The effects of psychosocial factors on the emotional well-being of women during pregnancy: A cross-cultural study of britain and greece

References

• Appleby , L. 1991 . Suicide during pregnancy and the first postpartum year . British Medical Journal , 302 : 137 – 140 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Barnett , B. , Hanna , E. W. and Parker , G. 1983 . Life events for obstetric groups . Journal of Psychosomatic Medicine , 27 : 313 – 320 .
   Google Scholar
• Benedek , T. 1970 . “ The psychobiology of pregnancy ” . In Parenthood: Its Psychology and Psychopathology , Edited by: Anthony , E. J. and Benedek , T. Boston : Little, Brown .
   Google Scholar
• Bibring , G. S. 1959 . Some considerations of psychological processes in pregnancy . The Psychoanalytic Study of the Child , 14 : 113 – 121 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bridge , L. R. , Little , B. C. , Hayworth , J. , Dewhurst , J. and Priest , R. G. 1985 . Psychometric antenatal predictors of postnatal mood depression . Journal of Psychosomatic Research , 29 : 325 – 331 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cobb , S. 1976 . Social support as a moderator of life stress . Psychosomatic Medicine , 38 : 300 – 314 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Condon , J. T. 1987 . Psychological and physical symptoms during pregnancy: a comparison of male and female expectant parents . Journal of Reproductive and Infant Psychology , 5 : 207 – 219 .
   Google Scholar
• Cowan , P. C. , Cowan , A. P. , Heming , G. , Garrett , E. , Coysh , W. S. , Curtis‐Boles , H. and Boles , A. J. 1985 . Transition to parenthood: his, hers and theirs . Journal of Family Issues , 6 : 451 – 481 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cox , J. L. 1988 . “ The life event of childbirth: sociocultural aspects of childbirth ” . In Motherhood and Mental Illness 2: Causes and Consequences , Edited by: Kumar , R. and Brockington , I. F. London : Wright .
   Google Scholar
• Crisp , A. H. and Priest , R. G. 1971 . Psychoneurotic profiles in middle age . British Journal of Psychiatry , 119 : 385 – 392 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Crisp , A. H. , Ralph , P. C. , McGuiness , B. and Harris , G. 1978 . Psychoneurotic profiles in the adult population . British Journal of Medical Psychology , 51 : 293 – 301 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Crown , S. and Crisp , A. H. 1979 . Manual of the Crown‐Crisp Experiential Index , Sevenoaks : Hodder & Stoughton .
   Google Scholar
• Doumanis , M. 1983 . Mothering in Greece: From Collectivism to Individualism , London : Academic Press .
   Google Scholar
• Dragonas , T. 1983 . The self‐concept of the adolescent in the Hellenic context , Birmingham, , England : The University of Aston . Unpublished doctoral dissertation
   Google Scholar
• Dragonas , T. , Thorpe , K. J. and Golding , J. Becoming a parent: cross‐cultural findings . Report presented at the World Health Organization Meeting for the European Longitudinal Study of Pregnancy and Childhood . October 1988 , Athens.
   Google Scholar
• Elliott , S. A. 1982 . A study of pregnancy and early motherhood: psychiatric and psychological aspects , University of London . Unpublished Ph.D. thesis
   Google Scholar
• Elliott , S. A. , Rugg , A. J. , Watson , J. P. and Brough , D. I. 1983 . Mood changes during pregnancy and after the birth of a child . British Journal of Clinical Psychology , 22 : 295 – 308 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gorsuch , R. L. and Key , M. K. 1974 . Abnormalities of pregnancy as a function of anxiety and life stress . Psychosomatic Medicine , 36 : 352 – 362 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Green , J. M. , Coupland , V. A. and Kitzinger , J. V. 1988 . Great Expectations: A Prospective Study of Women's Expectations and Experiences in Childbirth , Cambridge : Child Care and Development Group, University of Cambridge .
   Google Scholar
• Green , J. M. , Coupland , V. A. and Kitzinger , J. V. 1990 . Expectations, experiences and psychological outcomes of childbirth: a prospective study of 825 women . Birth , 17 : 15 – 24 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Grimm , E. R. 1969 . “ Women's attitudes and reactions to childbirth ” . In Modern Woman , Edited by: Goldman , G. D. and Milman , D. S. Springfield, IL : Charles C. Thomas .
   Google Scholar
• Grossman , F. K. , Eichler , L. S. and Winickoff , S. A. 1980 . Pregnancy, Birth and Parenthood: Adaptation of Mothers, Fathers and Infants , San Francisco : Jossey‐Bass .
   Google Scholar
• Hees‐Stauthamer , J. 1985 . The First Pregnancy. An Integrating Principle of Female Psychology , Ann Arbor, MI : Umi Research Press .
   Google Scholar
• Heymans , H. and Winter , S. T. 1975 . Fears during pregnancy: an interview study of 200 postpartum women . Israel Journal of Medical Science , ii : 1101 – 1105 .
   Google Scholar
• Istvan , J. 1986 . Stress, anxiety and birth outcomes: a critical review of the literature . Psychological Bulletin , 100 ( 3 ) : 331 – 348 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Jones , A. P. and Dougherty , C. 1982 . “ Childbirth in a scientific and industrial society ” . In Ethnography of Fertility and Birth , Edited by: MacCormack , C. P. London : Academic Press .
