511
Views
17
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original Articles

Lexical and nonlexical processing in developmental dyslexia: A case for different resources and different impairments

, , &
Pages 798-830 | Received 05 Mar 2007, Accepted 16 Jul 2008, Published online: 15 Sep 2008

REFERENCES

  • Aguiar , L. and Brady , S. 1991 . Vocabulary acquisition and reading ability . Reading and Writing: An Interdisciplinary Journal , 3 : 413 – 425 .
  • Baayen , R. , Piepenbrock , R. and Gulikers , L. 1995 . “ The CELEX database (release 2). Distributed by the Linguistic Data Consortium ” . University of Pennsylvania .
  • Bailey , C. E. , Manis , F. R. , Pederson , W. C. and Seidenberg , M. S. 2004 . Variation among developmental dyslexics: Evidence from a printed-word learning task . Journal of Experimental Child Psychology , 87 : 125 – 154 .
  • Birch , S. and Chase , C. 2004 . Visual and language processing deficits in compensated and uncompensated college students with dyslexia . Journal of Learning Disabilities , 37 : 389 – 410 .
  • Bosse , M.-L. , Tainturier , M. J. and Valdois , S. 2007 . Developmental dyslexia: The visual attentional span hypothesis . Cognition , 104 : 198 – 230 .
  • Bradley , L. and Bryant , P. 1983 . Categorizing sounds and learning to read—a causal connection . Nature , 310 : 419 – 421 .
  • Bruck , M. 1992 . Persistence of dyslexics' phonological awareness deficits . Developmental Psychology , 28 : 874 – 886 .
  • Campbell , R. and Butterworth , B. 1985 . Phonological dyslexia and dysgraphia in a highly literate subject: A developmental case with associated deficits of phonemic processing and awareness . The Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology , 37A : 435 – 475 .
  • Castles , A. and Coltheart , M. 1993 . Varieties of developmental dyslexia . Cognition , 47 : 149 – 180 .
  • Castles , A. and Coltheart , M. 1996 . Cognitive correlates of developmental surface dyslexia: A single case study . Cognitive Neuropsychology , 13 : 25 – 50 .
  • Castles , A. and Coltheart , M. 2004 . Is there a causal link from phonological awareness to success in learning to read? . Cognition , 91 : 77 – 111 .
  • Castles , A. , Datta , H. , Gayan , J. and Olson , R. K. 1999 . Varieties of developmental reading disorder: Genetic and environmental influences . Journal of Experimental Child Psychology , 72 : 73 – 94 .
  • Castles , A. , Holmes , V. M. , Neath , J. and Kinoshita , S. 2003 . How does orthographic knowledge influence performance on phonological awareness tasks? . Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology , 56A : 445 – 467 .
  • Coltheart , M. 1978 . “ Lexical access in simple reading tasks ” . In Strategies of information processing , Edited by: Underwood , G. London : Academic Press .
  • Coltheart , M. 1981 . The MRC psycholinguistic database . Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology , 33A : 497 – 505 .
  • Coltheart , M. , Curtis , B. , Atkins , P. and Haller , M. 1993 . Models of reading aloud: Dual route and parallel-distributed processing approaches . Psychological Review , 100 : 589 – 608 .
  • Coltheart , M. , Rastle , K. , Perry , C. , Langdon , R. and Ziegler , J. 2001 . DRC: A dual route cascaded model of visual word recognition and reading aloud . Psychological Review , 108 : 204 – 256 .
  • Crawford , J. R. , Garthwaite , P. H. and Gray , C. D. 2003 . Wanted: Fully operational definitions of dissociations in single-case studies . Cortex , 39 : 357 – 370 .
  • Curtin , S. , Manis , F. R. and Seidenberg , M. S. 2001 . Parallels between the reading and spelling deficits of two subgroups of developmental dyslexics . Reading and Writing: An international Journal , 14 : 515 – 547 .
  • D'Agostino , R. B. , Belanger , A. and D'Agostino , R. B. 1990 . A suggestion for using powerful and informative tests of normality . The American Statistician , 44 : 316 – 321 .
  • Di Betta , A. M. and Romani , C. 2006 . Lexical learning and dysgraphia in a group of adults with developmental dyslexia . Cognitive Neuropsychology , 23 : 376 – 400 .
  • Dietrich , J. A. and Brady , S. A. 2001 . Phonological representations of adult poor readers: An investigation of specificity and stability . Applied Psycholinguistics , 22 : 383 – 418 .
  • Dunlap , W. P. , Burke , M. J. and Greer , T. 1995 . The effect of skew on the magnitude of product moment correlations . The Journal of General Psychology , 122 : 365 – 377 .
  • Ehri , L. C. 1992 . “ Reconceptualizing the development of sight word reading and its relationship to decoding ” . In Reading acquisition , Edited by: Gough , P. B. , Ehri , L. C. and Treiman , R. Hillsdale, NJ : Lawrence Erlbaum Associates .
  • Facoetti , A. , Zorzi , M. , Cestnick , L. , Lorusso , M. L. , Molteni , M. Pagagnoni , P. 2006 . The relationship between visuo-spatial attention and nonword reading in developmental dyslexia . Cognitive Neuropsychology , 23 : 841 – 855 .
  • Felton , R. H. , Naylor , C. E. and Wood , F. 1990 . Neuropsychological profiles of adult dyslexics . Brain and Language , 39 : 485 – 497 .
  • Flynn , J. M. , Deering , W. , Goldstein , M. and Rahbar , M. H. 1992 . Electrophysiological correlates of dyslexic subtypes . Journal of Learning Disabilities , 25 : 133 – 141 .
  • Goulandris , N. K. and Snowling , M. 1991 . Visual memory deficits: A plausible cause of developmental dyslexia? Evidence from a single case study . Cognitive Neuropsychology , 8 : 127 – 154 .
  • Griffiths , Y. and Snowling , M. J. 2002 . Predictors of exception word and nonword reading in dyslexic children: The severity hypothesis . Journal of Educational Psychology , 94 : 34 – 43 .
  • Hanley , J. R. 1997 . Reading and spelling impairments in undergraduate students with developmental dyslexia . Journal of Research in Reading , 20 : 22 – 30 .
  • Hanley , J. R. , Hastie , K. and Kay , J. 1992 . Developmental surface dyslexia and dysgraphia: An orthographic processing impairment . The Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology , 44A : 285 – 319 .
  • Hanna , P. R. , Hanna , J. S. , Hodges , R. E. and Rudorf , E. H. 1966 . Phoneme–grapheme correspondences as cues to spelling improvement , Washington, DC : US Office of Education, Department of Health, Education and Welfare .
  • Hari , R. and Renvall , H. 2001 . Impaired processing of rapid stimulus sequences in dyslexia . Trends in Cognitive Sciences , 5 : 525 – 532 .
  • Harm , M. W. and Seidenberg , M. S. 1999 . Phonology, reading acquisition, and dyslexia: Insights from connectionist models . Psychological Review , 106 : 491 – 528 .
  • Harm , M. W. and Seidenberg , M. S. 2004 . Computing the meanings of words in reading: Cooperative division of labor between visual and phonological processes . Psychological Review , 111 : 662 – 720 .
  • Hatcher , J. , Snowling , M. J. and Griffiths , Y. M. 2002 . Cognitive assessment of dyslexic students in higher education . British Journal of Educational Psychology , 72 : 119 – 133 .
  • Hawelka , S. and Wimmer , H. 2005 . Impaired visual processing of multi-element arrays is associated with increased number of eye movements in dyslexic reading . Vision Research , 45 : 855 – 863 .
  • Holmes , V. M. and Ng , E. 1993 . Word-specific knowledge, word-recognition strategies and spelling ability . Journal of Memory and Language , 32 : 230 – 257 .
  • Holmes , V. M. and Standish , J. M. 1996 . Skilled reading with impaired phonology: A case study . Cognitive Neuropsychology , 13 : 1207 – 1222 .
  • Hulme , C. , Goetz , K. , Gooch , D. , Adams , J. and Snowling , M. J. 2007 . Paired-associate learning, phoneme awareness and learning to read . Journal of Experimental Child Psychology , 96 : 150 – 166 .
  • Kay , J. , Lesser , R. and Coltheart , M. 1992 . PALPA: Psycholinguistic assessment of language processing in aphasia , London : Lawrence Erlbaum Associates .
  • Landerl , K. and Wimmer , H. 2000 . Deficits in phoneme segmentation are not the core problem of dyslexia: Evidence from German and English children . Applied Psycholinguistics , 21 : 243 – 262 .
  • Manis , F. R. , Seidenberg , M. S. , Doi , L. M. , McBride-Chang , C. and Petersen , A. 1996 . On the bases of two subtypes of developmental dyslexia . Cognition , 58 : 157 – 195 .
  • Manis , F. R. , Seidenberg , M. S. , Stallings , L. , Joannisse , M. , Bailey , C. Freedman , L. 1999 . Development of dyslexic subgroups: A one-year follow up . Annals of Dyslexia , 49 : 105 – 134 .
  • Mayringer , H. and Wimmer , H. 2000 . Pseudoname learning by German-speaking children with dyslexia: Evidence for a phonological learning deficit . Journal of Experimental Child Psychology , 75 : 116 – 133 .
  • Messbauer , V. C. S. and de Jong , P. F. 2003 . Word, nonword, and visual paired associate learning in Dutch dyslexic children . Journal of Experimental Child Psychology , 84 : 77 – 96 .
  • Milne , R. D. , Nicholson , T. and Corballis , M. C. 2003 . Lexical access and phonological decoding in adult dyslexic subtypes . Neuropsychology , 17 : 362 – 368 .
  • Olson , R. K. , Forsberg , H. and Wise , B. 1994 . “ Genes, environment and the development of orthographic skills ” . In Varieties of orthographic knowledge: Theoretical and developmental issues , Edited by: Berninger , V. Vol. 1 , 27 – 71 . Dordrecht, , The Netherlands : Kluwer Academic .
  • Olson , R. , Wise , B. , Conners , F. , Rack , J. and Fulker , D. 1989 . Specific deficits in component reading and language skills: Genetic and environmental influences . Journal of Learning Disabilities , 22 : 339 – 348 .
  • Pammer , K. , Lavis , R. , Hansen , P. and Cornelissen , P. L. 2004 . Symbol-string sensitivity and children reading . Brain and Language , 89 : 601 – 610 .
  • Perin , D. 1983 . Phonemic segmentation in spelling . British Journal of Psychology , 74 : 129 – 144 .
  • Plaut , D. C. , McClelland , J. L. , Seidenberg , M. S. and Patterson , K. 1996 . Understanding normal and impaired reading: Computational principles in quasi-regular domains . Psychological Review , 103 : 56 – 115 .
  • Rack , J. P. , Hulme , C. , Snowling , M. and Wightman , J. 1994 . The role of phonology in young children's learning of sight words: The direct mapping hypothesis . Journal of Experimental Child Psychology , 57 : 42 – 71 .
  • Rack , J. P. , Snowling , M. J. and Olson , R. K. 1992 . The nonword reading deficit in developmental dyslexia: A review . Reading Research Quarterly , 27 : 29 – 53 .
  • Rey , A. 1964 . L = examen clinique en psychologie , Paris : Presses Universitaires de France . [Clinical examination in psychology]
  • Romani , C. and Stringer , M. 1994 . Developmental dyslexia: A problem acquiring orthographic/phonological information in the face of good visual memory and short-term memory . Brain and Language , 57 : 482 – 485 .
  • Romani , C. , Ward , J. and Olson , A. 1999 . Developmental surface dysgraphia: What is the underlying cognitive impairment? . The Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology , 52A : 97 – 128 .
  • Schonell , F. J. 1985 . Essentials in teaching and testing spelling , Rev. , London : McMillan Education .
  • Seidenberg , M. S. and McClelland , J. L. 1989 . A distributed, developmental model of word recognition and naming . Psychological Review , 96 : 523 – 568 .
  • Seidenberg , M. S. , Waters , G. S. and Barnes , M. A. 1984 . When does irregular spelling or pronunciation influence word recognition? . Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior , 23 : 383 – 404 .
  • Snowling , M. 2000 . Dyslexia , 2 , Oxford, , UK : Blackwell .
  • Snowling , M. , Nation , K. , Moxham , P. , Gallagher , A. and Frith , U. 1997 . Phonological processing skills of dyslexic students in higher education: A preliminary report . Journal of Research in Reading , 20 : 31 – 41 .
  • Snowling , M. , Stackhouse , J. and Rack , J. P. 1986 . Phonological dyslexia and dysgraphia: A developmental analysis . Cognitive Neuropsychology , 3 : 309 – 339 .
  • Sprenger-Charolles , L. , Colé , P. , Lacert , P. and Serniclaes , W. 2000 . On subtypes of developmental dyslexia: Evidence from processing time and accuracy scores . Canadian Journal of Experimental Psychology , 54 : 87 – 103 .
  • Stanovich , K. E. 1988 . Explaining differences between dyslexic and the garden-variety poor reader: The phonological-core variable-difference model . Journal of Learning Disabilities , 21 : 590 – 612 .
  • Stanovich , K. E. and Siegel , L. S. 1994 . Phenotypic performance profile of children with reading disabilities: A regression-based test of the phonological-core variable-difference model . Journal of Educational Psychology , 86 : 24 – 53 .
  • Stanovich , K. E. , Siegel , L. S. and Gottardo , A. 1997 . Converging evidence for phonological and surface subtypes of reading disability . Journal of Educational Psychology , 89 : 114 – 127 .
  • Valdois , S. , Bosse , M.-L. and Tainturier , M. J. 2004 . The cognitive deficits responsible for developmental dyslexia: Review of evidence for a selective visual attentional disorder . Dyslexia , 10 : 339 – 363 .
  • Vellutino , F. R. , Scanlon , D. M. and Spearing , D. 1995 . Semantic and phonological coding in poor and normal readers . Journal of Experimental Child Psychology , 59 : 76 – 123 .
  • Wagner , R. K. and Torgesen , J. K. 1987 . The nature of phonological processing and its causal role in the acquisition of reading skills . Psychological Bulletin , 101 : 192 – 212 .
  • Wechsler , D. 1981 . Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale , Rev. , New York : The Psychological Corporation, Harcourt Brace Jovanovich .
  • Wechsler , D. 1987 . Wechsler Memory Scale , Rev. , New York : The Psychological Corporation, Harcourt Brace Jovanovich .
  • Whitney , C. and Cornelissen , P. 2005 . Letter-position encoding and dyslexia . Journal of Research in Reading , 28 : 274 – 301 .
  • Wimmer , H. , Mayringer , H. and Landerl , K. 1998 . Poor reading: A deficit in skill-automatization or a phonological deficit? . Scientific Studies of Reading , 2 : 321 – 340 .
  • Windfuhr , K. L. and Snowling , M. 2001 . The association between paired associate learning and phonological skills in normally developing readers . Journal of Experimental Child Psychology , 80 : 160 – 173 .

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.