Perimenopause lost—reframing the end of menstruation

References

• Austin , P. C. , Mamdani , M. M. , Tu , K. and Jaakkimainen , L. 2003 . Prescriptions for estrogen replacement therapy in Ontario before and after publication of the Women's Health Initiative Study. . Journal of the American Medical Association , 289 : 3241 – 3242 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Avis , N. E. , Kaufert , P. A. , Lock , M. , McKinlay , S. M. and Vass , K. 1993 . The evolution of menopausal symptoms. . Baillieres Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism , 7 : 17 – 32 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Baldaszti , E. , Wimmer‐Puchinger , B. and Loschke , K. 2003 . Acceptability of the long‐term contraceptive levonorgestrel‐releasing intrauterine system (Mirena): a 3‐year follow‐up study. . Contraception , 67 : 87 – 91 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Beral , V. , Banks , E. and Reeves , G. 2002 . Evidence from randomised trials on the long‐term effects of hormone replacement therapy. . Lancet , 360 : 942 – 944 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Boston Women's Health Book Collective . 2005 . The new our bodies ourselves , New York : Simon & Shuster .
   Google Scholar
• Breen , M. J. and Hall , L. 1999 . So many changes , Toronto : Lawrence Heights Community Health Centre Press .
   Google Scholar
• Burger , H. G. 1995 . The endocrinology of the menopausal transition: a cross‐sectional study of a population‐based sample. . Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism , 80 : 3537 – 3545 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Byyny , R. L. and Speroff , L. 1990 . A clinical guide for the care of older women , Baltimore : Williams & Wilkins .
   Google Scholar
• Casper , R. F. , Dodin , S. , Reid , R. L. and Study Investigators . 1997 . The effect of 20 ug ethinyl estradiol/1 mg norethindrone acetate (Minestrin™), a low‐dose oral contraceptive, on vaginal bleeding patterns, hot flashes, and quality of life in symptomatic perimenopausal women. . Menopause , 4 : 139 – 147 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cote , I. , Jacobs , P. and Cumming , D. 2002 . Work loss associated with increased menstrual loss in the United States. . Obstetrics & Gynecology , 100 : 683 – 687 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Coulter , A. , Bradlow , J. , Agass , M. , Martin‐Bates , C. and Tulloch , A. 1991 . Outcomes of referrals to gynaecology outpatient clinics for menstrual problems: an audit of general practice records. . British Journal of Obstetrics & Gynaecology , 98 : 789 – 796 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Dennerstein , L. , Dudley , E. C. , Hopper , J. L. , Guthrie , J. R. and Burger , H. G. 2000 . A prospective population‐based study of menopausal symptoms. . Obstetrics & Gynecology , 96 : 351 – 358 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ford , A. and Mains , B. 2003 . A peri important debate. . Herizons , 17 : 18 – 21 .
   Google Scholar
• Fraser , I. S. 1990 . Treatment of ovulatory and anovulatory dysfunctional uterine bleeding with oral progestogens. . Australian & New Zealand Journal of Obstetrics & Gynaecology , 30 : 353 – 356 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fraser , I. S. , Pearse , C. , Shearman , R. P. , Elliott , P. M. , McIlveen , J. and Markham , R. 1981 . Efficacy of mefenamic acid in patients with a complaint of menorrhagia. . Obstetrics & Gynecology , 58 : 543 – 551 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Freeman , E. W. , Sammel , M. D. , Rinaudo , P. J. and Sheng , L. 2004 . Premenstrual syndrome as a predictor of menopausal symptoms. . Obstetrics & Gynecology , 103 : 960 – 966 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Friess , E. , Tagaya , H. , Trachsel , L. , Holsboer , F. and Rupprecht , R. 1997 . Progesterone‐induced changes in sleep in male subjects. . American Journal of Physiology , 272 : E885 – E891 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gangar , K. F. , Cust , M. P. and Whitehead , M. I. 1993 . Symptoms of oestrogen deficiency associated with supraphysiological plasma estradiol concentrations in women with oestradiol implants. . British Medical Journal , 299 : 601 – 602 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gold , E. B. 2000 . Relation of demographic and lifestyle factors to symptoms in a multi‐racial/ethnic population of women 40–55 years of age. . American Journal of Epidemiology , 152 : 463 – 473 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Greenblatt , R. B. , Barfield , W. E. , Garner , J. F. , Calk , G. L. and Harrod , J. P. 1950 . Evaluation of an estrogen, androgen, estrogen–androgen combination, and a placebo in the treatment of the menopause. . Journal of Clinical Endocrinology , 10 : 1547 – 1558 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Greendale , C. and Greendale , G. 2002 . “ Menopause. ” . In Conn's current therapy 2002 , Edited by: Rabel , R. E and Bope , E. T . 1081 – 1085 . New York : W.B. Saunders .
   Google Scholar
• Guthrie , J. R. , Dennerstein , L. , Hopper , J. L. and Burger , H. G. 1996 . Hot flushes, menstrual status, and hormone levels in a population‐based sample of midlife women. . Obstetrics and Gynecology , 88 : 437 – 442 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Guthrie , J. R. , Dennerstein , L. , Taffe , J. R. and Donnelly , V. 2003 . Health care‐seeking for menopausal problems. . Climacteric , 6 : 112 – 117 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hale , G. E. , Hitchcock , C. L. , Williams , L. A. , Vigna , Y. M. and Prior , J. C. 2003 . Cyclicity of breast tenderness and night‐time vasomotor symptoms in mid‐life women: information collected using the Daily Perimenopause Diary. . Climacteric , 6 : 128 – 139 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hubbard , R. W. 1990 . The politics of women's biology , New Brunswick, NJ : Rutgers University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Irvine , G. A. , Campbell‐Brown , M. B. , Lumsden , M. A. , Heikkila , A. , Walker , J. J. and Cameron , I. T. 1998 . Randomised comparative trial of the levonorgestrel intrauterine system and norethisterone for treatment of idiopathic menorrhagia. . British Journal of Obstetrics & Gynaecology , 105 : 592 – 598 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Johannes , C. B. , Crawford , S. L. , Posner , J. G. and McKinlay , S. M. 1994 . Longitudinal patterns and correlates of hormone replacement therapy use in middle‐aged women. . American Journal of Epidemiology , 140 : 439 – 452 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kaufert , P. A. , Gilbert , P. and Tate , R. 1987 . Defining menopausal status: the impact of longitudinal data. . Maturitas , 9 : 217 – 226 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Keller , E. F. 1983 . A feeling for the organism: the like and work of Barbara McClintock , New York : W.H. Freeman .
   Google Scholar
• Kirschbaum , C. 1996 . Short‐term estradiol treatment enhances pituitary–adrenal axis and sympathetic responses to psyhosocial stress in healthy young men. . Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism , 81 : 3639 – 3643 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kupperman , H. S. , Blatt , M. H. , Wiesbader , H. and Filler , W. 1953 . Comparative clinical evaluation of estrogenic preparations by the menopausal and amenorrheal indices. . Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism , 13 : 688 – 703 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• LeGuin , U. K. 1991 . “ The space crone. ” . In Women of the 14th moon: writings on menopause , Edited by: Sumrall , A. C and Taylor , D . 3 – 6 . Freedom, CA : Crossing Press .
   Google Scholar
• Leonetti , H. B. , Longo , S. and Anasti , J. N. 1999 . Transdermal progesterone cream for vasomotor symptoms and postmenopausal bone loss. . Obstetrics and Gynecology , 94 : 225 – 228 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MacPherson , K. J. 1985 . Osteoporosis and menopause: a feminist analysis of the social construction of a syndrome. . Advances Nursing Science , 7 : 11 – 22 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Maresh , M. J. 2002 . The VALUE national hysterectomy study: description of the patients and their surgery. . British Journal of Obstetrics & Gynaecology , 109 : 302 – 312 .
   Google Scholar
• McKinlay , S. M. , Brambilla , D. J. and Posner , J. G. 1992 . The normal menopause transition. . Maturitas , 14 : 103 – 115 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McLachlan , R. I. , Robertson , D. M. , Healy , D. L. , Burger , H. G. and de Kretser , D. M. 1987 . Circulating immunoreactive inhibin levels during the normal human menstrual cycle. . Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism , 65 : 954 – 961 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moen , M. H. , Kahn , H. , Bjerve , K. S. and Halvorsen , T. B. 2004 . Menometrorrhagia in the perimenopause is associated with increased serum estradiol. . Maturitas , 47 : 151 – 155 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Morse , C. A. , Dudley , E. , Guthrie , J. and Dennerstein , L. 1989 . Relationships between premenstrual complaints and perimenopausal experiences. . Journal of Psychosomatic Obstetrics and Gynecology , 19 : 182 – 191 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• National Institutes of Health . 2005 . State‐of‐the‐Science Conference statement: management of menopause‐related symptoms. . Annals of Internal Medicine , 142 : 1003 – 1013 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Nelson , L. M. , Anasti , J. N. and Flack , M. R. 1996 . “ Premature ovarian failure. ” . In Reproductive endocrinology, surgery, and technology , Edited by: Adashi , E. Y , Rock , J. A and Rosenwacks , Z . 1393 – 1410 . Philadelphia : Lippincott–Raven .
   Google Scholar
• O'Leary Cobb , J. 1993 . Understanding menopause , 1 , Toronto : Key Porter Books .
   Google Scholar
• O'Leary Cobb , J. 2005 . Understanding menopause , 6 , Toronto : Key Porter Books .
   Google Scholar
• Oldenhave , A. , Jaszmann , J. B. , Everaerd , W. T. and Haspels , A. A. 1993 . Hysterectomized women with ovarian conservation report more severe climacteric complaints than do normal climacteric women of similar age. . American Journal of Obstetrics Gynecology , 168 : 765 – 771 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Oudshoorn , N. 1994 . Beyond the natural body: an archeology of sex hormones , 1 , London : Routledge .