   Google Scholar
• Kendell , R. E. , Wainwright , S. , Hailey , A. and Shannon , B. 1976 . The influence of birth on psychiatric morbidity . Psychological Medicine , 23 : 520 – 527 .
   Google Scholar
• Kleiverda , G. 1990 . Transition to parenthood: women's experiences of ‘labour’ , Ph.D thesis Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Amsterdam .
   Google Scholar
• Kumar , R. and Robson , K. M. 1984 . A prospective study of emotional disorders in childbearing women . British Journal of Psychiatry , 144 : 35 – 47 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Levin , J. S. and DeFrank , R. S. 1988 . Maternal stress and pregnancy outcomes: a review of the psychosocial literature . Journal of Psychosomatic Obstetrics and Gynaecology , 9 : 3 – 16 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lips , H. M. 1985 . A longitudinal study of the reporting of emotional and somatic symptoms during and after pregnancy . Social Science and Medicine , 21 : 631 – 640 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lubin , B. , Gardener , S. H. and Roth , A. 1975 . Mood and somatic symptoms during pregnancy . Psychosomatic Medicine , 37 : 136 – 146 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McGoldrick , M. and Carter , E. 1982 . “ The family lifecycle ” . In Normal Family Processes , Edited by: Walsh , F. New York : Guildford Press .
   Google Scholar
• Murai , N. and Murai , N. 1975 . A study of moods in pregnant women . Tohoku Psychologia Folia , 34 : 10 – 16 .
   Google Scholar
• Nuckolls , K. B. , Cassell , J. and Kaplan , B. H. 1972 . Psychosocial assets, life crisis and prognosis of pregnancy . American Journal of Epidemiology , 95 : 431
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• O'Hara , M. W. 1986 . Social support, life events and depression during pregnancy and the puerperium . Archives of General Psychiatry , 43 : 569 – 573 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• O'Hara , M. W. , Rehm , L. P. and Campbell , S. B. 1983 . Postpartum depression: a role for social network and life stress variables . Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease , 171 : 336 – 341 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• O'Hara , M. W. , Neunaber , D. J. and Zeboski , E. M. 1984 . A prospective study of postpartum depression: prevalence, course and predictive factors . Journal of Abnormal Psychology , 93 : 158 – 171 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Oakley , A. 1980 . Women Confined: Towards a Sociology of Childbirth , Oxford : Oxford University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Osofsky , J. D. and Osofsky , H. J. 1984 . “ Psychological and developmental perspectives on expectant and new parenthood ” . In Review of Child Development Research , Edited by: Parke , R. D. , Emde , R. N. , McAdoo , H. P. and Sackett , G. P. Chicago : University of Chicago Press .
   Google Scholar
• Office of Population, Censuses and Surveys . 1980 . Classification of Occupations , London : Her Majesty's Stationery Office .
   Google Scholar
• Sarason , I. G. , Johnson , J. H. and Siegel , J. M. 1978 . Assessing the impact of life changes: development of the life experiences survey . Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology , 46 : 932 – 946 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shereshefsky , P. M. and Yarrow , J. 1973 . Psychological Aspects of a First Pregnancy , New York : Raven .
   Google Scholar
• Stamatopoulou‐Inglessi , C. 1989 . Aspects of female identity in Greek society , Greece : University of Ioanina . Unpublished doctoral dissertation
   Google Scholar
• Stern , G. and Kruckona , L. 1983 . Multi‐disciplinary perspectives on post‐partum depression: an anthropological critique . Social Science and Medicine , 17 : 1027 – 1041 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Teichman , Y. 1988 . “ Expectant parenthood ” . In Handbook of Life Stress, Cognition and Health , Edited by: Fisher , S. and Reason , J. Chichester : Wiley .
   Google Scholar
• Tzoumaka‐Bakoula , C. 1984 . Panhellenic Perinatal Survey , Athens : First Paediatric Clinic of the Athens University .
   Google Scholar
• Uddenberg , N. , Fagerstrom , C. F. and Hakanson‐Zaunders , M. 1976 . Reproductive conflicts. Mental symptoms during pregnancy and time of labour . Journal of Psychosomatic Research , 20 : 575 – 582 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vassiliou , G. and Vassiliou , V. 1982 . Promoting psychosocial functioning and preventing malfunctioning . Paediatrician , ii ( 1–2 ) : 90 – 98 .
   Google Scholar
• Vassiliou , G. and Vassiliou , V. 1984 . On group therapy development in context: a Hellenic view . International Journal of Group Psychotherapy , 34 ( 3 ) : 377 – 385 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Watson , J. P. , Elliott , S. A. , Rugg , A. J. and Brough , D. I. 1984 . Psychiatric disorder in pregnancy and the postnatal year . British Journal of Psychiatry , 144 : 453 – 462 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zajicek , E. 1981a . “ The experience of being pregnant ” . In Pregnancy: a Psychological and Social Study , Edited by: Wolkind , S. and Zajicek , E. New York : Grune & Stratton; Academic Press .
   Google Scholar
• Zajicek , E. 1981b . “ Psychiatric problems during pregnancy ” . In Pregnancy: a Psychological and Social Study , Edited by: Wolkind , S. and Zajicek , E. New York : Grune & Stratton; Academic Press .
   Google Scholar
• Zajicek , E. and Wolkind , S. 1978 . Emotional difficulties in married women during and after the first pregnancy . British Journal of Medical Psychology , 59 : 379 – 385 .
   Google Scholar