Informal payments by patients for health services: prevalence and determinants

References

• Arsenijevic, J., Pavlova, M., & Groot, W. (2015). Out-of-pocket payments for health care in Serbia. Health Policy, 119, 1366–1374. doi: 10.1016/j.healthpol.2015.07.005
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Atanasova, E., Pavlova, M., & Groot, W. (2015). Out-of-pocket patient payments for public health care services in Bulgaria. Frontiers in Public Health, 3, 175. doi:10.3389/fpubh.2015.00175.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Baji, P., Pavlova, M., Gulácsi, L., & Groot, W. (2011). User fees for public health care services in Hungary: Expectations, experience, and acceptability from the perspectives of different stakeholders. Health Policy, 102, 255–262. doi: 10.1016/j.healthpol.2011.03.001
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Baji, P., Pavlova, M., Gulácsi, L., & Groot, W. (2012b). Changes in equity in out-of-pocket payments during the period of health care reforms: Evidence from Hungary. International Journal for Equity in Health, 11, 36. doi:10.1186/1475-9276-11-36.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Baji, P., Pavlova, M., Gulácsi, L., & Groot, W. (2013). Exploring consumers’ attitudes towards informal patient payments using the combined method of cluster and multinomial regression analysis – The case of Hungary. BMC Health Services Research, 13, 62. doi:10.1186/1472-6963-13-62.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Baji, P., Pavlova, M., Gulácsi, L., Zsófia, H. C., & Groot, W. (2012a). Informal payments for healthcare services and short-term effects of the introduction of visit fee on these payments in Hungary. The International Journal of Health Planning and Management, 27(1), 63–79. doi: 10.1002/hpm.1106
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Balabanova, D., & McKee, M. (2002). Understanding informal payments for health care: The example of Bulgaria. Health Policy, 62, 243–273. doi: 10.1016/S0168-8510(02)00035-0
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Baumol, W. J., & Blinder, A. (2008). Macroeconomics: Principles and policy. Cincinnati, OH: South-Western Publishing.
   Google Scholar
• Burnett, S., Mendel, P., Nunes, F., Wiig, S., van den Bovenkamp, H., Karltun, A., … Fulop, N. (2016). Using institutional theory to analyse hospital responses to external demands for finance and quality in five European countries. Journal of Health Services Research & Policy, 21, 109–117. doi: 10.1177/1355819615622655
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Charron, N., Dijkstra, L., & Lapuente, V. (2015). Mapping the regional divide in Europe: A measure for assessing quality of government in 206 European regions. Social Indicators Research, 122, 315–346. doi: 10.1007/s11205-014-0702-y
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chawla, M., Berman, P., Windak, A., & Kulis, M. (2004). Provision of ambulatory health services in Poland: A case study from Krakow. Social Science & Medicine, 58, 227–235. doi: 10.1016/S0277-9536(03)00006-6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chereches, R., Ungureanu, M. I., Sandu, P., & Rus, I. A. (2013). Defining informal payments in healthcare: A systematic review. Health Policy, 110, 105–114. doi: 10.1016/j.healthpol.2013.01.010
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cohen, N. (2012). Informal payments for health care – The phenomenon and its context. Health Economics, Policy and Law, 7, 285–308. doi: 10.1017/S1744133111000089
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Contandriopoulos, D., & Brousselle, A. (2010). Reliable in their failure: An analysis of healthcare reform policies in public systems. Health Policy, 95, 144–152. doi: 10.1016/j.healthpol.2009.11.018
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Danyliv, A., Pavlova, M., Gryga, I., & Groot, W. (2015). Preferences for physician services in Ukraine: A discrete choice experiment. The International Journal of Health Planning and Management, 30, 346–365. doi: 10.1002/hpm.2239
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Delcheva, E., Balabanova, D., & McKee, M. (1997). Under-the-counter payments for health care: Evidence from Bulgaria. Health Policy, 42, 89–100. doi: 10.1016/S0168-8510(97)00061-4
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ensor, T. (2004). Informal payments for health care in transition economies. Social Science & Medicine, 58, 237–246. doi: 10.1016/S0277-9536(03)00007-8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• European Commission. (2014a). Eurobarometer 79.1 (2013), TNS Opinion, Brussels [producer]. GESIS Data Archive, Cologne. ZA5687 Data file Version 1.0.0. doi:10.4232/1.11855.
   Google Scholar
• European Commission. (2014b). Special Eurobarometer 397 / Wave EB79.1 (2013) [report]. Brussels: European Commission.
   Google Scholar
• Fareed, N., Bazzoli, G. J., Mick, S. S. F., & Harless, D. W. (2015). The influence of institutional pressures on hospital electronic health record presence. Social Science & Medicine, 133, 28–35. doi: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2015.03.047
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gaal, P., Belli, P. C., McKee, M., & Szócska, M. (2006). Informal payments for health care: Definitions, distinctions, and dilemmas. Journal of Health Politics, Policy and Law, 31, 251–293. doi: 10.1215/03616878-31-2-251
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gaal, P., Jakab, M., & Shishkin, S. (2011). Strategies to address informal payments for health care. In J. Kutzin, C. Cashin, & M. Jakab (Eds.), Implementing health financing reforms: Lessons from countries in transition (pp. 327–361). Copenhagen: World Health Organization.
   Google Scholar
• Gaal, P., & McKee, M. (2004). Informal payment for health care and the theory of ‘INXIT’. International Journal of Health Planning and Management, 19, 163–178. doi: 10.1002/hpm.751
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gaal, P., & McKee, M. (2005). Fee-for-service or donation? Hungarian perspectives on informal payment for health care. Social Science & Medicine, 60, 1445–1457. doi: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2004.08.009
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Health Consumer Powerhouse [HCP]. (2013). Euro health consumer index 2013 (report). Brussels: Health Consumer Powerhouse Ltd.
   Google Scholar
• Helmke, G., & Levitsky, S. (2004). Informal institutions and comparative politics: A research agenda. Perspectives on Politics, 2, 725–740. doi: 10.1017/S1537592704040472
   Google Scholar
• Kaitelidou, D. C., Tsirona, C. S., Galanis, P. A., Siskou, O. C., Mladovsky, P., Kouli, E. G., … Liaropoulos, L. L. (2013). Informal payments for maternity health services in public hospitals in Greece. Health Policy, 109, 23–30. doi: 10.1016/j.healthpol.2012.10.012
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kankeu, H. T., & Ventelou, B. (2016). Socioeconomic inequalities in informal payments for health care: An assessment of the ‘Robin Hood’ hypothesis in 33 African countries. Social Science & Medicine, 151, 173–186. doi: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2016.01.015
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liaropoulos, L., Siskou, O., Kaitelidou, D., Theodorou, M., & Katostaras, T. (2008). Informal payments in public hospitals in Greece. Health Policy, 87, 72–81. doi: 10.1016/j.healthpol.2007.12.005
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mæstad, O., & Mwisongo, A. (2011). Informal payments and the quality of health care: Mechanisms revealed by Tanzanian health workers. Health Policy, 99, 107–115. doi: 10.1016/j.healthpol.2010.07.011
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nilashi, M., Ahmadi, H., Ahani, A., Ravangard, R., & bin Ibrahim, O. (2016). Determining the importance of hospital information system adoption factors using fuzzy analytic network process (ANP). Technological Forecasting & Social Change, 111(C), 244–264. doi: 10.1016/j.techfore.2016.07.008
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• North, D. C. (1990). Institutions, institutional change and economic performance. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Pavlova, M., Groot, W., & van Merode, G. (2002). Public attitudes towards patient payments in Bulgarian public health care sector: Results of a household survey. Health Policy, 59, 1–24. doi: 10.1016/S0168-8510(01)00173-7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rechel, B., Ahmedov, M., Akkazieva, B., Katsaga, A., Khodjamurodov, G., & McKee, M. (2012). Lessons from two decades of health reform in Central Asia. Health Policy and Planning, 27, 281–287. doi: 10.1093/heapol/czr040
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rechel, B., Blackburn, C. M., Spencer, N. J., & Rechel, B. (2011). Regulatory barriers to equity in a health system in transition: A qualitative study in Bulgaria. BMC Health Services Research, 11, 219. doi:10.1186/1472-6963-11-219.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Riklikiene, O., Jarasiunaite, G., & Starkiene, L. (2014). Informal patient payments in publicly financed healthcare facilities in Lithuania. Scandinavian Journal of Public Health, 42, 488–496. doi: 10.1177/1403494814538125
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stepurko, T., Pavlova, M., Gryga, I., & Groot, W. (2013). Informal payments for health care services – Corruption or gratitude? A study on public attitudes, perceptions and opinions in six Central and Eastern European countries. Communist and Post-Communist Studies, 46, 419–431. doi: 10.1016/j.postcomstud.2013.08.004
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stepurko, T., Pavlova, M., Gryga, I., Murauskiene, L., & Groot, W. (2015). Informal payments for health care services: The case of Lithuania, Poland and Ukraine. Journal of Eurasian Studies, 6, 46–58. doi: 10.1016/j.euras.2014.11.002
   Google Scholar
• Szende, A., & Culyer, A. J. (2006). The inequity of informal payments for health care: The case of Hungary. Health Policy, 75, 262–271. doi: 10.1016/j.healthpol.2005.04.001
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tambor, M., Pavlova, M., Golinowska, S., Sowada, C., & Groot, W. (2013). The formal–informal patient payment mix in European countries. Governance, economics, culture or all of these? Health Policy, 113, 284–295. doi: 10.1016/j.healthpol.2013.09.011
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tomini, S., Groot, W., & Pavlova, M. (2012). Paying informally in the Albanian health care sector: A two-tiered stochastic frontier model. The European Journal of Health Economics, 13, 777–788. doi: 10.1007/s10198-011-0331-1
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tomini, S. M., & Groot, W. (2013). Paying informally for public health care in Albania: Scarce resources or governance failure? Applied Economics, 45, 5119–5130. doi: 10.1080/00036846.2013.818216
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tomini, S., & Maarse, H. (2011). How do patient characteristics influence informal payments for inpatient and outpatient health care in Albania: Results of logit and OLS models using Albanian LSMS 2005. BMC Health Services Research, 11, 375. doi:10.1186/1471-2458-11-375.
   Google Scholar
• Vian, T., Grybosk, K., Sinoimeri, Z., & Hall, R. (2006). Informal payments in government health facilities in Albania: Results of a qualitative study. Social Science & Medicine, 62, 877–887. doi: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2005.07.005
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Williams, C. C., & Horodnic, I. A. (2015a). Evaluating the prevalence of the undeclared economy in Central and Eastern Europe: An institutional asymmetry perspective. European Journal of Industrial Relations, 21, 389–406. doi: 10.1177/0143831X14568835
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Williams, C. C., & Horodnic, I. A. (2015b). Tackling the informal economy in South East Europe: An institutional approach. Journal of South East European and Black Sea Studies, 15, 519–539. doi: 10.1080/14683857.2015.1056980
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Williams, C. C., & Horodnic, I. A. (2015c). Explaining the prevalence of illegitimate wage practices in Southern Europe: An institutional analysis. South European Society and Politics, 20, 203–221. doi: 10.1080/13608746.2015.1013518
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Williams, C. C., Horodnic, I. A., & Horodnic, A. V. (2016). Who is making informal payments for public healthcare in East-Central Europe? An evaluation of socio-economic and spatial variations. Eastern Journal of European Studies, 7(1), 49–61.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar