The immune system and neuropsychiatric diseases

References

• Abbott NJ. Inflammatory mediators and modulation of blood-brain barrier permeability. Cell & Molecular Neurobiology 2000; 20(2)131–147
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Abramson SB, Amin AR, Clancy RM, Attur M. The role of nitric oxide in tissue destruction. Best Practice Research in Clinical Rheumatology 2001; 15(5)831–845
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Aloisi F, Care A, Borsellino G, Gallo P, Rosa S, Bassani A, et al. Production of hemolymphopoietic cytokines (IL-6, IL-8, colony-stimulating factors) by normal human astrocytes in response to IL-1 beta and tumor necrosis factor-alpha. Journal Immunology 1992; 149(7)2358–2366
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Anisman H, Merali Z. Cytokines, stress, and depressive illness. Brain, Behaviour & Immunity 2002; 16(5)513–524
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Anisman H, Merali Z, Poulter MO, Hayley S. Cytokines as a precipitant of depressive illness: animal and human studies. Current Pharmaceutical Design 2005; 11(8)963–972
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Avolio C, Giuliani F, Liuzzi GM, Ruggieri M, Paolicelli D, Riccio P, et al. Adhesion molecules and matrix metalloproteinases in multiple sclerosis: Effects induced by Interferon-beta. Brain Research Bulletin 2003; 61(3)357–364
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Banks WA, Kastin AJ, Broadwell RD. Passage of cytokines across the blood-brain barrier. Neuroimmunomodulation 1995; 2(4)241–248
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Barde YA. Neurotrophins: A family of proteins supporting the survival of neurons. Progress in Clinical & Biological Research 1994; 390: 45–56
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Besedovsky H, del Rey A, Sorkin E, Dinarello CA. Immunoregulatory feedback between interleukin-1 and glucocorticoid hormones. Science 1986; 233(4764)652–654
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Blantz RC, Munger K. Role of nitric oxide in inflammatory conditions. Nephron 2002; 90(4)373–378
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bluthe RM, Michaud B, Kelley KW, Dantzer R. Vagotomy attenuates behavioural effects of interleukin-1 injected peripherally but not centrally. NeuroReport 1996; 7(9)1485–1488
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brundula V, Rewcastle NB, Metz LM, Bernard CC, Yong VW. Targeting leukocyte MMPs and transmigration: Minocycline as a potential therapy for multiple sclerosis. Brain 2002; 125(Pt 6)1297–1308
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Capuron L, Raison CL, Musselman DL, Lawson DH, Nemeroff CB, Miller AH. Association of exaggerated HPA axis response to the initial injection of interferon-alpha with development of depression during interferon-alpha therapy. American Journal of Psychiatry 2003; 160(7)1342–1345
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Comoletti D, Muzio V, Capobianco A, Ravizza T, Mennini T. Nitric oxide produced by non-motoneuron cells enhances rat embryonic motoneuron sensitivity to excitotoxins: comparison in mixed neuron/glia or purified cultures. Journal of Neurological Sciences 2001; 192(1–2)61–69
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Correale J, Villa A. The neuroprotective role of inflammation in nervous system injuries. Journal of Neurology 2004; 251(11)1304–1316
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Corriveau RA, Huh GS, Shatz CJ. Regulation of class I MHC gene expression in the developing and mature CNS by neural activity. Neuron 1998; 21(3)505–520
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• De Simone R, Levi G, Aloisi F. Interferon gamma gene expression in rat central nervous system glial cells. Cytokine 1998; 10(6)418–422
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dell’Albani P, Santangelo R, Torrisi L, Nicoletti VG, Giuffrida Stella AM. Role of the JAK/STAT signal transduction pathway in the regulation of gene expression in CNS. Neurochemical Research 2003; 28(1)53–64
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Denicoff KD, Durkin TM, Lotze MT, Quinlan PE, Davis CL, Listwak SJ, et al. The neuroendocrine effects of interleukin-2 treatment. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism 1989; 69(2)402–410
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dunn AJ. Cytokine activation of the HPA axis. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 2000; 917: 608–617
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ehrhard PB, Erb P, Graumann U, Otten U. Expression of nerve growth factor and nerve growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase Trk in activated CD4-positive T-cell clones. Proceedings of the National Academy of Science USA. 1993; 90(23): 10984–10988
   Google Scholar
• Esposito P, Gheorghe D, Kandere K, Pang X, Connolly R, Jacobson S, et al. Acute stress increases permeability of the blood-brain-barrier through activation of brain mast cells. Brain Research 2001; 888(1)117–127
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Friedman B, Kleinfeld D, Ip NY, Verge VM, Moulton R, Boland P, et al. BDNF and NT-4/5 exert neurotrophic influences on injured adult spinal motor neurons. Journal of Neuroscience 1995; 15(2)1044–1056
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gadient RA, Otten UH. Interleukin-6 (IL-6)—a molecule with both beneficial and destructive potentials. Progress in Neurobiology 1997; 52(5)379–390
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gloor SM, Wachtel M, Bolliger MF, Ishihara H, Landmann R, Frei K. Molecular and cellular permeability control at the blood-brain barrier. Brain Research. Brain Research Reviews 2001; 36(2–3)258–264
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gruol DL, Nelson TE. Physiological and pathological roles of interleukin-6 in the central nervous system. Molecular Neurobiology 1997; 15(3)307–339
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Guillemin GJ, Brew BJ. Microglia, macrophages, perivascular macrophages, and pericytes: A review of function and identification. Journal of Leukocyte Biology 2004; 75(3)388–397
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hanisch UK, Rowe W, van Rossum D, Meaney MJ, Quirion R. Phasic hyperactivity of the HPA axis resulting from chronic central IL-2 administration. NeuroReport 1996; 7(18)2883–2888
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Harbuz MS, Stephanou A, Sarlis N, Lightman SL. The effects of recombinant human interleukin (IL)-1 alpha, IL-1 beta or IL-6 on hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal axis activation. Journal of Endocrinology 1992; 133(3)349–355
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hayley S, Brebner K, Lacosta S, Merali Z, Anisman H. Sensitization to the effects of tumor necrosis factor-alpha: Neuroendocrine, central monoamine, and behavioral variations. Journal of Neuroscience 1999; 19(13)5654–5665
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Isaksson J, Farooque M, Olsson Y. Improved functional outcome after spinal cord injury in iNOS-deficient mice. Spinal Cord 2005; 43(3)167–170
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kaplin AI, Deshpande DM, Scott E, Krishnan C, Carmen JS, Shats I, et al. IL-6 induces regionally selective spinal cord injury in patients with the neuroinflammatory disorder transverse myelitis. Journal of Clinical Investigation 2005; 115(10)2731–2741
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Licinio J, Prolo P, McCann SM, Wong ML. Brain iNOS: Current understanding and clinical implications. Molecular Medicine Today 1999; 5(5)225–232
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Linda H, Hammarberg H, Cullheim S, Levinovitz A, Khademi M, Olsson T. Expression of MHC class I and beta2-microglobulin in rat spinal motoneurons: Regulatory influences by IFN-gamma and axotomy. Experimental Neurology 1998; 150(2)282–295
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Linda H, Hammarberg H, Piehl F, Khademi M, Olsson T. Expression of MHC class I heavy chain and beta2-microglobulin in rat brainstem motoneurons and nigral dopaminergic neurons. Journal of Neuroimmunology 1999; 101(1)76–86
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Linthorst AC, Flachskamm C, Holsboer F, Reul JM. Local administration of recombinant human interleukin-1 beta in the rat hippocampus increases serotonergic neurotransmission, hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical axis activity, and body temperature. Endocrinology 1994; 135(2)520–532
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Merrill JE, Murphy SP. Inflammatory events at the blood brain barrier: Regulation of adhesion molecules, cytokines, and chemokines by reactive nitrogen and oxygen species. Brain, Behaviour & Immunity 1997; 11(4)245–263
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Milatovic D, Gupta RC, Dettbarn WD. Involvement of nitric oxide in kainic acid-induced excitotoxicity in rat brain. Brain Research 2002; 957(2)330–337
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moalem G, Monsonego A, Shani Y, Cohen IR, Schwartz M. Differential T cell response in central and peripheral nerve injury: Connection with immune privilege. The FASEB journal: Official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology 1999; 13(10)1207–1217
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Paul R, Lorenzl S, Koedel U, Sporer B, Vogel U, Frosch M, et al. Matrix metalloproteinases contribute to the blood-brain barrier disruption during bacterial meningitis. Annals of Neurology 1998; 44(4)592–600
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rock FL, Hardiman G, Timans JC, Kastelein RA, Bazan JF. A family of human receptors structurally related to Drosophila Toll. Proceedings of the National Academy of Science USA. 1998; 95(2): 588–593
   Google Scholar
• Rothwell NJ, Luheshi G, Toulmond S. Cytokines and their receptors in the central nervous system: Physiology, pharmacology, and pathology. Pharmacology & Therapeutics 1996; 69(2)85–95
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sapolsky R, Rivier C, Yamamoto G, Plotsky P, Vale W. Interleukin-1 stimulates the secretion of hypothalamic corticotropin-releasing factor. Science 1987; 238(4826)522–524
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schwartz M, Moalem G. Beneficial immune activity after CNS injury: Prospects for vaccination. Journal of Neuroimmunology 2001; 113(2)185–192
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Simard AR, Rivest S. Bone marrow stem cells have the ability to populate the entire central nervous system into fully differentiated parenchymal microglia. The FASEB journal: Official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology 2004; 18(9)998–1000
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tikka TM, Koistinaho JE. Minocycline provides neuroprotection against N-methyl-D-aspartate neurotoxicity by inhibiting microglia. Journal of Immunology 2001; 166(12)7527–7533
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tonelli LH, Postolache TT, Sternberg EM. Inflammatory genes and neural activity: involvement of immune genes in synaptic function and behavior. Frontiers in bioscience: A journal and virtual library 2005; 10: 675–680
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• van den Borne BE, Dijkmans BA, de Rooij HH, le Cessie S, Verweij CL. Chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine equally affect tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin 6, and interferon-gamma production by peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Journal of Rheumatology 1997; 24(1)55–60
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• van Landeghem FK, Stover JF, Bechmann I, Bruck W, Unterberg A, Buhrer C, et al. Early expression of glutamate transporter proteins in ramified microglia after controlled cortical impact injury in the rat. Glia 2001; 35(3)167–179
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang J, Dunn AJ. Mouse interleukin-6 stimulates the HPA axis and increases brain tryptophan and serotonin metabolism. Neurochemistry International 1998; 33(2)143–154
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Watkins LR, Maier SF, Goehler LE. Cytokine-to-brain communication: a review & analysis of alternative mechanisms. Life Sciences 1995; 57(11)1011–1026
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wilbanks GA, Streilein JW. Fluids from immune privileged sites endow macrophages with the capacity to induce antigen-specific immune deviation via a mechanism involving transforming growth factor-beta. European Journal of Immunology 1992; 22(4)1031–1036
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wilson CJ, Finch CE, Cohen HJ. Cytokines and cognition—the case for a head-to-toe inflammatory paradigm. Journal of the American Geriatric Society 2002; 50(12)2041–2056
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yrjanheikki J, Keinanen R, Pellikka M, Hokfelt T, Koistinaho J. Tetracyclines inhibit microglial activation and are neuroprotective in global brain ischemia. Proceedings of the National Academy of Science USA. 1998; 95(26): 15769–15774
   Google Scholar
• Zhu S, Stavrovskaya IG, Drozda M, Kim BY, Ona V, Li M, et al. Minocycline inhibits cytochrome C release and delays progression of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis in mice. Nature 2002; 417(6884)74–78
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar