Minority stress, experience of parenthood and child adjustment in lesbian families

References

• Achenbach TM 1991 Manual for the child behaviour checklist/4–18. Burlington, VT: University of Vermont Department of Psychiatry
   Google Scholar
• Bos HMW Sandfort Th.GM 1999 Homoseksuele mannen en vrouwen over hun werksituatie. ‘De prijs die ik betaal’. Zoetermeer: ABVAKABO FNV
   Google Scholar
• Brewaeys , A , Ponjaert , I , Van Hall , EV and Golombok , S . 1997 . Donor insemination: child development & family functioning in lesbian mother families with 4 to 8 year old children . Human Reproduction , 12 : 1349 – 1359 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brooks V 1981 Minority stress and lesbian women. Lexington, MA: Lexington Books, D.C. Health
   Google Scholar
• Crnic , KA , Greenberg , MT , Ragozin , AS , Robinson , MM and Basham , RB . 1983 . Effects of stress and social support on mothers and premature and full‐term infants . Child Development , 54 : 209 – 217 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• de Graaf H Sandfort Th 2001 De maatschappelijke positie van homoseksuele mannen en lesbische vrouwen (The position of gay men and lesbian women in Dutch society). Utrecht: RNG
   Google Scholar
• DiPlacido J 1998 Minority stress among lesbians, gay men, and bisexuals: a consequence of heterosexism, homophobia, and stigmatization In: G.M. Herek (Ed.), Stigma and sexual orientation. Understanding prejudice against lesbians, gay men, and bisexuals: psychological perspectives on lesbian and gay issues, Vol. 4, pp. 138–159. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage
   Google Scholar
• Flaks , DK , Ficher , I , Masterpasqua , F and Joseph , G . 1995 . Lesbian choosing motherhood: a comparative study of lesbian and heterosexual parents and their children . Developmental Psychology , 31 : 105 – 114 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Garnets , L , Herek , GM and Levy , B . 1990 . Violence and victimization of lesbians and gay men: mental health consequences . Journal of Interpersonal Violence , 5 : 366 – 383 .
   Google Scholar
• Gartrell , N , Hamilton , J , Banks , A , Mosbacher , D , Reed , N , Sparks , CH and Bishop , H . 1996 . The national lesbian family study: interviews with prospective mothers . American Journal of Orthopsychiatry , 66 : 272 – 281 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Goffman E 1963 Stigma: notes on the management of spoiled identity. New York: Simon and Schuster
   Google Scholar
• Golombok S 2000 Parenting: what really counts? London: Routledge
   Google Scholar
• Golombok , S , Tasker , FL and Murray , C . 1997 . Children raised in fatherless families from infancy: family relationships and the socioemotional development of children of lesbian and single heterosexual mothers . Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, and Allied Disciplines , 38 : 783 – 791 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Golombok , S , Perry , B , Burston , A , Golding , J , Murray , C , Mooney‐Somers , J and Stevens , M . 2003 . Children with lesbian parents: a community study . Developmental Psychology , 39 : 20 – 33 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Herek GM Glunt EK 1995 Identity and community among gay and bisexual men in the AIDS era: preliminary findings from the Sacramento men's health study In: G. M. Herek & B. Greene (Eds), AIDS, identity, and community, pp. 55–84. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage
   Google Scholar
• Herek , GM , Cogan , JC , Gillis , JR and Glunt , EK . 1997 . Correlates of internalized homophobia in a community samples of lesbians and gay men . Journal of the Gay and Lesbian Medical Association , 2 : 17 – 25 .
   Google Scholar
• Herek , GM , Gillis , JR and Cogan , JC . 1999 . Psychological sequelae of hate‐crime victimization among lesbian, gay, and bisexual adults . Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology , 67 : 945 – 951 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hubert AB 1996 Mobbing, pestgedrag op de werkplak: een exploratief onderzoek. Leiden: Rijksuniversiteit
   Google Scholar
• Johnson AM Wadsworth J Wellings K Field J (Eds) 1994 Sexual attitudes and lifestyles. Oxford: Blackwell Scientific
   Google Scholar
• Kaeser P Gillespie G 1999 Loves makes a family: portraits of lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender parents and their families. Amherst: University of Massachusetts Press
   Google Scholar
• King , BR and Black , KN . 1999 . College students' perceptual stigmatization of the children of lesbian mothers . American Journal of Orthopsychiatry , 69 : 220 – 227 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Leiblum , SR , Palmer , MG and Spector , IP . 1995 . Non‐traditional mothers: single heterosexual/lesbian women and lesbian couples electing motherhood via donor insemination . Journal of Psychosomatic Obstetrics and Gynaecology , 16 : 11 – 20 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Leymann , H . 1990 . Mobbing and psychological terror at workplaces . Violence and Victims , 5 : 119 – 126 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Mays , VM and Cochran , SD . 2001 . Mental health correlates of perceived discrimination among lesbian, gay, and bisexual adults in the United States . American Journal of Public Health , 91 : 1869 – 1876 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McCandlish B 1987 Against all odds: lesbian mothers family dynamics In: F. Bozett (Ed.), Gay and lesbian parents, pp. 23–38. New York: Praeger
   Google Scholar
• Meyer , IH . 1995 . Minority stress and mental health in gay men . Journal of Health and Social Behavior , 36 : 38 – 56 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Meyer , IH . 2003a . Prejudice, social stress, and mental health in lesbian, gay, and bisexual populations: conceptual issues and research evidence . Psychological Bulletin , 129 : 674 – 697 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Meyer , IH . 2003b . Prejudice as stress: conceptual and measurement problems . American Journal of Public Health , 93 : 262 – 265 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Morningstar B 1999 Lesbian parents: understanding development pathways In: J. Laird (Ed.), Lesbians and lesbian families: reflection on theory and practice, pp. 213–241. New York: Columbia University Press
   Google Scholar
• Morris , JF , Balsam , KF and Rothblum , ED . 2002 . Lesbian and bisexual mothers and nonmothers: demographics and the coming‐out process . Journal of Family Psychology , 16 : 144 – 156 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nungesser LG 1983 Homosexual acts, actors, and identities. New York: Praeger
   Google Scholar
• O˝stberg , M and Hagekull , B . 2000 . A structural modelling approach to the understanding of parenting stress . Journal of Clinical Child Psychology , 29 : 615 – 625 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Patterson CJ 1994 Children of the lesbian baby boom: behavioral adjustment, self‐concepts, and sex‐role identity In: B. Greene & G. Herek (Eds), Psychological perspectives on lesbian and gay issues: Vol. 1. Lesbian and gay psychology: theory, research, and clinical applications, pp. 156–175. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage
   Google Scholar
• Patterson , CJ . 1995 . Families of the lesbian baby boom: parents' division of labor and children's adjustment . Developmental Psychology , 31 : 115 – 123 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Patterson CJ 2001 Families of the lesbian baby boom: maternal mental health and child adjustment In: D.F. Glazer & J. Drescher (Eds), Gay and lesbian parenting, pp. 91–108. New York: Haworth Press
   Google Scholar
• Robbroeckx LMH Wels PMA 1989 Nijmeegse vragenlijst voor de opvoedingssituatie (NVOS) (Nijmegen questionnaire regarding child‐rearing circumstances). Nijmegen: Instituut voor orthopedagogiek, katholieke Universiteit Nijmegen
   Google Scholar
• Ross , MW and Rosser , BR . 1996 . Measurement and correlates of internalized homophobia: a factor analytic study . Journal of Clinical Psychology , 52 : 15 – 21 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rothuizen J 2001 Lesbisch ouderschap (Lesbian parenting) In: K.A.P.De Bruin & M. Balkema (Eds), Liever vrouwen. Theorie en praktijk van de lesbisch‐specifieke hulpverlening, pp. 119–136. Amsterdam: Schorer Boeken
   Google Scholar
• Sandfort Th.GM 1997 Samen of Apart. Wat homoseksuele mannen en lesbische vrouwen beweegt (Together or separate. Aspects that affects gay men and lesbian women). Utrecht: Utrecht University, Department of Gay and Lesbian Studies
   Google Scholar
• Sandfort Th.GM 1998 Homosexual and bisexual behaviour in European countries In: M. Hubert, N. Bajos & Th.G.M. Sandfort (Eds), Sexual behaviour and HIV/AIDS in Europe, pp. 68–106. London: UCL Press
   Google Scholar
• Sandfort Th.GM 2000 Homosexuality, psychology, and gay, lesbian studies In: Th.G.M Sandfort, J. Schuyf, J.W. Duyvendak & J. Weeks (Eds), Lesbian and gay studies: an introductory, interdisciplinary approach, pp. 14–45. London: Sage
   Google Scholar
• Sandfort Th.GM Bos H 2000 Being open at work. Paper presented at APA congres 2000
   Google Scholar
• Sandfort Th.GM Bos H Vet R in press Lesbians and gay men at work: consequences of being out In: A.M. Omoto & H.S. Kurtzman (Eds), Sexual orientation, mental health, and substance use: contemporary scientific perspectives. London: Sage
   Google Scholar
• Seyda B Herrrera D 1998 Women in love: portraits of lesbian mothers and their families. Boston: Bulfinch Press Book
   Google Scholar
• Shidlo A 1994 Internalized homophobia: conceptual and empirical issues in measurement In: B. Greene & G. Herek (Eds), Psychological perspectives on lesbian and gay issues: Vol. 1. Lesbian and gay psychology: theory, research, and clinical applications, pp. 176–205. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage
   Google Scholar
• Slater S 1999 The lesbian family life cycle. Chicago: University of Illinois Press
   Google Scholar
• Steckel A 1987 Psychological development of children of lesbian mothers In: F.W. Bozett (Ed.), Gay and lesbian parents, pp. 75–85. New York: Praeger
   Google Scholar
• Szymanski , DM , Chung , B and Balsam , KF . 2001 . Psychosocial correlates of internalized homophobia in lesbians . Measurement and Evaluation in Counselling and Development , 34 : 27 – 38 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tasker FL Golombok S 1997 Growing up in a lesbian family: effects on child development. London: Guilford Press
   Google Scholar
• Touroni , E and Coyle , A . 2002 . Decision‐making in planned lesbian parenting: an interpretative phenomenological analysis . Journal of Community and Applied Social Psychology , 12 : 194 – 209 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Van de Meerendonk B Scheepers P (in press). Denial of equal rights for lesbians and gay men. Accepted for publication in the Journal of Homosexuality
   Google Scholar
• Van der Avort A Cuyvers P De Hoog K 1996 Het Nederlandse gezinsleven aan het eind van de twintigste eeuw (Dutch family live at the end of the 20th century). Den Haag: Nederlandse Gezinsraad
   Google Scholar
• Vanfraussen , K , Ponjaert‐Kristoffersen , I and Brewaeys , A . 2002 . What does it mean for youngsters to grow up in a lesbian family created by means of donor insemination? . Journal of Reproductive and Infant Psychology , 20 : 237 – 252 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Verhulst F van den Ende J Koot H 1996 Manual for the Dutch version of the child behaviour checklist/4–18. Rotterdam: University of Rotterdam, Department of Child Psychiatry
   Google Scholar
• Waaldijk K 1993 The legal situation in the member states In: K. Waalwijk & A. Clapham (Eds), Homosexuality: a European community issue, pp. 130–138. Dordrecht: Martinus Nijhoff
   Google Scholar
• Waldo , CR . 1999 . Working in a majority context: a structural model of heterosexism as minority stress in the workplace . Journal of Counselling Psychology , 46 : 218 – 232 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Warmerdam H Gort A 1998 Meer dan gewenst. Handboek voor lesbische en homoseksuele ouders (More than wished for. Handbook for lesbian and gay parents). Amsterdam: Schorer Boeken
   Google Scholar
• Weeks J Heaphy B Donovan C 2001 Same‐sex intimacies: families of choice and other life experiments. London: Routledge
   Google Scholar
• Weinraub , M and Wolf , B . 1983 . Effects of stress and social supports and two‐parent families . Child Development , 54 : 1297 – 1311 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wels , PMA and Robbroeckx , LMH . 1991 . Gezinsbelasting en hulpverlening aan gezinnen II, de constructie van de Nijmeegse vragenlijst voor opvoedingssituatie (Family stress and family counselling II, the construction of the Nijmegen questionnaire regarding child‐rearing circumstances) . Tijdschrift voor Orthopedagogiek , 30 : 63 – 79 .
   Google Scholar
• Werner EE Smith RS 1982 Vulnerable but invincible: a longitudinal study of resilient children and youth. New York: McGraw Hill
   Google Scholar
• Widmer , ED , Treas , J and Newcomb , R . 1998 . Attitudes toward non‐marital sex in 24 countries . Journal of Sex Research , 35 : 349 – 358 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar