Spelling ability in congenital dysarthria: Evidence against articulatory coding in translating between phonemes and graphemes

References

• Baddeley , A. D. and Lewis , V. 1981 . “ Inner active processes in reading: The inner voice, the inner ear, and the inner eye ” . In Interactive Processes in Reading , Edited by: Lesgold , A. M. and Perfetti , C. A. Hillsdale, N. J. : Lawrence Erlbaum Associates Inc. .
   Google Scholar
• Baddeley , A. D. , Thomson , N. and Buchanan , M. 1975 . Word length and the structure of short‐term memory . Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior , 14 : 575 – 589 .
   Google Scholar
• Baddeley , A. D. and Wilson , B. in press . Phonological coding and short‐term memory in patients without speech . Journal of Memory and Language ,
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Basso , A. , Taborelli , A. and Vignolo , L. A. 1978 . Dissociated disorders of speaking and writing in aphasia . Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Psychiatry , 41 : 556 – 563 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Beauvois , M. and Derouesne , J. 1981 . Lexical or orthographic agraphia . Brain , 104 : 21 – 49 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Besner , D. and Davelaar , E. 1982 . Basic processes in reading: Two phonological codes . Canadian Journal of Psychology , 36 : 701 – 711 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Besner , D. , Davies , J. and Daniels , S. 1981 . Reading for meaning: The effects of concurrent articulation . Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology , 33A : 415 – 437 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bishop , D. V. M. and Rosenbloom , L. 1985 . “ Classification and overview of childhood language disorders ” . In Language Development and Disorders. Clinics in Developmental Medicine , Edited by: Yule , W. , Rutter , M. and Bax , M. London : SIMP/Blackwell Scientific & Lippincott . double issue
   Google Scholar
• Bryant , P. E. and Bradley , L. 1980 . “ Why children sometimes write words which they cannot read ” . In Cognitive processes in spelling , Edited by: Frith , U. London : Academic Press .
   Google Scholar
• Bryant , P. E. and Bradley , L. 1983 . “ Psychological strategies and the development of reading and writing ” . In The psychology of written language , Edited by: Martlew , M. New York : John Wiley & Sons .
   Google Scholar
• Carrell , J. and Pendergast , K. 1954 . An experimental study of the possible relation between errors of speech and spelling . Journal of Speech and Hearing Disorders , 19 : 327 – 334 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Coltheart , M. 1980 . “ Reading, phonological recoding, and deep dyslexia ” . In Deep dyslexia , Edited by: Coltheart , M. , Patterson , K. and Marshall , J. C. London : Routledge & Kegan Paul .
   Google Scholar
• Cromer , R. F. 1980 . “ Spontaneous spelling by language‐disordered children ” . In Cognitive processes in spelling , Edited by: Frith , U. London, New York : Academic Press .
   Google Scholar
• Darley , F. L. , Aronson , A. E. and Brown , J. R. 1975 . Motor speech disorders , Philadelphia : W. B. Saunders Co. .
   Google Scholar
• Desberg , P. , Elliot , D. E. and Marsh , G. 1980 . “ American Black English and spelling ” . In Cognitive processes in spelling , Edited by: Frith , U. London : Academic Press .
   Google Scholar
• Dodd , B. 1980 . “ The spelling abilities of profoundly pre‐lingually deaf children ” . In Cognitive processes in spelling , Edited by: Frith , U. London : Academic Press .
   Google Scholar
• Dunn , L. M. , Dunn , L. M. , Whetton , C. and Pintillie , D. 1982 . British picture vocabuiary scale , Windsor : NFER‐Nelson .
   Google Scholar
• Ellis , A. W. 1982 . “ Spelling and writing (and reading and speaking) ” . In Normality and pathology in cognitive functions , Edited by: Ellis , A. W. London : Academic Press .
   Google Scholar
• Fourcin , A. J. 1975 . “ Language development in the absence of expressive speech ” . In Foundations of language development , Edited by: Lenneberg , E. and Lenneberg , E. volume 1 , New York : Academic Press .
   Google Scholar
• Frith , U. 1979 . “ Reading by eye and writing by ear ” . In Processing of visible language , Edited by: Kolers , P. A. , Wrolstad , M. E. and Bouma , H. volume 1 , New York : Plenum Press .
   Google Scholar
• Frith , U. 1980 . “ Unexpected spelling problems ” . In Cognitive processes in spelling , Edited by: Frith , U. London : Academic Press .
   Google Scholar
• Ham , R. E. 1958 . Relationship between misspellings and misarticulation . Journal of Speech and Hearing Disorders , 23 : 294 – 297 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Hughes , R. E. 1983 . The internal representation of word‐final phonemes in phonologically‐disordered children . British Journal of Disorders of Communication , 18 : 78 – 88 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Hulme , C. , Thomson , N. , Muir , C. and Lawrence , A. 1984 . Speech rate and the development of short‐term memory span . Journal of Experimental Child Psychology , 38 : 241 – 253 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kent , R. D. 1983 . “ The segmental organization of speech ” . In The production of speech , Edited by: MacNeilage , P. F. New York : Springer‐Verlag .
   Google Scholar
• Kimura , Y. and Bryant , P. 1983 . Reading and writing in English and Japanese: A cross‐cultural study of young children . British Journal of Developmental Psychology , 1 : 143 – 154 .
   Google Scholar
• Langmore , S. E. and Canter , G. J. 1983 . Written spelling deficit of Broca's aphasics . Brain and Language , 18 : 293 – 314 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MacNeilage , P. F. 1980 . “ The control of speech production ” . In Child phonology. Volume 1: Production , Edited by: Yeni‐Komshian , G. and Ferguson , C. A. New York : Academic Press .
   Google Scholar
• Marcel , T. 1980 . “ Phonological awareness and phonological representation: Investigation of a specific spelling problem ” . In Cognitive processes in spelling , Edited by: Frith , U. London : Academic Press .
   Google Scholar
• Miller , G. A. and Nicely , P. E. 1955 . An analysis of perceptual confusions among some English consonants . Journal of the Acoustical Society of America , 27 : 338 – 352 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moll , K. L. 1968 . “ Speech characteristics of individuals with cleft lip and palate ” . In Cleft palate and communication , Edited by: Spriestersbach , D. C. and Sherman , D. New York : Academic Press .
   Google Scholar
• Nelson , H. E. 1980 . “ Analysis of spelling errors in normal and dyslexic children ” . In Cognitive processes in spelling , Edited by: Frith , U. London : Academic Press .
   Google Scholar
• Perkell , J. S. 1980 . “ Phonetic features and the physiology of speech production ” . In Language production , Edited by: Butterworth , B. volume, 1 , New York : Academic Press .
   Google Scholar
• Platt , L. J. , Andrews , G. and Howie , P. M. 1980 . Dysarthria of adult cerebral palsy: II. Phonemic analysis of articulation errors . Journal of Speech and Hearing Research , 23 : 41 – 55 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Rosenbek , J. C. , Kent , R. D. and LaPointe , L. L. 1984 . “ Apraxia of speech: An overview and some perspectives ” . In Apraxia of speech: Physiology, acoustics, linguistics, management , Edited by: Rosenbek , J. C. , McNeil , M. R. and Aronson , A. E. San Diego : College‐Hill Press .
   Google Scholar
• Snowling , M. and Stackhouse , J. 1983 . Spelling performance of children with developmental verbal dyspraxia . Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology , 25 : 430 – 437 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Southgate , V. 1962 . Southgate group reading tests , Sevenoaks : Hodder & Stoughton Educational .
   Google Scholar
• Stackhouse , J. 1982 . An investigation of reading and spelling performance in speech disordered children . British Journal of Disorders of Communication , 17 : 53 – 60 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Sterling , C. M. 1983 . Spelling errors in context . British Journal of Psychology , 74 : 353 – 364 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stevens , N. N. 1983 . “ Design features of speech sound systems ” . In The production of speech , Edited by: MacNeilage , P. F. New York : Springer‐Verlag .
   Google Scholar
• Vernon , P. E. 1977 . Graded word spelling test , London : Hodder & Stoughton .
   Google Scholar
• Wapner , W. and Gardner , H. 1979 . A study of spelling in aphasia . Brain and Language , 7 : 363 – 374 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yoss , K. and Darley , F. 1974 . Developmental apraxia of speech in children with defective articulation . Journal of Speech and Hearing Research , 17 : 399 – 416 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Brown , G. D. A. 1982 . Concurrent articulation and word segmentation , Unpublished Ph.D. thesis University of Sussex .
   Google Scholar