Biomechanical parameters of the golf swing associated with lower back pain: A systematic review

References

• Ardern, C. L., Taylor, N. F., Feller, J. A., & Webster, K. E. (2013). A systematic review of the psychological factors associated with returning to sport following injury. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 47(17), 1120–6. https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2012-091203
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Batt, M. E. (1992). A survey of golf injuries in amateur golfers. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 26(1), 63–65. https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsm.26.1.63
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Belanger, L. J., Plotnikoff, R. C., Clark, A. M., & Courneya, K. S. (2013). Prevalence, correlates, and psychosocial outcomes of sport participation in young adult cancer survivors. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 14(2), 298–304. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychsport.2012.10.010
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bourgain, M., Rouch, P., Rouillon, O., Thoreux, P., & Sauret, C. (2022). Golf swing biomechanics: A systematic review and methodological recommendations for kinematics. Sports, 10(6), 91. https://doi.org/10.3390/sports10060091
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bramer, W., & Bain, P. (2017). Updating search strategies for systematic reviews using endnote. Journal of the Medical Library Association, 105(3), 285–9. https://doi.org/10.5195/jmla.2017.183
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bramer, W. M., Giustini, D., de Jonge GB, Holland, L., Bekhuis, T., & de Jonge, G. B. (2016). De-duplication of database search results for systematic reviews in endnote. Journal of the Medical Library Association: JMLA, 104(3), 240–243. https://doi.org/10.3163/1536-5050.104.3.014
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Burdorf, A., Van Der Steenhoven, G. A., & Tromp-Klaren, E. G. M. (1996). A one-year prospective study on back pain among novice golfers. The American Journal of Sports Medicine, 24(5), 659–664. https://doi.org/10.1177/036354659602400516
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Burns, K., Pierson, M., Becker, J., Wu, W., & Nakajima, M. (2016). Relationship between hip strength, range of motion, and Low Back Pain in collegiate women’s golfers. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 48(5), 586–587. https://doi.org/10.1249/01.mss.0000486760.73376.5e
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cabri, J., Sousa, J. P., Kots, M., & Barreiros, J. (2009). Golf-related injuries: A systematic review. European Journal of Sport Science, 9(6), 353–66. https://doi.org/10.1080/17461390903009141
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chung, K. Y. C., Derdenger, T. P., & Srinivasan, K. (2013). Economic value of celebrity endorsements: Tiger Woods’ impact on sales of Nike golf balls. Marketing Science, 32(2), 271–93. https://doi.org/10.1287/mksc.1120.0760
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cohen, J. (1988). Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences (2nd ed.). Elsevier.
   Google Scholar
• Cole, M. H., & Grimshaw, P. N. (2008a). Electromyography of the trunk and abdominal muscles in golfers with and without Low Back Pain. Journal of Science & Medicine in Sport / Sports Medicine Australia, 11(2), 174–81. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsams.2007.02.006
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cole, M. H., & Grimshaw, P. N. (2008b). Trunk muscle onset and cessation in golfers with and without Low Back Pain. Journal of Biomechanics, 41(13), 2829–33. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbiomech.2008.07.004
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cole, M. H., & Grimshaw, P. N. (2014). The crunch factor’s role in golf-related Low Back Pain. The Spine Journal, 14(5), 799–807. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.spinee.2013.09.019
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cole, M. H., & Grimshaw, P. N. (2016). The biomechanics of the modern golf swing: Implications for lower back injuries. Sports Medicine, 46(3), 339–51. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-015-0429-1
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Edwards, N., Dickin, C., & Wang, H. (2020). Low Back Pain and golf: A review of biomechanical risk factors. Sports Medicine and Health Science, 2(1), 10–8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.smhs.2020.03.002
