Postnatal depressive symptoms mediate the relation between prenatal role overload and responsiveness among first-time mothers

References

• Ainsworth, M. S. (1979). Infant-mother attachment. American Psychologist, 34(10), 932–937. https://doi.org/10.1037//0003-066x.34.10.932
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Almeida, D. M., & Horn, M. C. (2004). Is daily life more stressful during middle adulthood? In O. G. Brim, C. D. Ryff, & R. C. Kessler (Eds.), How healthy are we? A national study of well-being at midlife (pp. 425–451). The University of Chicago Press.
   Google Scholar
• Amankwaa, L., & Pickler, R. (2007). Measuring maternal responsiveness. ABNF Journal, 18(1), 4–15. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18402351/
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Baldoni, F., Giannotti, M., Casu, G., Luperini, V., & Spelzini, F. (2020). A dyadic study on perceived stress and couple adjustment during pregnancy: The mediating role of depressive symptoms. Journal of Family Issues, 41(11), 1935–1955. https://doi.org/10.1177/0192513X20934834
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Baumeister, R. F., Bratslavsky, E., Muraven, M., & Tice, D. M. (1998). Ego depletion: Is the active self a limited resource? Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 74(5), 1252–1265. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.74.5.1252
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Beauregard, T. A. (2006). Predicting interference between work and home: A comparison of dispositional and situational antecedents. Journal of Managerial Psychology, 21(3), 244–264. https://doi.org/10.1108/02683940610659588
   Google Scholar
• Behrendt, H. F., Konrad, K., Goecke, T. W., Fakhrabadi, R., Herpertz-Dahlmann, B., & Firk, C. (2016). Postnatal mother-to-infant attachment in subclinically depressed mothers: Dyads at risk? Psychopathology, 49(4), 269–276. https://doi.org/10.1159/000447597
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Biddle, B. J. (1986). Recent developments in role theory. Annual Review of Sociology, 12, 67–92. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.so.12.080186.000435
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cameron, E. E., Sedov, I. D., & Tomfohr-Madsen, L. M. (2016). Prevalence of paternal depression in pregnancy and the postpartum: An updated meta-analysis. Journal of Affective Disorders, 206, 189–203. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2016.07.044
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Campbell, S. B., Matestic, P., von Stauffenberg, C., Mohan, R., & Kirchner, T. (2007). Trajectories of maternal depressive symptoms, maternal sensitivity, and children’s functioning at school entry. Developmental Psychology, 43(5), 1202–1215. https://doi.org/10.1037/0012-1649.43.5.1202
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chan, S. W. C., Levy, V., Chung, T. K., & Lee, D. (2002). A qualitative study of the experiences of a group of Hong Kong Chinese women diagnosed with postnatal depression. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 39(6), 571–579. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2648.2002.02326.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cheng, C., & Li, Q. (2008). Integrative review of research on general health status and prevalence of common physical health conditions of women after childbirth. Women’s Health Issues, 18(4), 267–280. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.whi.2008.02.004
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cho, E., & Allen, T. D. (2012). Relationship between work interference with family and parent-child interactive behaviour: Can guilt help? Journal of Vocational Behavior, 80(2), 276–287. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvb.2011.12.002
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chong, A., Biehle, S. N., Kooiman, L. Y., & Mickelson, K. D. (2016). Postnatal depression: The role of breastfeeding efficacy, breastfeeding duration, and family–work conflict. Psychology of Women Quarterly, 40(4), 518–531. https://doi.org/10.1177/0361684316658263
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ciciolla, L., & Luthar, S. S. (2019). Invisible household labor and ramifications for adjustment: Mothers as captains of households. Sex Roles, 81(7), 467–486. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11199-018-1001-x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Clout, D., & Brown, R. (2015). Sociodemographic, pregnancy, obstetric, and postnatal predictors of postpartum stress, anxiety and depression in new mothers. Journal of Affective Disorders, 188(1), 60–67. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2015.08.054
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Cohen, J. (1992). A power primer. Psychological Bulletin, 112(1), 155–159. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.112.1.155
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cohen, M. J., Pentel, K. Z., Boeding, S. E., & Baucom, D. H. (2019). Postpartum role satisfaction in couples: Associations with individual and relationship well-being. Journal of Family Issues, 40(9), 1181–1200. https://doi.org/10.1177/0192513X19835866
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Coleman, P. K., & Karraker, K. H. (2003). Maternal self‐efficacy beliefs, competence in parenting, and toddlers’ behavior and developmental status. Infant Mental Health Journal: Official Publication of the World Association for Infant Mental Health, 24(2), 126–148. https://doi.org/10.1002/imhj.10048
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cooklin, A. R., Westrupp, E. M., Strazdins, L., Giallo, R., Martin, A., & Nicholson, J. M. (2014). Mothers’ work-family conflict and enrichment: Associations with parenting quality and couple relationship. Child: Care, Health and Development, 41(2), 266–277. https://doi.org/10.1111/cch.12137
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cooklin, A. R., Westrupp, E. M., Strazdins, L., Giallo, R., Martin, A., & Nicholson, J. M. (2016). Fathers at work: Work-family conflict, work-family enrichment and parenting in an Australian cohort. Journal of Family Issues, 37(11), 1611–1635. https://doi.org/10.1177/0192513X14553054
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Costigan, C. L., Cox, M. J., & Cauce, A. M. (2003). Work-parenting linkages among dual- earner couples at the transition to parenthood. Journal of Family Psychology, 17(3), 397–408. https://doi.org/10.1177/0192513X14553054
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cox, J. L., Holden, J. M., & Sagovsky, R. (1987). Detection of postnatal depression: Development of the 10-item Edinburgh postnatal depression scale. The British Journal of Psychiatry, 150(6), 782–786. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.150.6.782
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dadi, A. F., Miller, E. R., & Mwanri, L. (2020). Postnatal depression and its association with adverse infant health outcomes in low-and middle-income countries: A systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth, 20(1), 1–15. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12884-020-03092-7
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dew, J., & Wilcox, W. B. (2011). If momma ain’t happy: Explaining declines in marital satisfaction among new mothers. Journal of Marriage and Family, 73(1), 1–12. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1741-3737.2010.00782.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dias, C. C., & Figueiredo, B. (2015). Breastfeeding and depression: A systematic review of the literature. Journal of Affective Disorders, 171(15), 142–154. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2014.09.022
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Emmanuel, E. N., Creedy, D. K., St John, W., & Brown, C. (2011). Maternal role development: The impact of maternal distress and social support following childbirth. Midwifery, 27(2), 265–272. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.midw.2009.07.003
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Feeney, J. A., Hohaus, L., Noller, P., & Alexander, R. (2001). Becoming parents: Exploring the bonds between mothers, fathers, and their infants. Cambridge University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Feinberg, M. E., & Kan, M. L. (2008). Establishing family foundations: Intervention effects on coparenting, parent/infant well-being, and parent-child relations. Journal of Family Psychology, 22(2), 253–263. https://doi.org/10.1037/0893-3200.22.2.253
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Forster, D. A., McLachlan, H. L., Rayner, J., Yelland, J., Gold, L., & Rayner, S. (2008). The early postnatal period: Exploring women’s views, expectations and experiences of care using focus groups in Victoria, Australia. BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth, 8(1), 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2393-8-27
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Gao, L. L., Chan, S. W. C., & Sun, K. (2012). Effects of an interpersonal-psychotherapy-oriented childbirth education programme for Chinese first-time childbearing women at 3-month follow up: Randomised controlled trial. International Journal of Nursing Studies, 49(3), 274–281. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2011.09.010
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gilmer, C., Buchan, J. L., Letourneau, N., Bennett, C. T., Shanker, S. G., Fenwick, A., & Smith-Chant, B. (2016). Parent education interventions designed to support the transition to parenthood: A realist review. International Journal of Nursing Studies, 59, 118–133. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2016.03.015
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Goode, W. J. (1960). A theory of role strain. American Sociological Review, 25(4), 483–496. https://doi.org/10.2307/2092933
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Greenberger, E., O’Neil, R., & Nagel, S. K. (1994). Linking workplace and homeplace: Relations between the nature of adults’ work and their parenting behaviors. Developmental Psychology, 30(6), 990–1002. https://doi.org/10.1037/0012-1649.30.6.990
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Guedeney, A., Guedeney, N., Wendland, J., & Burtchen, N. (2014). Treatment–mother–infant relationship psychotherapy. Best Practice & Research. Clinical Obstetrics & Gynaecology, 28(1), 135–145. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bpobgyn.2013.08.011
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Harwood, K., McLean, N., & Durkin, K. (2007). First-time mothers’ expectations of parenthood: What happens when optimistic expectations are not matched by later experiences? Developmental Psychology, 43(1), 1–12. https://doi.org/10.1037/0012-1649.43.1.1
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hayes, A. F. (2009). Beyond Baron and Kenny: Statistical mediation analysis in the new millennium. Communication Monographs, 76(4), 408–420. https://doi.org/10.1080/03637750903310360
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hayes, A. F. (2017). Introduction to mediation, moderation, and conditional process analysis: A regression-based approach (2nd ed.). Guilford Press.
   Google Scholar
• Helms, H. M., Walls, J. K., Crouter, A. C., & McHale, S. M. (2010). Provider role attitudes, marital satisfaction, role overload, and housework: A dyadic approach. Journal of Family Psychology, 24(5), 568–577. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0020637
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hong Kong Census and Statistics Department (2017). Thematic report: Household income distribution in Hong Kong. Accessed June 15, 2021 https://www.bycensus2016.gov.hk/data/16BC_Income_Report.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Kushlev, K., Dunn, E. W., & Ashton-James, C. E. (2012). Does affluence impoverish the experience of parenting? Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 48(6), 1381–1384. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jesp.2012.06.001
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lai, B. P., Tang, C. S., & Tse, W. K. (2006). A longitudinal study investigating disordered eating during the transition to motherhood among Chinese women in Hong Kong. International Journal of Eating Disorders, 39(4), 303–311. https://doi.org/10.1002/eat.20266
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Landry, S. H., Smith, K. E., & Swank, P. R. (2006). Responsive parenting: Establishing early foundations for social, communication, and independent problem-solving skills. Developmental Psychology, 42(4), 627–642. https://doi.org/10.1037/0012-1649.42.4.627
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Landry, S. H., Smith, K. E., Swank, P. R., Assel, M. A., & Vellet, S. (2001). Does early responsive parenting have a special importance for children’s development or is consistency across early childhood necessary? Developmental Psychology, 37(3), 387–403. https://doi.org/10.1037/0012-1649.37.3.387
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Leahy-Warren, P. (2005). First‐time mothers: Social support and confidence in infant care. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 50(5), 479–488. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2648.2005.03425.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lee, S., McHale, S. M., Crouter, A. C., Hammer, L. B., & Almeida, D. M. (2017). Finding time over time: Longitudinal links between employed mothers’ work–family conflict and time profiles. Journal of Family Psychology, 31(5), 604–615. https://doi.org/10.1037/fam0000303
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lee, D. T. S., Yip, S. K., Chiu, H. F. K., Leung, T. Y. S., Chan, K. P. M., Chau, I. O. L., Leung, H. C. M., & Chung, T. K. H. (1998). Detecting postnatal depression in Chinese women: Validation of the Chinese version of the Edinburgh postnatal depression scale. The British Journal of Psychiatry, 172(5), 433–437. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.172.5.433
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Lindgren, K. (2001). Relationships among maternal–fetal attachment, prenatal depression, and health practices in pregnancy. Research in Nursing & Health, 24(3), 203–217. https://doi.org/10.1002/nur.1023
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liu, Y., Guo, N., Li, T., Zhuang, W., & Jiang, H. (2020). Prevalence and associated factors of postpartum anxiety and depression symptoms among women in shanghai, China. Journal of Affective Disorders, 274(6), 848–856. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2020.05.028
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Mao, Q., Zhu, L. X., & Su, X. Y. (2011). A comparison of postnatal depression and related factors between Chinese new mothers and fathers. Journal of Clinical Nursing, 20(5‐6), 645–652. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2702.2010.03542.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Matias, M., Ferreira, T., Vieira, J., Cadima, J., Leal, T., & Matos, M. P. (2017). Work-family conflict, psychological availability, and child emotion regulation: Spillover and crossover in dual-earner families. Personal Relationships, 24(3), 623–639. https://doi.org/10.1111/pere.12198
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Matthey, S. (2011). Assessing the experience of motherhood: The being a mother scale (BaM13). Journal of Affective Disorders, 128(1–2), 142–152. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2010.06.032
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mercer, R. T. (2004). Becoming a mother versus maternal role attainment. Journal of Nursing Scholarship, 36(3), 226–232. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1547-5069.2004.04042.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Milgrom, J., Westley, D. T., & Gemmill, A. W. (2004). The mediating role of maternal responsiveness in some longer term effects of postnatal depression on infant development. Infant Behavior & Development, 27(4), 443–454. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.infbeh.2004.03.003
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Murray, L., & Cooper, P. J. (1997). Effects of postnatal depression on infant development. Archives of Disease in Childhood, 77(2), 99–101. https://doi.org/10.1136/adc.77.2.99
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Murray, L., Cooper, P., & Hipwell, A. (2003). Mental health of parents caring for infants. Archives of Women’s Mental Health, 6(2), S71–S77. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00737-003-0007-7
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Nelson, F. (2003). Stories, legends and ordeals: The discursive journey into the culture of motherhood. Organization Development Journal, 21(4), 15–32.
   Google Scholar
• Ngai, F. W., & Chan, S. W. C. (2012). Stress, maternal role competence, and satisfaction among Chinese women in the perinatal period. Research in Nursing & Health, 35(1), 30–39. https://doi.org/10.1002/nur.20464
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nyström, K., & Öhrling, K. (2004). Parenthood experiences during the child’s first year: Literature review. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 46(3), 319–330. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2648.2004.02991.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Oh, W., Muzik, M., McGinnis, E. W., Hamilton, L., Menke, R. A., & Rosenblum, K. L. (2016). Comorbid trajectories of postpartum depression and PTSD among mothers with childhood trauma history: Course, predictors, processes and child adjustment. Journal of Affective Disorders, 200, 133–141. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2016.04.037
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Park, M., & Chesla, C. (2007). Revisiting Confucianism as a conceptual framework for Asian family study. Journal of Family Nursing, 13(3), 293–311. https://doi.org/10.1177/1074840707304400
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Paulson, J. F., Dauber, S., & Leiferman, J. A. (2006). Individual and combined effects of postpartum depression in mothers and fathers on parenting behavior. Pediatrics, 118(2), 659–668. https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2005-2948
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Perry‐Jenkins, M., Goldberg, A. E., Pierce, C. P., & Sayer, A. G. (2007). Shift work, role overload, and the transition to parenthood. Journal of Marriage and Family, 69(1), 123–138. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1741-3737.2006.00349.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Reilly, M. D. (1982). Working wives and convenience consumption. Journal of Consumer Research, 8(4), 407–418. https://doi.org/10.1086/208881
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Repetti, R. L. (1994). Short-term and long-term processes linking job stressors to father-child interaction. Social Development, 3(1), 1–15. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9507.1994.tb00020.x
   Google Scholar
• Repetti, R. L., & Wood, J. (1997). The effects of daily stress at work on mothers’ interactions with preschoolers. Journal of Family Psychology, 11(1), 90–108. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9507.1994.tb00020.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sadeh‐Sharvit, S., Sacks, M. R., Runfola, C. D., Bulik, C. M., & Lock, J. D. (2020). Interventions to empower adults with eating disorders and their partners around the transition to parenthood. Family Process, 59(4), 1407–1422. https://doi.org/10.1111/famp.12510
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sadeh, A., Tikotzky, L., & Scher, A. (2010). Parenting and infant sleep. Sleep Medicine Reviews, 14(2), 89–96. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.smrv.2009.05.003
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shorey, S., Chan, S. W. C., Chong, Y. S., & He, H. G. (2013). Maternal parental self‐efficacy in newborn care and social support needs in Singapore: A correlational study. Journal of Clinical Nursing, 23(15–16), 2272–2282. https://doi.org/10.1111/jocn.12507
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shrestha, S., Adachi, K., Petrini, M. A., & Shrestha, S. (2019). Maternal role: A concept analysis. Journal of Midwifery and Reproductive Health, 7(3), 1732–1741. https://doi.org/10.22038/JMRH.2019.31797.1344
   Google Scholar
• Smith, J. A. (1999). Identity development during the transition to motherhood: An interpretative phenomenological analysis. Journal of Reproductive and Infant Psychology, 17(3), 281–299. https://doi.org/10.1080/02646839908404595
   Google Scholar
• Smith, M. (2004). Parental mental health: Disruptions to parenting and outcomes for children. Child & Family Social Work, 9(1), 3–11. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2206.2004.00312.x
   Google Scholar
• Studd, J., & Nappi, R. E. (2012). Reproductive depression. Gynecological Endocrinology, 28(1), 42–45. https://doi.org/10.3109/09513590.2012.651932
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Tamis-LeMonda, C. S., Kuchirko, Y., & Song, L. (2014). Why is infant language learning facilitated by parental responsiveness? Current Directions in Psychological Science, 23(2), 121–126. https://doi.org/10.1177/0963721414522813
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Trivette, C. M., Dunst, C. J., & Hamby, D. W. (2010). Influences of family-systems intervention practices on parent-child interactions and child development. Topics in Early Childhood Special Education, 30(1), 3–19. https://doi.org/10.1177/0271121410364250
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Turner, J. H. (2001). Handbook of sociological theory. Springer.
   Google Scholar
• Van der Horst, M. (2016, July.27), Role Theory. Oxford Bibliographies. https://doi.org/10.1093/OBO/9780199756384-0175
   Google Scholar
• Vieira, J. M., Matias, M., Lopez, F. G., & Matos, P. M. (2016). Relationships between work-family dynamics and parenting experiences: A dyadic analysis of dual-earner couples. Work and Stress, 30(3), 243–261. https://doi.org/10.1080/02678373.2016.1211772
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vieten, C., & Astin, J. (2008). Effects of a mindfulness-based intervention during pregnancy on prenatal stress and mood: Results of a pilot study. Archives of Women’s Mental Health, 11(1), 67–74. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00737-008-0214-3
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang, Y., & Peng, J. (2017). Work–family conflict and depression in Chinese professional women: The mediating roles of job satisfaction and life satisfaction. International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction, 15(2), 394–406. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11469-017-9736-0
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ward, & Lee, S. J. (2020). Mothers’ and fathers’ parenting stress, responsiveness, and child wellbeing among low-income families. Children and Youth Services Review, 116, 105218. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.childyouth.2020.105218
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wendland, J., Brisson, J., Medeiros, M., Camon-Sénéchal, L., Aidane, E., David, M., Serres, J., Cohen, D., & Rabain, D. (2014). Mothers with borderline personality disorder: Transition to parenthood, parent–infant interaction, and preventive/therapeutic approach. Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice, 21(2), 139–153. https://doi.org/10.1111/cpsp.12066
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Whittingham, K., Boyd, R. N., Sanders, M. R., & Colditz, P. (2014). Parenting and prematurity: Understanding parent experience and preferences for support. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 23(6), 1050–1061. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10826-013-9762-x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zimmerman, F. J., & Katon, W. (2005). Socioeconomic status, depression disparities, and financial strain: What lies behind the income‐depression relationship? Health Economics, 14(12), 1197–1215. https://doi.org/10.1002/hec.1011
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar