References
- Anderson, K. G., & Behm, D. G. (2004). Maintenance of EMG activity and loss of force output with instability. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 18(3), 637–640. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1519/1533-4287(2004)18<637:MOEAAL>2.0.CO;2
- Barnett, C., Kippers, V., & Turner, P. (1995). Effects of variations of the bench press exercise on the EMG activity of five shoulder muscles. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 9(4), 222–227. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1519/00124278-199511000-00003
- Beachle, T. R., & Earle, R. W. (2008) Essentials of Strength Training and Conditioning (3rd ed.). Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics.
- Chaffin, D. B. (1975). Ergonomics guide for the assessment of human static strength. American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal, 36(7), 505–511. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/0002889758507283
- Criswell, E. (2011). Cram’s Introduction to surface electromyography (2nd ed.). Jones & Bartlett Learning.
- Dickerson, C., Martin, B., & Chaffin, D. (2006). The relationship between shoulder torques and the perception of muscular effort in loaded reaches. Ergonomics, 49(11), 1036–1051. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/00140130600730960
- Drake, J. D. M., & Callaghan, J. P. (2006). Elimination of electrocardiogram contamination from electromyogram signals: An evaluation of currently used removal techniques. Journal of Electromyography and Kinesiology, 16(2), 175–187. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jelekin.2005.07.003
- Duffey, M. J., & Challis, J. H. (2011). Vertical and lateral forces applied to the bar during the bench press in novice lifters. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 25(9), 2442–2447. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0b013e3182281939
- Elliott, B., Wilson, G., & Kerr, G. (1989). A biomechanical analysis of the sticking region in the bench press. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 21(4), 450–462. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1249/00005768-198908000-00018
- Fischer, S. L., Belbeck, A. L., & Dickerson, C. R. (2010). The influence of providing feedback on force production and within-participant reproducibility during maximal voluntary exertions for the anterior deltoid, middle deltoid, and infraspinatus. Journal of Electromyography and Kinesiology, 20(1), 68–75. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jelekin.2009.01.007
- Kingma, I., & de Looze, M. (1996). Validation of a full body 3-D dynamic linked segment model. Human Movement Science, 15(6), 833–860. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/S0167-9457(96)00034-6
- Król, H., & Gołaś, A. (2017). Effect of barbell weight on the structure of the flat bench press. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 31(5), 1321–1337. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0000000000001816
- Lander, J. E., Bates, B. T., Sawhill, J. A., & Hamill, J. A. (1985). A comparison between free-weight and isokinetic bench pressing. Medicine and Science in Sports in Exercise, 17(3), 344–353. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1249/00005768-198506000-00008
- Lauver, J. D., Cayot, T. E., & Scheuermann, B. W. (2016). Influence of bench angle on upper extremity muscular activation during bench press exercise. European Journal of Sport Science, 16(3), 309–316. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/17461391.2015.1022605
- Madsen, N., & McLaughlin, T. (1984). Kinematic factors influencing performance and injury risk in the bench press exercise. Medicine and Science in Sports in Exercise, 16(4), 376–381. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1249/00005768-198408000-00010
- McEvoy, K. B., Rawson, B., & Ridley, P. (1993). The role of functional strength training in the rehabilitation process of athletes. Sport Health, 11(1), 16–19.
- Norwood, J. T., Anderson, G. S., Gaetz, M. B., & Twist, P. W. (2007). Electromyographic activity of the trunk stabilizers during stable and unstable bench press. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 21(2), 343–347. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1519/R-17435.1
- Nussbaum, M., & Zhang, X. (2000). Heuristics for locating upper extremity joint centres from a reduces set of surface markers. Human Movement Science, 19(5), 797–816. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/S0167-9457(00)00020-8
- Pinto, B. L., & Dickerson, C. R. (2021). Vertical and horizontal barbell kinematics indicate differences in mechanical advantage between using an arched or flat back posture in the barbell bench press exercise. International Journal of Sports Science & Coaching, 16(3), 756–762. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1177/1747954120982954
- Rasch, P. J., Grabiner, M. D., Gregor, R. J., & Garhammer, J. (1989). Kinesiology and applied anatomy (7th ed.). Lea & Febiger.
- Rippetoe, M., & Kilgore, L. (2007). Starting Strength: Basic Barbell Training (2nd ed.). The Aasgaard Company.
- Saeterbakken, A., Dag-André, M., Scott, S., & Andersen, V. (2017). The effects of bench press variations in competitive athletes on muscle activity and performance. Journal of Human Kinetics, 57(1), 61–71. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1515/hukin-2017-0047
- Saeterbakken, A., van den Tillaar, R., & Fimland, M. S. (2011). A comparison of muscle activity and 1-RM strength of three chest-press exercises with different stability requirements. Journal of Sports Sciences, 29(5), 533–538. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/02640414.2010.543916
- USPA. (2019). United States powerlifting association 2019 technical rulebook United States Powerlifting Association.
- van den Tillaar, R., & Ettema, G. (2009). A comparison of kinematics and muscle actvitiy between successful and unsuccessful attempts in bench press. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 41(11), 2056–2063. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1249/MSS.0b013e3181a8c360
- van den Tillaar, R., & Ettema, G. (2010). The “ sticking period ” in a maximum bench press. Journal of Sports Sciences , 28(5), 529–535. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/02640411003628022
- Van den Tillaar, R., & Saeterbakken, A. (2012). The sticking region in three chest-press exercises with increasing degrees of freedom. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 26(11), 2962–2969. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0b013e3182443430
- van den Tillaar, R., & Saeterbakken, A. (2013). Fatigue effects upon sticking region and electromyography in a six-repetition maximum bench press. Journal of Sports Sciences, 31(16), 1823–1830. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/02640414.2013.803593
- Welsch, E., Bird, M., & Mayhew, J. (2005). Electromyographic activity of the pectoralis major and anterior deltoid muscles during three upper-body lifts. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 19(2), 449–452. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1519/14513.1
- Winter, D. (1991). Electromyogram recording, processing, and normalization: Procedures and considerations. Journal of Human Muscle Performance, 1(2), 5–15.
- Winter, D. (2009). Biomechanics and motor control of human movement (4th ed.). John Wiley & Sons. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1002/9780470549148
- Wu, G., van Der Halm, F., Veeger, H., Maksous, M., Van Roy, P., Anglin, C., Nagels J., Karduna A. R., McQuade K., Wang X., and Werner F. W. (2005). ISB recommendation on definitions for the reporting of human joint motion - Part II: Shoulder, elbow, wrist and hand. Journal of Biomechanics, 38(5), 981–992. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbiomech.2004.05.042
- Yu, J., Ackland, D. C., & Pandy, M. G. (2011). Shoulder muscle function depends on elbow joint position: An illustration of dynamic coupling in the upper limb. Journal of Biomechanics, 44(10), 1859–1868. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbiomech.2011.04.017