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Ekeland, E., Heian, F., & Hagen, K. B. (2005). Can exercise improve self esteem in children and young people? A systematic review of randomised controlled trials. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 39(11), 792–8. https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsm.2004.017707
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Evans, K., Refshauge, K. M., Adams, R., & Alipr, I. L. (2005). Predictors of Low Back Pain in young elite golfers: A preliminary study. Physical Therapy in Sport, 6(3), 122–30. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ptsp.2005.05.003
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Farahbakhsh, F., Rostami, M., Noormohammadpour, P., Zade, A. M., Hassanmirazaei, B., Jouibari, M. F., Kordi, R., & Kennedy, D. J. (2018). Prevalence of Low Back Pain among athletes: A systematic review. Journal of Back and Musculoskeletal Rehabilitation, 31(5), 901–916. https://doi.org/10.3233/BMR-170941
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fett, D., Trompeter, K., Platen, P., & Smith, B. (2017). Back pain in elite sports: A cross-sectional study on 1114 athletes. Public Library of Science ONE, 12(6), e0180130. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0180130
   Google Scholar
• Foley, S. (2020, March 3). 4 steps to save your back [webpage]. golfdigest.com: Golf digest. Retrieved June 4, 2021, from https://www.golfdigest.com/story/save-your-back-foley
   Google Scholar
• Fradkin, A. J., Cameron, P. A., & Gabbe, B. J. (2007). Is there an association between self-reported warm-up behaviour and golf related injury in female golfers? Journal of Science & Medicine in Sport / Sports Medicine Australia, 10(1), 66–71. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsams.2006.04.001
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Freedman, K. F. (2018, November 19). How to avoid back pain from your golf swing [webpage]. Rothman Orthopaedics; Retrieved June 4,2021, from https://rothmanortho.com/stories/blog/Back-Pain-From-Golf-Swing
   Google Scholar
• Gao, K. L., Hui-Chan, C. W., & Tsang, W. W. (2011). Golfers have better balance control and confidence than healthy controls. European Journal of Applied Physiology, 111(11), 2805–12. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00421-011-1910-7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gosheger, G., Liem, D., Ludwig, K., Greshake, O., & Winkelmann, W. (2003). Injuries and overuse syndromes in golf. The American Journal of Sports Medicine, 31(3), 438–443. https://doi.org/10.1177/03635465030310031901
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Goubert, D., Oosterwijck, J. V., Meeus, M., & Danneels, L. (2016). Structural changes of lumbar muscles in non-specific Low Back Pain: A systematic review. Pain Physician, 19(7), E985–e1000. https://doi.org/10.36076/ppj/2016.19.E985
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gulgin, H. R., & Armstrong, C. W. (2008). Passive hip rotation range of motion in LPGA golfers. Clinical Kinesiology: Journal of the American Kinesiotherapy Association, 62(2), 9–15.
   Google Scholar
• Guyatt, G. H., Oxman, A. D., Vist, G. E., Kunz, R., Falck-Ytter, Y., Alonso-Coello, P., & Schünemann, H. J. (2008). GRADE: An emerging consensus on rating quality of evidence and strength of recommendations. BMJ: British Medical Journal, 336(7650), 924–926. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.39489.470347.AD
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hawkes, R., O’Connor, P., & Campbell, D. (2013). The prevalence, variety and impact of wrist problems in elite professional golfers on the European tour. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 47(17), 1075–9. https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2012-091917
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Horton, J. F., Lindsay, D. M., & Macintosh, B. R. (2001). Abdominal muscle activation of elite male golfers with chronic Low Back Pain. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 33(10), 1647–54. https://doi.org/10.1097/00005768-200110000-00006
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• How to Fix Golf Back Pain. (2021,June 3). [Webpage]. rotaryswing.com. Retrieved June 4, 2021, from https://rotaryswing.com/golf-instruction-videos/full-swing-basics/downswing/golf-back-pain-cure
   Google Scholar
• Hoy, D., Bain, C., Williams, G., March, L., Brooks, P., Blyth, F., Woolf, A., Vos, T., & Buchbinder, R. (2012). A systematic review of the global prevalence of Low Back Pain. Arthritis & Rheumatism, 64(6), 2028–2037. https://doi.org/10.1002/art.34347
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hume, P. A., Keogh, J., & Reid, D. (2005). The role of biomechanics in maximising distance and accuracy of golf shots. Sports Medicine, 35(5), 429–49. https://doi.org/10.2165/00007256-200535050-00005
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• James, J. (2019, April 9). Why do I have lower back pain after playing golf? [Webpage]. Golf Forever; RetrievedJune 4, 2021, from https://golfforever.com/lower-back-pain-after-golfing/
   Google Scholar
• Kamson, S. (2020, March 20). Tips for golfing with back pain [webpage]. Spine Institute Northwest; Retrieved June 4,2021, from https://www.spineinstitutenorthwest.com/tips-for-golfing-with-back-pain/
   Google Scholar
• Knezevic, N. N., Candido, K. D., Vlaeyen, J. W. S., Van Zundert, J., & Cohen, S. P. (2021). Low Back Pain. The Lancet, 398(10294), 78–92. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(21)00733-9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lim, Y.-T., Chow, J. W., & Chae, W.-S. (2012). Lumbar spinal loads and muscle activity during a golf swing. Sports Biomechanics, 11(2), 197–211. https://doi.org/10.1080/14763141.2012.670662
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lindsay, D., & Horton, J. (2007). Comparison of spine motion in elite golfers with and without Low Back Pain. Journal of Sports Sciences, 20(8), 599–605. https://doi.org/10.1080/026404102320183158
   Google Scholar
• McCall, A., Carling, C., Davison, M., Nedelec, M., Le Gall, F., Berthoin, S., & Dupont, G. (2015). Injury risk factors, screening tests and preventative strategies: A systematic review of the evidence that underpins the perceptions and practices of 44 football (soccer) teams from various premier leagues. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 49(9), 583–589. https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2014-094104
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McCarroll, J. R., & Gioe, T. J. (1982). Professional golfers and the price they pay. The Physician and Sportsmedicine, 10(7), 64–70. https://doi.org/10.1080/00913847.1982.11947272
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• McCarroll, J. R., Rettig, A. C., & Shelbourne, K. D. (1990). Injuries in the amateur golfer. The Physician and Sportsmedicine, 18(3), 122–6. https://doi.org/10.1080/00913847.1990.11709999
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McHardy, A., Pollard, H., & Luo, K. (2007). One-year follow-up study on golf injuries in Australian amateur golfers. The American Journal of Sports Medicine, 35(8), 1354–1360. https://doi.org/10.1177/0363546507300188
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McHardy, A. J., Pollard, H. P., & Luo, K. (2007). Golf-related lower back injuries: An epidemiological survey. Journal of Chiropractic Medicine, 6(1), 20–26. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcme.2007.02.010
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• McLean, J. (1992). Widen the gap. Golf Magazine, 12, 49–53.
   Google Scholar
• Mohd Isa, I. L., Teoh, S. L., Mohd nor, N. H., & Mokhtar, S. A. (2022). Discogenic Low Back Pain: Anatomy, pathophysiology and treatments of intervertebral disc degeneration. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 24(1), 208. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms24010208
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Murase, Y., Kamei, S., & Hoshikawa, T. (1989). Heart rate and metabolic responses to participation in golf. The Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness, 29(3), 269–72.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Murray, A. D., Daines, L., Archibald, D., Hawkes, R. A., Schiphorst, C., Kelly, P., Grant, L., & Mutrie, N. (2017). The relationships between golf and health: A scoping review. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 51(1), 12–19. https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2016-096625
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Murray, A., Junge, A., Robinson, P. G., Bizzini, M., Bossert, A., Clarsen, B., Coughlan, D., Cunningham, C., Drobny, T., Gazzano, F., Gill, L., Hawkes, R., Hospel, T., Neal, R., Lavelle, J., Scanlon, A., Schamash, P., Thomas, B., … Wotherspoon, M. (2020). International consensus statement: Methods for recording and reporting of epidemiological data on injuries and illnesses in golf. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 54(19), 1136–1141. https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2020-102380
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. Appendix E Algorithm for classifying quantitative (experimental and observational) study designs methods for the development of NICE public health guidance (3rd edition) (2012) [ Available from: https://www.nice.org.uk/process/pmg4/chapter/appendix-e-algorithm-for-classifying-quantitative-experimental-and-observational-study-designs
   Google Scholar
• Nicholas, M. K., Linton, S. J., Watson, P. J., & Main, C. J. (2011). Early identification and management of psychological risk factors (“yellow flags”) in patients with Low Back Pain: A reappraisal. Physical Therapy, 91(5), 737–53. https://doi.org/10.2522/ptj.20100224
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ouzzani, M., Hammady, H., Fedorowicz, Z., & Elmagarmid, A. (2016). Rayyan-a web and mobile app for systematic reviews. Systematic Review, 5(1), 210. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13643-016-0384-4
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Page, M. J., Moher, D., Bossuyt, P. M., Boutron, I., Hoffmann, T. C., Mulrow, C. D., Shamseer, L., Tetzlaff, J. M., Akl, E. A., Brennan, S. E., Chou, R., Glanville, J., Grimshaw, J. M., Hróbjartsson, A., Lalu, M. M., Li, T., Loder, E. W., Mayo-Wilson, E., … Whiting, P. (2021). PRISMA 2020 explanation and elaboration: Updated guidance and exemplars for reporting systematic reviews. BMJ: British Medical Journal, 372, n160. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.n160
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Palank, E. A., & Hargreaves Jr, E.H. (1990). The benefits of walking the golf course. The Physician and Sportsmedicine, 18(10), 77–80. https://doi.org/10.1080/00913847.1990.11710155
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Parkkari, J., Natri, A., Kannus, P., Mänttäri, A., Laukkanen, R., Haapasalo, H., Nenonen, A., Pasanen, M., Oja, P., & Vuori, I. (2000). A controlled trial of the health benefits of regular walking on a golf course. The American Journal of Medicine, 109(2), 102–108. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0002-9343(00)00455-1
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pataky, T., Vanrenterghem, J., & Robinson, M. (2016). The probability of false positives in zero-dimensional analyses of one-dimensional kinematic, force and EMG trajectories. Journal of Biomechanics, 49(9), 1468–1476. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbiomech.2016.03.032
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pincus, T., Burton, A. K., Vogel, S., & Field, A. P. (2002). A systematic review of psychological factors as predictors of chronicity/disability in prospective cohorts of Low Back Pain. Spine, 27(5), E109–20. (Phila Pa 1976). https://doi.org/10.1097/00007632-200203010-00017
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Quinn, S. L., Olivier, B., & McKinon, W. (2022). Lower quadrant swing biomechanics identifies golfers with increased risk of Low Back Pain: A prospective longitudinal cohort study. Journal of Sport Rehabilitation, 31(8), 1041–51. https://doi.org/10.1123/jsr.2021-0191
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Quinn, S. L., Olivier, B., McKinon, W., & Dafkin, C. (2022). Increased trunk muscle recruitment during the golf swing is linked to developing lower back pain: A prospective longitudinal cohort study. Journal of Electromyography and Kinesiology, 64, 102663. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jelekin.2022.102663
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Quirk, H., Hock, E., Harrop, D., Crank, H., Peckham, E., Traviss-Turner, G., Machaczek, K., Stubbs, B., Horspool, M., Weich, S., & Copeland, R. (2020). Understanding the experience of initiating community-based group physical activity by people with serious mental illness: A systematic review using a meta-ethnographic approach. European Psychiatry: The Journal of the Association of European Psychiatrists, 63(1), e95. https://doi.org/10.1192/j.eurpsy.2020.93
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rab, G. T., Chao, E. Y., & Stauffer, R. N. (1977). Muscle force analysis of the lumbar spine. The Orthopedic Clinics of North America, 8(1), 193–9. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0030-5898(20)30945-7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Roberts, M. (2019,February 5). ‘X-factor’ golf swing linked to back pain. [Webpage]. BBC; Retrieved June 4,2021, from https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/health-47114990
   Google Scholar
• Robinson, P. G., Murray, I. R., Duckworth, A. D., Hawkes, R., Glover, D., Tilley, N. R., Hillman, R., Oliver, C. W., & Murray, A. D. (2019). Systematic review of musculoskeletal injuries in professional golfers. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 53(1), 13–18. https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2018-099572
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rose, G. (2014,September 19). The golfer’s guide to lower back pain – part 1. [Webpage]. mytpi.com: TPI Nevada; Retrieved June4,2021, from https://www.mytpi.com/articles/health/the_golfer’s_guide_to_lower_back_pain_part_1
   Google Scholar
• The Royal and Ancient. Golf around the world. (2015).
   Google Scholar
• Schuler, T. (2020,September 18). 5 easy tips to prevent back pain due to golfing [webpage]. Virginia Spine Institute; Retrieved June 4,2021, from https://www.spinemd.com/5-easy-tips-to-prevent-back-pain-from-golfing/
   Google Scholar
• Sim, T., Choi, A., Lee, S., & Mun, J. H. (2017). How to quantify the transition phase during golf swing performance: Torsional load affects low back complaints during the transition phase. Journal of Sports Sciences, 35(20), 2051–9. https://doi.org/10.1080/02640414.2016.1255345
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Smith, J. A., Hawkins, A., Grant-Beuttler, M., Beuttler, R., & Lee, S.-P. (2018). Risk factors associated with Low Back Pain in golfers: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Sports Health, 10(6), 538–546. https://doi.org/10.1177/1941738118795425
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Smith, M. F., & Hillman, R. (2012). A retrospective service audit of a mobile physiotherapy unit on the PGA European golf tour. Physical Therapy in Sport, 13(1), 41–4. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ptsp.2010.09.001
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Song, M. X., Yang, H., Yang, H. Q., Li, S. S., Qin, J., & Xiao, Q. (2023). MR imaging radiomics analysis based on lumbar soft tissue to evaluate lumbar fascia changes in patients with Low Back Pain. Academic Radiology, 30(11), 2450–2457. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.acra.2023.02.038
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sports Marketing Surveys. The R&A: Strategy core figures. (2021).
   Google Scholar
• Sterne, J. A., Hernán, M. A., Reeves, B. C., Savović, J., Berkman, N. D., Viswanathan, M., Henry, D., Altman, D. G., Ansari, M. T., Boutron, I., Carpenter, J. R., Chan, A.-W., Churchill, R., Deeks, J. J., Hróbjartsson, A., Kirkham, J., Jüni, P., Loke, Y. K., … Whiting, P. F. (2016). ROBINS-I: A tool for assessing risk of bias in non-randomised studies of interventions. BMJ: British Medical Journal, 355, i4919. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.i4919
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Trompeter, K., Fett, D., & Platen, P. (2017). Prevalence of back pain in sports: A systematic review of the literature. Sports Medicine, 47(6), 1183–1207. (Auckland, NZ). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-016-0645-3
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tsai, Y. S., Sell, T. C., Smoliga, J. M., Myers, J. B., Learman, K. E., & Lephart, S. M. (2010). A comparison of physical characteristics and swing mechanics between golfers with and without a history of Low Back Pain. Journal of Orthopaedic and Sports Physical Therapy, 40(7), 430–8. https://doi.org/10.2519/jospt.2010.3152
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vad, V. B., Bhat, A. L., Basrai, D., Gebeh, A., Aspergren, D. D., & Andrews, J. R. (2004). Low Back Pain in professional golfers: The role of associated hip and low back range-of-motion deficits. The American Journal of Sports Medicine, 32(2), 494–7. https://doi.org/10.1177/0363546503261729
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• van Tulder, M., Furlan, A., Bombardier, C., & Bouter, L. (2003). Updated method guidelines for systematic reviews in the Cochrane collaboration back review group. Spine, 28(12), 1290–1299. (Phila Pa 1976). https://doi.org/10.1097/01.BRS.0000065484.95996.AF
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vlaeyen, J. W. S., Maher, C. G., Wiech, K., Van Zundert, J., Meloto, C. B., Diatchenko, L., Battié, M. C., Goossens, M., Koes, B., & Linton, S. J. (2018). Low Back Pain. Nature Reviews Disease Primers, 4(1), 52. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41572-018-0052-1
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Warmenhoven, J., Harrison, A., Robinson, M. A., Vanrenterghem, J., Bargary, N., Smith, R., Cobley, S., Draper, C., Donnelly, C., & Pataky, T. (2018). A force profile analysis comparison between functional data analysis, statistical parametric mapping and statistical non-parametric mapping in on-water single sculling. Journal of Science & Medicine in Sport / Sports Medicine Australia, 21(10), 1100–1105. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsams.2018.03.009
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• White, H., Albers, B., Gaarder, M., Kornør, H., Littell, J., Marshall, Z., Mathew, C., Pigott, T., Snilstveit, B., Waddington, H., & Welch, V. (2020). Guidance for producing a Campbell evidence and gap map. Campbell Systematic Reviews, 16(4), e1125. https://doi.org/10.1002/cl2.1125
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Zheng, N., Barrentine, S. W., Fleisig, G. S., & Andrews, J. R. (2008). Kinematic analysis of swing in pro and amateur golfers. International Journal of Sports Medicine, 29(6), 487–93. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-2007-989229
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar