., Ruiz, E., García-Romero, J., Carnero, E. A., & Clemente-Suárez, V. J. (2020). Competition seriousness and competition level modulate testosterone and cortisol responses in soccer players. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(1), 350. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17010350
- Joëls, E. R., & de Kloet, M. (2017). 30 years of the mineralocorticoid receptor: The brain mineralocorticoid receptor: A saga in three episodes. Journal of Endocrinology, 234(1), T49–T66. https://doi.org/10.1530/JOE-16-0660
- Kemeny, M. E. (2003). The Psychobiology of Stress. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 12(4), 124–129. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-8721.01246
- Korte, S. M. (2001). Corticosteroids in relation to fear, anxiety and psychopathology. Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, 25(2), 117–142. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0149-7634(01)00002-1
- Kubzansky, L. D., & Adler, G. K. (2010). Aldosterone: A forgotten mediator of the relationship between psychological stress and heart disease. Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, 34(1), 80–86. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neubiorev.2009.07.005
- Lau, P. W. C., Liang, Y., Lau, E. Y., Choi, C.-R., Kim, C.-G., & Shin, M.-S. (2015). Evaluating physical and perceptual responses to exergames in chinese children. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 12(4), 4018–4030. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph120404018
- Lavretsky, H., & Newhouse, P. A. (2012). Stress, inflammation, and aging. The American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 20(9), 729–733. https://doi.org/10.1097/JGP.0b013e31826573cf
- Lichtenauer, U. D., Gerum, S., Asbach, E., Manolopoulou, J., Fourkiotis, V., Quinkler, M., Bidlingmaier, M., & Reincke, M. (2016). The clinical value of salivary aldosterone in diagnosis and follow-up of primary aldosteronism. Hormone and Metabolic Research, 48(10), 638–643. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0042-114037
- Lightman, S. L., James, V. H. T., Linsell, C., Mullen, P. E., Peart, W. S., & Sever, P. S. (1981). Studies of diurnal changes in plasma renin activity, and plasma noradrenaline, aldosterone and cowertisol concentrations in. Clinical Endocrinology, 14(3), 213–223. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2265.1981.tb00190.x
- Liu, J. J. W., Ein, N., Peck, K., Huang, V., Pruessner, J. C., & Vickers, K. (2017). Sex differences in salivary cortisol reactivity to the trier social stress test (TSST): A meta-analysis. Psychoneuroendocrinology, 82, 26–37. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psyneuen.2017.04.007
- Mazdarani, F. H., Khaledi, N., & Hedayati, M. (2016). Effects of official basketball competition on the levels of salivary cortisol and immunoglobulin (A) among female children. Journal of Childhood Obesity, 3, 12. https://doi.org/10.21767/2572-5394.10012
- McHale, T. S., Chee, W., Chan, K., Zava, D. T., & Gray, P. B. (2018). Coalitional Physical Competition. Human Nature, 29(3), 245–267. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12110-018-9321-7
- McHale, T. S., Zava, D. T., Hales, D., & Gray, P. B. (2016). Physical competition increases dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) and androstenedione rather than testosterone among juvenile boy soccer players. Adaptive Human Behavior and Physiology, 2(1), 44–56. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40750-015-0030-8
- Mcvie, R., Levine, L. S., & New, M. I. (1979). The biologic significance of the aldosterone concentration in saliva. Pediatric Research, 13(6), 755–759. https://doi.org/10.1203/00006450-197906000-00007
- Mezzullo, M., Fanelli, F., Di Dalmazi, G., Fazzini, A., Ibarra-Gasparini, D., Mastroroberto, M., Guidi, J., Morselli-Labate, A. M., Pasquali, R., Pagotto, U., & Gambineri, A. (2018). Salivary cortisol and cortisone responses to short-term psychological stress challenge in late adolescent and young women with different hyperandrogenic states. Psychoneuroendocrinology, 91, 31–40. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psyneuen.2018.02.022
- Morgan, R. M., Patterson, M. J., & Nimmo, M. A. (2004). Acute effects of dehydration on sweat composition in men during prolonged exercise in the heat. Acta Physiologica Scandinavica, 182(1), 37–43. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-201X.2004.01305.x
- Oxford, J., Ponzi, D., & Geary, D. C. (2010). Hormonal responses differ when playing violent video games against an ingroup and outgroup. Evolution and Human Behavior, 31(3), 201–209. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.evolhumbehav.2009.07.002
- Perogamvros, I., Keevil, B. G., Ray, D. W., & Trainer, P. J. (2010). Salivary cortisone is a potential biomarker for serum free cortisol. The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism, 95(11), 4951–4958. https://doi.org/10.1210/jc.2010-1215
- Petersen, A. C., Crockett, L., Richards, M., & Boxer, A. (1988). A self-report measure of pubertal status: Reliability, validity, and initial norms. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 17(2), 117–133. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01537962
- Segeda, V., Izakova, L., Hlavacova, N., Bednarova, A., & Jezova, D. (2017). Aldosterone concentrations in saliva reflect the duration and severity of depressive episode in a sex dependent manner. Journal of Psychiatric Research, 91, 164–168. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpsychires.2017.04.011
- Shackleton, C. (2010). Clinical steroid mass spectrometry: A 45-year history culminating in HPLC–MS/MS becoming an essential tool for patient diagnosis. The Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 121(3–5), 481–490. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsbmb.2010.02.017
- Shimojo, M., Ricketts, M. L., Petrelli, M. D., Moradi, P., Johnson, G. D., Bradwell, A. R., Hewison, M., Howie, A. J., & Stewart, P. M. (1997). Immunodetection of 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2 in human mineralocorticoid target tissues: Evidence for nuclear localization. Endocrinology, 138(3), 1305–1311. https://doi.org/10.1210/endo.138.3.4994
- Silverman, M. N., & Sternberg, E. M. (2012). Glucocorticoid regulation of inflammation and its functional correlates: From HPA axis to glucocorticoid receptor dysfunction. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 1261(1), 55–63. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.2012.06633.x
- Slimani, M., Baker, J. S., Cheour, F., Taylor, L., & Bragazzi, N. L. (2017). Steroid hormones and psychological responses to soccer matches: Insights from a systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS One, 12, 10. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0186100
- Thomas, N. E., Leyshon, A., Hughes, M. G., Davies, B., Graham, M., & Baker, J. S. (2009). The effect of anaerobic exercise on salivary cortisol, testosterone and immunoglobulin (A) in boys aged 15-16 years. European Journal of Applied Physiology, 107(4), 455–461. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00421-009-1146-y
- Zorbas, Y. G., Kakurin, V. J., Denogratov, S. D., Yarullin, V. L., & Deogenov, V. A. (2001). Urinary and serum electrolyte changes in athletes during periodic and continuous hypokinetic and ambulatory conditions. Biological Trace Element Research, 80(3), 201–219. https://doi.org/10.1385/BTER:80:3:201