159
Views
2
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Research Article

COVID-19-Related worries mediate the association between attachment orientation and elevated depression levels at 21-month postpartum

, , , , &
Pages 550-562 | Received 17 Aug 2022, Accepted 28 Sep 2022, Published online: 09 Oct 2022

References

  • Adar, T., Davidof, M., & Elkana, O. (2022). Social support mediates the association between attachment style and psychological distress during COVID-19 in Israel. Viruses, 14(4), 693. https://doi.org/10.3390/v14040693
  • Alexander, R., Feeney, J., Hohaus, L., & Noller, P. (2001). Attachment style and coping resources as predictors of coping strategies in the transition to parenthood. Personal Relationships, 8(2), 137–152. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-6811.2001.tb00032.x
  • Axfors, C., Sylvén, S., Ramklint, M., & Skalkidou, A. (2017). Adult attachment’s unique contribution in the prediction of postpartum depressive symptoms, beyond personality traits. Journal of Affective Disorders, 222, 177–184. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2017.07.005
  • Boekhorst, M. G. B. M., Muskens, L., Hulsbosch, L. P., Van Deun, K., Bergink, V., Pop, V. J. M., & Van den Heuvel, M. I. (2021). The COVID-19 outbreak increases maternal stress during pregnancy, but not the risk for postpartum depression. Archives of Women’s Mental Health, 24(6), 1037–1043. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00737-021-01104-9
  • Brennan, K. A., Clark, C. L., & Shaver, P. (1998). Self-report measures of adult romantic attachment. In J. A. Simpson & W. S. Rholes (Eds.), Attachment theory and close relationships (pp. 46–76). Guilford Press.
  • Chen, Q., Li, W., Xiong, J., & Zheng, X. (2022). Prevalence and risk factors associated with postpartum depression during the COVID-19 pandemic: A literature review and meta-analysis. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(4), 2219. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19042219
  • Costa-Cordella, S., Vivanco-Carlevari, A., Rossi, A., Arévalo-Romero, C., & Silva, J. R. (2022). Social support and depressive symptoms in the context of COVID-19 lockdown: The moderating role of attachment styles. International Journal of Public Health, 103. https://doi.org/10.3389/ijph.2022.1604401
  • Cox, J. L., Holden, J. M., & Sagovsky, R. (1987). Detection of Postnatal Depression. British Journal of Psychiatry, 150(6), 782–786. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.150.6.782
  • Glasser, S., & Barell, V. (1999). Depression scale for research in and identification of postpartum depression. Harefuah, 136(10), 764–768. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10955108
  • Gluska, H., Shiffman, N., Mayer, Y., Elyasyan, L., Elia, N., Daher, R., Sharon Weiner, M., Miremberg, H., Kovo, M., Biron-Shental, T., & Gabbay-Benziv, R. (2022). Maternal fear of COVID-19 and prevalence of postnatal depression symptoms, risk and protective factors. Journal of Psychiatric Research, 148, 214–219. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpsychires.2022.01.015
  • Guvenc, G., Yesilcinar, İ., Ozkececi, F., Öksüz, E., Ozkececi, C. F., Konukbay, D., Kok, G., & Karasahin, K. E. (2021). Anxiety, depression, and knowledge level in postpartum women during the COVID‐19 pandemic. Perspectives in Psychiatric Care, 57(3), 1449–1458. https://doi.org/10.1111/ppc.12711
  • Hahn-Holbrook, J., Cornwell-Hinrichs, T., Anaya, I., Yu, H., Lai, A., Lv, Z., Xu, X., Luo, C., Shan, B., Xu, L., & Xu, J. (2018). Economic and health predictors of national postpartum depression prevalence: A systematic review, meta-analysis, and meta-regression of 291 studies from 56 countries. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 9, 8. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2017.00248
  • Hairston, I. S., Handelzalts, J. E., Assis, C., & Kovo, M. (2018). Postpartum bonding difficulties and adult attachment styles: The mediating role of postpartum depression and childbirth‐related PTSD. Infant Mental Health Journal, 39(2), 198–208. https://doi.org/10.1002/imhj.21695
  • Handelzalts, J. E., Levy, S., Molmen-Lichter, M., Ayers, S., Krissi, H., Wiznitzer, A., & Peled, Y. (2021). The association of attachment style, postpartum PTSD and depression with bonding- a longitudinal path analysis model, from childbirth to six months. Journal of Affective Disorders, 280, 17–25. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2020.10.068
  • Hanusa, B. H., Scholle, S. H., Haskett, R. F., Spadaro, K., & Wisner, K. L. (2008). Screening for Depression in the Postpartum Period: A Comparison of Three Instruments. Journal of Women’s Health, 17(4), 585–596. https://doi.org/10.1089/jwh.2006.0248
  • Holmberg, D., Lomore, C. D., Takacs, T. A., & Price, E. L. (2011). Adult attachment styles and stressor severity as moderators of the coping sequence. Personal Relationships, 18(3), 502–517. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-6811.2010.01318.x
  • Hutchens, B. F., & Kearney, J. (2020). Risk factors for postpartum depression: An umbrella review. Journal of Midwifery & Women’s Health, 65(1), 96–108. https://doi.org/10.1111/jmwh.13067
  • Ikeda, M., Hayashi, M., & Kamibeppu, K. (2014). The relationship between attachment style and postpartum depression. Attachment & Human Development, 16(6), 557–572. https://doi.org/10.1080/14616734.2014.941884
  • Iliadis, S. I., Koulouris, P., Gingnell, M., Sylvén, S. M., Sundström-Poromaa, I., Ekselius, L., Papadopoulos, F. C., & Skalkidou, A. (2015). Personality and risk for postpartum depressive symptoms. Archives of Women’s Mental Health, 18(3), 539–546. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00737-014-0478-8
  • Kettunen, P., Koistinen, E., & Hintikka, J. (2014). Is postpartum depression a homogenous disorder: Time of onset, severity, symptoms and hopelessness in relation to the course of depression. BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth, 14(1), 402. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12884-014-0402-2
  • Köhler-Dauner, F., Buchheim, A., Hildebrand, K., Mayer, I., Clemens, V., Ziegenhain, U., & Fegert, J. M. (2022). Maternal attachment representation, the risk of increased depressive symptoms and the influence on children’s mental health during the SARS-CoV-2-pandemic. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 31(2), 392–408. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10826-021-02162-4
  • McMahon, C., Barnett, B., Kowalenko, N., & Tennant, C. (2005). Psychological factors associated with persistent postnatal depression: Past and current relationships, defence styles and the mediating role of insecure attachment style. Journal of Affective Disorders, 84(1), 15–24. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2004.05.005
  • Mikulincer, M., & Florian, V. (2000). Exploring individual differences in reactions to mortality salience: Does attachment style regulate terror management mechanisms? Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 79(2), 260–273. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.79.2.260
  • Mikulincer, M., Florian, V., & Tolmacz, R. (1990). Attachment styles and fear of personal death: A case study of affect regulation. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 58(2), 273–280. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.58.2.273
  • Mikulincer, M., & Shaver, P. R. (2020). Applications of attachment theory and research: The blossoming of relationship science. In Applications of social psychology: How Social Psychology Can Contribute to the Solution of Real-World Problems (pp. 187–206). Routledge.https://doi.org/10.4324/9780367816407-10
  • Moccia, L., Janiri, D., Pepe, M., Dattoli, L., Molinaro, M., De Martin, V., Nicola, M., Fiorillo, A., Sani, G., Di Nicola, M., & Chieffo, D. (2020). Affective temperament, attachment style, and the psychological impact of the COVID-19 outbreak: An early report on the Italian general population. Brain, Behavior, and Immunity, 87, 75–79. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbi.2020.04.048
  • Monti, F., Agostini, F., Marano, G., & Lupi, F. (2008). The course of maternal depressive symptomatology during the first 18 months postpartum in an Italian sample. Archives of Women’s Mental Health, 11(3), 231. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00737-008-0017-6
  • Ostacoli, L., Cosma, S., Bevilacqua, F., Berchialla, P., Bovetti, M., Carosso, A. R., Malandrone, F., Carletto, S., & Benedetto, C. (2020). Psychosocial factors associated with postpartum psychological distress during the Covid-19 pandemic: A cross-sectional study. BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth, 20(1), 703. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12884-020-03399-5
  • Perzow, S. E. D., Hennessey, E.-M. P., Hoffman, M. C., Grote, N. K., Davis, E. P., & Hankin, B. L. (2021). Mental health of pregnant and postpartum women in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. Journal of Affective Disorders Reports, 4, 100123. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jadr.2021.100123
  • Puyané, M., Subirà, S., Torres, A., Roca, A., Garcia-Esteve, L., & Gelabert, E. (2022). Personality traits as a risk factor for postpartum depression: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of Affective Disorders, 298, 577–589. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2021.11.010
  • Raby, K. L., Fraley, R. C., & Roisman, G. I. (2021). Categorical or dimensional measures of attachment?: Insights from factor‑analytic and taxometric research. In R. A. Thompson, J. A. Simpson, & L. J. Berlin (Eds.), Attachment: The Fundamental Questions (pp. 70–77). The Guilford Press.
  • Rholes, W. S., Simpson, J. A., Campbell, L., & Grich, J. (2001). Adult attachment and the transition to parenthood. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 81(3), 421–435. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.81.3.421
  • Rholes, W. S., Simpson, J. A., Kohn, J. L., Wilson, C. L., Martin, A. M. L., Tran, S. S., & Kashy, D. A. (2011). Attachment orientations and depression: A longitudinal study of new parents. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 100(4), 567–586. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0022802
  • Robakis, T. K., Williams, K. E., Crowe, S., Lin, K. W., Gannon, J., & Rasgon, N. L. (2016). Maternal attachment insecurity is a potent predictor of depressive symptoms in the early postnatal period. Journal of Affective Disorders, 190, 623–631. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2015.09.067
  • Robertson, E., Grace, S., Wallington, T., & Stewart, D. E. (2004). Antenatal risk factors for postpartum depression: A synthesis of recent literature. General Hospital Psychiatry, 26(4), 289–295. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.genhosppsych.2004.02.006
  • Safi‐Keykaleh, M., Aliakbari, F., Safarpour, H., Safari, M., Tahernejad, A., Sheikhbardsiri, H., & Sahebi, A. (2022). Prevalence of postpartum depression in women amid the COVID‐19 pandemic: A systematic review and meta‐analysis. International Journal of Gynecology & Obstetrics, 157(2), 240–247. https://doi.org/10.1002/ijgo.14129
  • Shaver, P. R., & Mikulincer, M. (2007). Adult attachment strategies and the regulation of emotion. In J. J. Gross (Ed.), Handbook of Emotion Regulation (pp. 446–465). The Guilford Press.
  • Silverman, M. E., Reichenberg, A., Savitz, D. A., Cnattingius, S., Lichtenstein, P., Hultman, C. M., Larsson, H., & Sandin, S. (2017). The risk factors for postpartum depression: A population-based study. Depression and Anxiety, 34(2), 178–187. https://doi.org/10.1002/da.22597
  • Simpson, J. A., & Rholes, W. S. (2019). Adult attachment orientations and well-being during the transition to parenthood. Current Opinion in Psychology, 25, 47–52. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.copsyc.2018.02.019
  • Spinola, O., Liotti, M., Speranza, A. M., & Tambelli, R. (2020). Effects of COVID-19 epidemic lockdown on postpartum depressive symptoms in a sample of Italian mothers. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 11. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2020.589916
  • Trillingsgaard, T., Elklit, A., Shevlin, M., & Maimburg, R. D. (2011). Adult attachment at the transition to motherhood: Predicting worry, health care utility and relationship functioning. Journal of Reproductive and Infant Psychology, 29(4), 354–363. https://doi.org/10.1080/02646838.2011.611937
  • Usmani, S., Greca, E., Javed, S., Sharath, M., Sarfraz, Z., Sarfraz, A., Salari, S. W., Hussaini, S. S., Mohammadi, A., Chellapuram, N., Cabrera, E., & Ferrer, G. (2021). Risk factors for postpartum depression during COVID-19 pandemic: A systematic literature review. Journal of Primary Care & Community Health, 12, 215013272110593. https://doi.org/10.1177/21501327211059348
  • Vliegen, N., Casalin, S., & Luyten, P. (2014). The course of postpartum depression. Harvard Review of Psychiatry, 22(1), 1–22. https://doi.org/10.1097/HRP.0000000000000013
  • Vowels, L. M., Carnelley, K. B., & Stanton, S. C. E. (2022). Attachment anxiety predicts worse mental health outcomes during COVID-19: Evidence from two studies. Personality and Individual Differences, 185, 111256. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2021.111256
  • Warfa, N., Harper, M., Nicolais, G., & Bhui, K. (2014). Adult attachment style as a risk factor for maternal postnatal depression: A systematic review. BMC Psychology, 2(1), 56. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40359-014-0056-x
  • Watanabe, Z., Iwama, N., Nishigori, H., Nishigori, T., Mizuno, S., Sakurai, K., Ishikuro, M., Obara, T., Tatsuta, N., Nishijima, I., Fujiwara, I., Nakai, K., Arima, T., Takeda, T., Sugawara, J., Kuriyama, S., Metoki, H., & Yaegashi, N. (2016). Psychological distress during pregnancy in Miyagi after the great East Japan earthquake: The Japan ENVIRONMENT AND CHILDREN’S STUDy. Journal of Affective Disorders, 190, 341–348. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2015.10.024

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.