1,188
Views
32
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original Articles

Synaesthesia: The existing state of affairs

&
Pages 93-117 | Received 26 Feb 2007, Accepted 14 Nov 2007, Published online: 13 Mar 2008

REFERENCES

  • Aleman , A. , Rutten , G.-J. M. , Sitskoorn , M. M. , Dautzenberg , G. and Ramsey , N. F. 2001 . Activation of striate cortex in the absence of visual stimulation: An fMRI study of synesthesia . NeuroReport , 12 : 2827 – 2830 .
  • Armel , K. C. and Ramachandran , V. S. 1999 . Acquired synesthesia in retinitis pigmentosa . Neurocase , 5 : 293 – 296 .
  • Bailey , M. E. S. and Johnson , K. J. 1997 . “ Synaesthesia: Is a genetic analysis feasible? ” . In Synaesthesia: Classic and contemporary readings , Edited by: Baron-Cohen , S. and Harrison , J. E. Oxford, , UK : Blackwell .
  • Baron-Cohen , S. , Burt , L. , Smith-Laittan , F. , Harrison , J. and Bolton , P. 1996 . Synaesthesia: Prevalence and familiality . Perception , 25 : 1073 – 1079 .
  • Baron-Cohen , S. , Harrison , J. , Goldstein , L. H. and Wyke , M. 1993 . Coloured speech perception: Is synaesthesia what happens when modularity breaks down? . Perception , 22 : 419 – 426 .
  • Baron-Cohen , S. , Wyke , M. A. and Binnie , C. 1987 . Hearing words and seeing colours: An experimental investigation of a case of synaesthesia . Perception , 16 : 761 – 767 .
  • Beck , J. 1966 . Effect of orientation and shape similarity on perceptual grouping . Perception & Psychophysics , 1 : 300 – 302 .
  • Blake , R. , Palmeri , T. J. , Marois , R. and Chai-Youn , K. 2005 . “ On the perceptual reality of synesthetic color ” . In Synesthesia: Perspectives from cognitive neuroscience , Edited by: Robertson , L. C. and Sagiv , N. 47 – 73 . New York : Oxford University Press .
  • Bouma , H. 1970 . Interaction effects in parafoveal letter recognition . Nature , 226 : 177 – 178 .
  • Cytowic , R. E. 1989 . Synesthesia: a union of the senses , New York : Springer .
  • Cytowic , R. E. 1993 . The man who tasted shapes , New York : Putnam .
  • Cytowic , R. E. 1996 . Synesthesia: Phenomenology and neuropsychology . Psyche , 2 Retrieved 10 January, 2007, from http://psyche.cs.monash.edu.au/v2/psyche-2–10-cytowic.html
  • Cytowic , R. E. 2002 . Touching tastes, seeing smells—and shaking up brain science . Cerebrum , 4 : 7 – 26 .
  • Cytowic , R. E. and Wood , F. B. 1982 . Synesthesia I: A review of theories and their brain basis . Brain and Cognition , 1 : 23 – 35 .
  • Dailey , A. , Martindale , C. and Borkum , J. 1997 . Creativity, synaesthesia and physiognomic perception . Creativity Research Journal , 10 : 1 – 8 .
  • Dann , K. T. 1998 . Bright colors falsely seen: Synaesthesia and the search for transcendental knowledge , New Haven, CT : Yale University Press .
  • Day , S. 2005 . “ Some demographic and socio-cultural aspects of synesthesia ” . In SYNESTHESIA: Perspectives from cognitive neuroscience , Edited by: Robertson , L. C. and Sagiv , N. 11 – 33 . New York : Oxford University Press .
  • Day , S. 2007 . Types of synaesthesia , Retrieved January 20, 2007, from http://home.comcast.net/%7Esean.day/Types.htm
  • Dixon , M. J. and Smilek , D. 2005 . The importance of individual differences in grapheme-color synesthesia . Neuron , 45 : 821 – 823 .
  • Dixon , M. J. , Smilek , D. , Cudahy , C. and Merikle , P. M. 2000 . Five plus two equals yellow . Nature , 406 : 365
  • Dixon , M. J. , Smilek , D. , Duffy , P. L. , Zanna , M. P. and Merikle , P. M. 2006 . The role of meaning in grapheme-colour synaesthesia . Cortex , 42 : 243 – 252 .
  • Dixon , M. J. , Smilek , D. and Merikle , P. M. 2004 . Not all synaesthetes are created equal: Projector versus associator synaesthetes . Cognitive, Affective, & Behavioral Neuroscience , 4 : 335 – 343 .
  • Domino , G. 1989 . Synaesthesia and creativity in fine arts students: An empirical look . Creativity Research Journal , 2 : 17 – 29 .
  • Edquist , J. , Rich , A. N. , Brinkman , C. and Mattingley , J. B. 2005 . Do synaesthetic colours act as unique features in visual search? . Cortex , 42 : 222 – 231 .
  • Fuentes , L. , Cohen-Kadosh , R. , Catena , A. and Henik , A. Synesthesia experience under post-hypnotic suggestion: Evidence in favour of the disinhibition hypothesis . Paper presented at the Synaesthesia, Science & Art: Second International Congress . Granada. April . Spain
  • Galton , F. 1997 . “ Colour associations ” . In Synesthesia: Classic and contemporary readings , Edited by: Baron-Cohen , S. and Harrison , J. E. 43 – 48 . Oxford, , UK : Blackwell . (Original work published 1880)
  • Grossenbacher , P. G. and Lovelace , C. T. 2001 . Mechanisms of synesthesia: Cognitive and physiological constraints . Trends In Cognitive Science , 5 : 36 – 41 .
  • Howells , T. H. 1944 . The experimental development of color–tone synesthesia . Journal of Experimental Psychology , 34 : 87 – 103 .
  • Hubbard , E. M. , Arman , A. C. , Ramachandran , V. S. and Boynton , G. M. 2005 . Individual differences among grapheme-color synaesthetes: Brain-behavior correlations . Neuron , 45 : 975 – 985 .
  • Hubbard , E. M. and Ramachandran , V. S. 2005 . Neurocognitive mechanisms of synesthesia . Neuron , 48 : 509 – 520 .
  • Kelly , E. L. 1934 . An experimental attempt to produce artificial chromaesthesia by the technique of the conditioned response . Journal of Experimental Psychology , 17 : 315 – 341 .
  • Kennedy , H. , Batardiere , A. , Dehay , C. and Barone , P. 1997 . “ Synaesthesia: Implications for developmental neurobiology ” . In Synaesthesia: classic and contemporary readings , Edited by: Baron-Cohen , S. and Harrison , J. E. 243 – 256 . Malden, MA : Blackwell Publishers .
  • Köhler , W. 1929 . Gestalt psychology , New York : Liveright .
  • Kooi , F. L. , Toet , A. , Tripathy , S. P. and Levi , D. M. 1994 . The effect of similarity and duration on spatial interaction in peripheral vision . Spatial Vision , 8 : 255 – 279 .
  • Krohn , W. O. 1892 . Pseudo-chromaesthesia, or the association of color with words, letters, and sounds . American Journal of Psychology , 5 : 20 – 41 .
  • Luria , A. R. 1968 . The mind of a mnemonist , New York : Basic Books .
  • MacLeod , C. M. and Dunbar , K. 1988 . Training and Stroop-like interference: Evidence for a continuum of automaticity . Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, & Cognition , 14 : 126 – 135 .
  • Marks , L. E. 1978 . The unity of the senses: Interrelations among the modalities , New York : Academic Press .
  • Marks , L. E. and Odgaard , E. C. 2005 . “ Developmental constraints on theories of synesthesia ” . In SYNESTHESIA: Perspectives from cognitive neuroscience , Edited by: Robertson , L. C. and Sagiv , N. 214 – 236 . New York : Oxford University Press .
  • Martin , A. , Haxby , J. V. , Lalonde , F. M. , Wiggs , C. L. and Ungerleider , L. G. 1995 . Discrete cortical regions associated with knowledge of color and knowledge of action . Science , 270 : 102 – 105 .
  • Mattingley , J. B. , Payne , J. M. and Rich , A. N. 2006 . Attentional load attenuates synaesthetic priming effects in grapheme-colour synaesthesia . Cortex , 42 : 213 – 221 .
  • Mattingley , J. B. , Rich , A. N. , Yelland , G. and Bradshaw , J. L. 2001 . Unconscious priming eliminates automatic binding of colour and alphanumeric form in synaesthesia . Nature , 410 : 580 – 582 .
  • Maurer , D. , Pathman , T. and Mondloch , C. J. 2006 . The shape of boubas: Sound–shape correspondences in toddlers and adults . Developmental Science , 9 : 316 – 322 .
  • Milán , E. G. , Hochel , M. , González , A. , Tornay , F. , McKenney , K. Díaz Caviedes , R. 2007 . Experimental study of phantom colors in a color blind synaesthete . Journal of Consciousness Studies , 14 : 75 – 95 .
  • Mills , C. B. , Boteler , E. H. and Oliver , G. K. 1999 . Digit synaesthesia: An ease using a Strooplike test . Cognitive Neuropsychology , 16 : 181 – 191 .
  • Myles , K. M. , Dixon , M. J. , Smilek , D. and Merikle , P. M. 2003 . Seeing double: The role of meaning in alphanumeric-colour synaesthesia . Brain and Cognition , 53 : 342 – 345 .
  • Nagel , T. 1974 . What is it like to be a bat? . Philosophical Review , 83 : 435 – 450 .
  • Nunn , J. A. , Gregory , L. J. , Brammer , M. , Wiliams , S. C. R. , Parslow , D. M. Morgan , M. J. 2002 . Functional magnetic resonance imaging of synesthesia: Activation of V4/V8 by spoken words . Nature Neuroscience , 5 : 371 – 375 .
  • Palmeri , T. J. , Blake , R. , Marois , R. , Flanery , M. A. and Whetsell , W. Jr. The perceptual reality of synesthetic colors . Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences . Vol. 99 , pp. 4127 – 4131 .
  • Paulesu , E. , Harrison , J. , Baron-Cohen , S. , Watson , J. D. G. , Goldstein , L. Heather , J. 1995 . The physiology of coloured hearing: A PET activation study of colour word synaesthesia . Brain , 118 : 661 – 676 .
  • Ramachandran , V. S. and Azoulai , S. 2006 . Synesthetically induced colors evoke apparent motion . Perception , 35 : 1557 – 1560 .
  • Ramachandran , V. S. and Hubbard , E. M. Psychophysical investigations into the neural basis of synaesthesia . Proceedings of the Royal Society of London . Vol. 268 , pp. 979 – 983 .
  • Ramachandran , V. S. and Hubbard , E. M. 2001b . Synaesthesia: A window into perception, thought and language . Journal of Consciousness Studies , 8 : 3 – 34 .
  • Ramachandran , V. S. and Hubbard , E. M. 2002 . Synesthetic colors support symmetry perception, apparent motion and ambiguous crowding . Abstracts of the Psychonomic Society , 7 : 79
  • Ramachandran , V. S. and Hubbard , E. M. 2003a . The phenomenology of synaesthesia . Journal of Consciousness Studies , 10 : 49 – 57 .
  • Ramachandran , V. and Hubbard , E. M. 2003b . Hearing colors, tasting shapes . Scientific American , 288 : 52 – 59 .
  • Ramachandran , V. S. and Hubbard , E. M. 2005 . “ The emergence of the human mind: Some clues from synesthesia ” . In Synesthesia: Perspectives from cognitive neuroscience , Edited by: Robertson , L. C. and Sagiv , N. 147 – 190 . New York : Oxford University Press .
  • Ramachandran , V. S. , Rogers-Ramachandran , D. and Stewart , M. 1992 . Perceptual correlates of massive cortical reorganization . Science , 258 : 1159 – 1160 .
  • Rich , A. N. , Bradshaw , J. L. and Mattingley , J. B. 2005 . A systematic, large-scale study of synaesthesia: Implications for the role of early experience in lexical-colour associations . Cognition , 98 : 53 – 84 .
  • Rich , A. N. and Mattingley , J. B. 2002 . Anomalous perception in synaesthesia: A cognitive neuroscience perspective . Nature Reviews Neuroscience , 3 : 43 – 52 .
  • Rich , A. N. , Williams , M. A. , Puce , A. , Syngeniotis , A. , Howard , M. A. McGlone , F. 2006 . Neural correlates of imagined and synaesthetic colours . Neuropsychologia , 44 : 2918 – 2925 .
  • Rouw , R. and Scholte , S. 2007 . Increased structural connectivity in grapheme-color synesthesia . Nature Neuroscience , 10 : 792 – 797 .
  • Sacks , O. , Wasserman , R. L. , Zeki , S. and Siegel , R. M. 1988 . Sudden color blindness of cerebral origin . Society for Neuroscience Abstracts , 14 : 1251
  • Schiltz , K. , Trocha , K. , Wieringa , B. M. , Emrich , H. M. , Johannes , S and Münte , T. F. 1999 . Neurophysiological aspects of synesthetic experience . The Journal of Neuropsychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences , 11 : 58 – 65 .
  • Simner , J. , Mulvenna , C. , Sagiv , N. , Tsakanikos , E. , Witherby , S. A. Fraser , C. 2006 . Synaesthesia: The prevalence of atypical cross-modal experiences . Perception , 35 : 1024 – 1033 .
  • Sitton , S. C. and Pierce , E. R. 2004 . Synesthesia, creativity and puns . Psychological Reports , 95 : 577 – 580 .
  • Smilek , D. and Dixon , M. J. 2002 . Towards a synergetic understanding of synaesthesia: Combining current experimental findings with synaesthetes' subjective description . PSYCHE , 8 ( 1 ) Retrieved December 12, 2006, from http://psyche.cs.monash.edu.au/v8/psyche-8–01-smilek.html
  • Smilek , D. , Dixon , M. J. , Cudahy , C. and Merikle , P. M. 2001 . Synaesthetic photisms influence visual perception . Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience , 13 : 930 – 936 .
  • Smilek , D. , Dixon , M. J. and Merikle , P. M. 2005 . Synaesthesia: Discordant male monozygotic twins . Neurocase , 11 : 363 – 370 .
  • Smilek , D. , Moffatt , B. A. , Pasternak , J. , White , B. N. , Dixon , M. J. and Merikle , P. M. 2002 . Synaesthesia: A case study of discordant monozygotic twins . Neurocase , 8 : 338 – 342 .
  • Spalding , J. M. K. and Zangwill , O. 1950 . Disturbance of number-form in a case of brain injury . Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry , 12 : 24 – 29 .
  • Sperling , J. M. , Prvulovic , D. , Linden , D. E. J. , Singer , W. and Stirn , A. 2006 . Neuronal correlates of color-graphemic synaesthesia: A fMRI study . Cortex , 42 : 295 – 303 .
  • Stroop , J. R. 1935 . Studies of interference in serial verbal reactions . Journal of Experimental Psychology , 18 : 643 – 662 .
  • Treisman , A. M. and Gelade , G. A. 1980 . A feature-integration theory of attention . Cognitive Psychology , 12 : 97 – 136 .
  • Walker , P. and Smith , S. 1984 . Stroop interference based on the synaesthetic qualities of auditory pitch . Perception , 13 : 75 – 81 .
  • Ward , J. 2004 . Emotionally mediated synaesthesia . Cognitive Neuropsychology , 21 : 761 – 772 .
  • Ward , J. , Huckstep , B. and Tsakanikos , E. 2006 . Sound-colour synaesthesia: To what extent does it use cross-modal mechanisms common to us all? . Cortex , 42 : 264 – 280 .
  • Ward , J. , Li , R. , Salih , S. and Sagiv , N. 2007 . Varieties of grapheme-colour synaesthesia: A new theory of phenomenological and behavioral differences . Consciousness and Cognition , 16 : 913 – 931 .
  • Ward , J. and Simner , J. 2003 . Lexical-gustatory synaesthesia: Linguistic and conceptual factors . Cognition , 89 : 237 – 261 .
  • Ward , J. and Simner , J. 2005 . Is synaesthesia an X-linked dominant trait with lethality in males? . Perception , 34 : 611 – 623 .
  • Weiss , P. H. , Shah , N. J. , Toni , I. , Zilles , K. and Fink , G. R. 2001 . Associating colours with people: A case of chromatic-lexical synaesthesia . Cortex , 37 : 750 – 753 .
  • Wheeler , R. H. 1920 . The synaesthesia of a blind subject . University of Oregon Publications , 5 : 1 – 61 .
  • Witthoft , N. and Winawer , J. 2006 . Synesthetic colors determined by having colored refrigerator magnets in childhood . Cortex , 42 : 175 – 183 .
  • Wollen , K. A. and Ruggiero , F. T. 1983 . Coloured-letter synaesthesia . Journal of Mental Imagery , 7 : 83 – 86 .

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.