   Google Scholar
• Page , L. 1992 . The silent menopause. . A Friend Indeed: For Women in the Prime of Life , 9 : 1 – 4 .
   Google Scholar
• Page , L. 1994 . Menopause and emotions: making sense of your feelings when your feelings make no sense , 1 , Vancouver : Primavera Press .
   Google Scholar
• Prior , J. C. 1998 . Perimenopause: the complex endocrinology of the menopausal transition. . Endocrine Reviews , 19 : 397 – 428 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Prior , J. C. 2002a . “ Premenstrual symptoms and signs. ” . In Conn's current therapy 2002 , Edited by: Rabel , R. E and Bope , E. T . 1078 – 1080 . New York : W.B. Saunders .
   Google Scholar
• Prior , J. C. 2002b . “ The ageing female reproductive axis II: ovulatory changes with perimenopause. ” . In Endocrine facets of ageing , Edited by: Chadwick , D. J and Goode , J. A . 172 – 186 . Chichester : John Wiley .
   Google Scholar
• Prior , J. C. 2005a . Clearing confusion about perimenopause. . British Columbia Medical Journal , 47 : 534 – 538 .
   Google Scholar
• Prior , J. C. 2005b . Estrogen's storm season—stories of perimenopause , Vancouver, BC : CeMCOR .
   Google Scholar
• Prior , J. C. , Barr , S. I. and Vigna , Y. M. 1996 . The controversial endocrinology of the menopausal transition (letter). . Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism , 81 : 3127 – 3128 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Prior , J. C. , Bishop , C. and Vigna , Y. M. 1999 . “ Looking forward, looking back—the place of women's everyday lives in health research. ” . Edited by: Berg , D . Society for Menstrual Cycle Research
   Google Scholar
• Prior , J. C. , Vigna , Y. M. , Alojado , N. , Sciarretta , D. and Schulzer , M. 1987 . Conditioning exercise decreases premenstrual symptoms: a prospective controlled six month trial. . Fertility and Sterility , 47 : 402 – 408 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rossi , A. S. 2004 . “ The menopausal transition and aging process. ” . In How healthy are we? A national study of wellbeing at midlife , Edited by: Brim , O. G , Ruff , C. D and Kessler , R. C . 153 – 201 . Chicago : University of Chicago Press .
   Google Scholar
• Santoro , N. , Rosenberg , J. , Adel , T. and Skurnick , J. H. 1996 . Characterization of reproductive hormonal dynamics in the perimenopause. . Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism , 81 : 1495 – 1501 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schiff , I. , Tulchinsky , D. , Cramer , D. and Ryan , K. J. 1980 . Oral medroxyprogesterone in the treatment of postmenopausal symptoms. . Journal of the American Medical Association , 244 : 1443 – 1445 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sheehy , G. 1992 . The silent passage , New York : Random House .
   Google Scholar
• Shostak , M. 1981 . Nisa: the life and words of a !Kung woman , New York : Vintage Books .
   Google Scholar
• Soules , M. R. 2001 . Executive summary: stages of reproductive aging workshop (STRAW). . Fertility and Sterility , 76 : 874 – 878 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Swartzman , L. C. , Edelberg , R. and Kemmann , E. 1990 . Impact of stress on objectively recorded menopausal hot flushes and on flush report bias. . Health Psychology , 9 : 529 – 545 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tuppurainen , M. , Honkanen , R. , Kroger , H. , Saarikoski , S. and Alhava , E. 1993 . Osteoporosis risk factors, gyneacological history and fractures in perimenopausal women—the results of the baseline postal enquiry of the Kupio osteoporosis risk factor and prevention study. . Maturitas , 17 : 89 – 100 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vollman , R. F. 1977 . “ The menstrual cycle. ” . In Major problems in obstetrics and gynecology , Edited by: Friedman , E. A . 11 – 193 . Toronto : W.B. Saunders . Vol. 7 (1st ed.)
   Google Scholar
• Wallace , R. B. , Sherman , B. M. , Bean , J. A. , Treloar , A. E. and Schlabaugh , L. 1979 . Probability of menopause with increasing duration of amenorrhea in middle‐aged women. . American Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology , 135 : 1021 – 1024 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang , M. , Seippel , L. , Purdy , R. H. and Backstrom , T. 1996 . Relationship between symptom severity and steroid variation in women with premenstrual syndrome. . Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism , 81 : 1076 – 1082 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Weel , A. E. 1999 . Estrogen receptor polymorphism predicts the onset of natural and surgical menopause. . Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism , 84 : 3146 – 3150 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• WHO Technical Report Series . 1996 . Research on the menopause in the 1990s. A report of the WHO Scientific Group (Rep. No. 866) , Geneva : World Health Organization .
   Google Scholar