Production of Pentoses by Micro-organisms

References

• Aberhart, J., Fehr, T., Jain, R.C, de Mayo, P., Motl, O., Baczynskyj, L., Gracey, D.E.F., MacLean, D.B. and Szilágyi, I. (1970). Primycin. Journal of the American Chemical Society 92, 5816–5817.
   Google Scholar
• Aghoramurthy, K., Sarma, K.G. and Seshadri, T.R. (1961). Chemical investigation of indian lichens-XXIV. The chemical components of Alectoria virens Tayl. Constitution of a new depsidone, virensic acid. Tetrahedron 12, 173–177.
   Google Scholar
• Amano, H. (1970). Separation of a substance containing ribulose in chick yolk at the early stage of chick embryo development. Seikagaku 42, 68–73.
   Google Scholar
• Amemura, A., Hisamatsu, M., Ghai, S.K. and Harada, T. (1981). Structural studies on a new polysaccharide, containing D-riburonic acid, from Rhizobium meliloti IFO 13336. Carbohydrate Research 91, 59–65.
   Google Scholar
• Ames, G.F.-L., Spudich, E.N. and Nikaido, H. (1974). Protein composition of the outer membrane of Salmonella typhitnurium: effect of lipopolysaccharide mutations. Journal of Bacteriology 117, 406–416.
   Google Scholar
• Anderson, R.L. and Allison, D.P. (1965). Purification and characterization of D-lyxose isomerase. Journal of Biological Chemistry 240, 2367–2372.
   Google Scholar
• Anderson, F.B. and Harris, G. (1963). The production of riboflavin and D-arabitol by Debaryomyces subglobosus. Journal of General Microbiology 33, 137–146.
   Google Scholar
• Anderson, R.L. and Wood, W.A. (1962). Pathway of l-xylose and l-lyxose degradation in Aerobacter aerogenes. Journal of Biological Chemistry 237, 296–303.
   Google Scholar
• Arcus, A.C. and Edson, N.L. (1956). Polyol dehydrogenases. 2. The polyol dehydrogenases of Acetobacter suboxydans and Candida utilis. Biochemical Journal 64, 385–394.
   Google Scholar
• Asai, T., Dot, M., Kono, T. and Fukuda, H. (1978). Kinetic study on the production of D-ribose by Bacillus sp. Journal of Fermentation Technology 56, 91–95.
   Google Scholar
• Avery, O.T., MacLeod, CM. and McCarty, M. (1944). Studies on the chemical nature of the substance inducing transformation of pneumococcal types. Journal of Experimental Medicine 79, 137–158.
   Google Scholar
• Bachmann, B.J. (1983). Linkage map of Escherichia coli K-12. Edition 7. Microbiological Reviews 47, 180–230.
   Google Scholar
• Backlund, P.S., Jr and Smith, R.A. (1981). Methionine synthesis from 5’-methylthioadenosine in rat liver. Journal of Biological Chemistry 256, 1533–1535.
   Google Scholar
• Barnett, J.A. (1968). The catabolism of acyclic polyols by yeasts. Journal of General Microbiology 52, 131–159.
   Google Scholar
• Batley, M., Packer, N.H. and Redmond, J.W. (1982). Configurations of glycosidic phosphates of lipopolysaccharide from Salmonella minnesota R595. Biochemistry 21, 6580–6586.
   Google Scholar
• Bayer, M.E., Koplow, J. and Goldfine, H. (1975). Alterations in envelope structure of heptose-deficient mutants of Escherichia coli as revealed by freeze-etching. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 72, 5145–5149.
   Google Scholar
• Bentley, H.R., Cunningham, K.G. and Spring, F.S. (1951). Cordycepin, a metabolic product from cultures of Cordyceps militaris (Linn.) Link. Part II. The structure of cordycepin. Journal of the Chemical Society 1951, 2301–2305.
   Google Scholar
• Bernhauer, K. and Riedl-Tumová, E. (1950). Oxidationen mittels Essigbakterien. 10. Mitteilung. Notiz über die Oxidation der enantiomorphen Formen der Xylose und Arabinose. Biochemische Zeitschrift 321, 26–30.
   Google Scholar
• Bernier, R., Jr, Driguez, H. and Desrochers, M. (1983). Molecular cloning of a Bacillus subtilis xylanase gene in Escherichia coli. Gene 26, 59–65.
   Google Scholar
• Bernier, R., Jr, Desrochers, M., Jurasek, L. and Paice, M.G. (1983). Isolation and characterization of a xylanase from Bacillus subtilis. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 46, 511–514.
   Google Scholar
• Bertrand, G. (1898a). Action de la bactérie du sorbose sur le suere de bois. Comptes rendus des séances de l’Académic des sciences 127, 124–127.
   Google Scholar
• Bertrand, G. (1898b). Action de la bactérie du sorbose sur les sucres aldèhydiques. Comptes rendus des séances de l’Académic des sciences 127, 728–731.
   Google Scholar
• Binkley, W.W. and Wolfrom, M.L. (1950). Chromatographic fractionation of cane blackstrap molasses and of its fermentation residue. Journal of the American Chemical Society 72, 4778–4782.
   Google Scholar
• Boguslawski, G. (1983). Purification and characterization of glucose isomerase from Flavobacterium arborescens. Journal of Applied Biochemistry 5, 186–196. Briner, G.P., Gream, G.E. and Riggs, N.V. (1960). Chemistry of australian lichens. I. Some constituents of Parmelia conspersa (Ehrh.) Arc., Ramalina fraxinea (L.) Ach., Usnea barbata (L.) Wigg., and U. ceratina Ach., from the New England region. Australian Journal of Chemistry 13, 277–284.
   Google Scholar
• Brown, F., Neal, D.J. and Wilkinson, S.G. (1977). Presence of 3-O-methyl-L-xylose in the lipopolysaccharide of Pseudomonas maltophilia N.C.T.C. 10257. Biochemical Journal 163, 173–175.
   Google Scholar
• Camyre, K.P. and Mortlock, R.P, (1965). Growth of Aerobacter aerogenes on D-arabinose and L-xylose. Journal of Bacteriology 90, 1157–1158.
   Google Scholar
• Carter, C.E. (1951). Partial purification of a non-phosphorylytic uridine nucleosidase from yeast. Journal of the American Chemical Society 73, 1508–1510.
   Google Scholar
• Chakravorty, M., Veiga, L.A., Bacila, M. and Horecker, B.L. (1962). Pentose metabolism in Candida. II. The diphosphopyridine nucleotide-specific polyol dehydrogenase of Candida utilis. Journal of Biological Chemistry 237, 1014–1020.
   Google Scholar
• Chang, S.-C., Wang. H.-L. and Yang, L.-W. (1963). The production of glycerol and arabitol bv osmophilic yeasts. Wei Sheng Wu Hsueh Pao 9, 334–343. (Chemical Abstracts 60. 12407).
   Google Scholar
• Chang, S.-C. Yang, L.-W. and Wang, H.-L. (1963). Studies on the production of glycerol and arabitol by osmophilic yeasts. II. Arabitol production by Hansenula arabitolgenes Fang. Acta Microbiologica Sinica 9. 134–139 (Biological Abstracts 45. 105778).
   Google Scholar
• Chargaff, E. and Anderson, R.J. (1930). Ein Polysaccharid aus den Lipoiden der Tuberkelbakterien. Hoppe-Seyler’s Zeitschrift für Physiologische Chemie 191, 172–178.
   Google Scholar
• Chen, W.-P. (1980a). Glucose isomerase. Process Biochemistry 15, 30–35.
   Google Scholar
• Chen, W.-P. (1980b). Glucose isomerase. Process Biochemistry 15, 36–41.
   Google Scholar
• Chen, W.P., Anderson, A.W. and Han, Y.W. (1979). Production of glucose isomerase by Streptomyces flavogriseus. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 37, 324–331.
   Google Scholar
• Chiang, C. and Knight, S.G. (1960a). Metabolism of D-xylose by molds. Nature 188, 79–81.
   Google Scholar
• Chiang, C. and Knight, S.G.(1960b). A new pathway of pentose metabolism, Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications 3, 554–559.
   Google Scholar
• Chiang, L.-C., Hsiao, H.-Y., Ueng, P.P. and Tsao, G.T. (1981). Enzymatic and microbial preparation of D-xylulose from D-xylose. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 42, 66–69.
   Google Scholar
• Chou, C.C., Ladisch, M.R. and Tsao, G.T. (1976). Studies on glucose isomerase from a Streptomyces species. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 32, 489–493.
   Google Scholar
• Claeyssens, M. Saman, E., Kersters-Hilderson, H. and de Bruyne, C.K. (1975). ß-Xylosidase from Bacillus pumilus. Biochimica et biophysica acta 405, 475–481.
   Google Scholar
• Cline, A.L. and Hu, A.S.L. (1965). The isolation of three sugar dehydrogenases from a pseudomonad. Journal of Biological Chemistry 240, 4488–4492.
   Google Scholar
• Cohen, S.S. (1953). Studies on D-ribulose and its enzymatic conversion to D-arabinose. Journal of Biological Chemistry 201, 71–84.
   Google Scholar
• Cummins, C.S. (1956). Some observations on the nature of the antigens in the cell wall of Corynebacterium diphtheriae. British Journal of Experimental Pathology 35, 166–180.
   Google Scholar
• Dahms, A.S. and Anderson, R.L. (1969). 2-Keto-3-deoxy-L-arabonate aldolase and its role in a new pathway of L-arabinose degradation. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications 36, 809–814.
   Google Scholar
• Danno, G. (1970). Studies on D-glucose-isomerizing enzyme from Bacillus coagulans. strain HN-68. Part V. Comparative study on the three activities of D-glucose, D-xylose and D-ribose isomerization of the crystalline enzymes. Agricultural and Biological Chemistry 34, 1805–1814.
   Google Scholar
• Danno, G. (1971). Studies on D-glucose-isomerizing enzyme from Bacillus coagulans, strain HN-68. Part VI. The role of metal ions on the isomerization of D-glucose and D-xylose by the enzyme. Agricultural and Biological Chemistry 35, 997–1006.
   Google Scholar
• David, J.D. and Wiesmeyer, H. (1970). Control of xylose metabolism in Escherichia coli. Biochimica et biophysica acta 201, 497–499.
   Google Scholar
• Dekker, R.F.H. and Richards, G.N. (1976). Hemicellulases: their occurrence, purification, properties, and mode of action. Advances in Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biochemistry 32, 277–352.
   Google Scholar
• Dion, H.W.,Woo, P.W.K.,Willmer, N.E., Kern, D.L., Onaga, J. and Fusari, S.A. (1972). Butirosin, a new aminoglycosidic antibiotic complex: isolation and characterization. Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 2, 84–88.
   Google Scholar
• Duncan, M.J. (1979). L-Arabinose metabolism in Rhizobia. Journal of General Microbiology 113, 177–179.
   Google Scholar
• Eidels, L. and Osborn, M.J. (1971). Lipopolysaccharide aldoheptose biosynthesis in transketolase mutants of Salmonella typhimurium. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 68, 1673–1677.
   Google Scholar
• Esteban, R., Villanueva, J.R. and Villa, T.G. (1982). ß-D-Xylanases of Bacillus circulans WL-12. Canadian Journal of Microbiology 28, 733–739.
   Google Scholar
• Ferro, A.J., Wrobel, N.C. and Nicolette, J.A. (1979). 5-Methylthioribose 1-phosphate: a product of partially purified, rat liver 5’-methylthioadenosine phosphorylase activity. Biochimica et biophysica acta 570, 65–73.
   Google Scholar
• Flaks, J.G. (1963). Nucleotide synthesis from 5-phosphoribosylpyrophosphate. In Methods in Enzymology (S.P. Colowick and N.O. Kaplan. Eds), volume 6. pp. 136–158. Academic Press, New York and London.
   Google Scholar
• Foster, J.W. (1944). Microbiological aspects of riboflavin. III. Oxidation studies with Pseudomonas riboflavina. Journal of Bacteriology 48. 97–111.
   Google Scholar
• Frèrejacque, M.M. (1939). Présence du d-arabitol dans Fistulina hepatica. Comptes rendus des séances de l’Académic des sciences 208, 1123–1124.
   Google Scholar
• Galmarini, O.L. and Deulofeu, V. (1961). Curamycin I. (1963) Isolation and characterization of some hydrolysis products. Tetrahedron 15, 76–86.
   Google Scholar
• Gehrke, M. and Aichner, F.X. (1927). Über das Arabinal. Chemische Berichte 60, 918–922.
   Google Scholar
• Gerber, N.N. and Lechevalier, H.A. (1962). 3’-Amino-3’-deoxyadenosine, an antitumor agent from Helminthosporium sp. Journal of Organic Chemistry 27, 1731–1732.
   Google Scholar
• Ghangas, G.S. and Wilson, D.B. (1984). Isolation and characterization of the Salmonella typhimurium LT2 xylose regulon. Journal of Bacteriology 157, 158–164.
   Google Scholar
• Giovenco, S., Morisi, F. and Pansolli, P. (1973). Properties of free and immobilized glucose isomerase. FEBS Letters 36, 57–60.
   Google Scholar
• Gmeiner, J. (1977). The ribitol-phosphate-containing lipopolysaccharide from Proteus mirabilis, strain D52. Investigations on the structure of O-specific chains. European Journal of Biochemistry 74, 171–180.
   Google Scholar
• Gmeiner, J., Mayer, H., Fromme, I., Kotelko, K. and Zych, K. (1977). Ribitol-containing lipopolysaccharides from Proteus mirabilis and their serological relationship. European Journal of Biochemistry 72, 35–40.
   Google Scholar
• Godin, P. (1953a). Étude du métabolisme terminaire de Penicillium brevi-compactum I. Analyse chromatographique du milieu de culture. Biochimica et biophysica acta 11, 114–118.
   Google Scholar
• Godin, P. (1953b). Étude du métabolisme terminaire de Penicillium brevi-compactum. II. Analyse chromatographique de la solution glucosée substituée au milieu de culture initial. Biochimica et biophysica acta 11, 119–121.
   Google Scholar
• Gong, C.-S., Chen, L.-F. and Tsao, G.T. (1981). Quantitative production of xylitol from D-xylose by a high-xylitol producing yeast mutant Candida tropicalis HXP2. Biotechnology Letters 3, 125–130.
   Google Scholar
• Gong, C.-S., Chen, L.F., Flickinger, M.C. and Tsao, G.T. (1981a). Conversion of hemicellulose carbohydrates. Advances in Biochemical Engineering/Biotechnology 20, 93–118.
   Google Scholar
• Gong, C.-S., Chen, L.-F., Flickinger, M.C, Chiang, L.-C. and Tsao, G.T. (1981b). Production of ethanol from D-xylose by using D-xylose isomerase and yeasts. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 41, 430–436.
   Google Scholar
• Green, M. and Cohen, S.S. (1956). Enzymatic conversion of L-fucose to L-fuculose. Journal of Biological Chemistry 219, 557–568.
   Google Scholar
• Guarino, A.J. and Kredich, N.M. (1963). Isolation and identification of 3’-amino-3’-deoxyadenosine from Cordyceps militaris. Biochimica et biophysica acta 68, 317–319.
   Google Scholar
• Hajny, G.J. (1964). D-Arabitol production by Endomycopsis chodati. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 12, 87–92.
   Google Scholar
• Hann, R.M., Tilden, E.B. and Hudson, C.S. (1938). The oxidation of sugar alcohols bv Acetobacter suboxydans. Journal of the American Chemical Society 60, 1201–1203.
   Google Scholar
• Hanssen, L., van Regenmortel, A. and Verachtert, H. (1972). pH-Dependent polyol production in Moniliella tomentosa. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 24, 831–833.
   Google Scholar
• Harada.T. (1984). Isoamylase and its industrial significance in the production of sugars from starch, in Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering Reviews (G.E. Russell, Ed.), volume 1, pp. 39–63. Intercept, Newcastle upon Tyne.
   Google Scholar
• Hase, S. and Rietschel, E.T. (1977). The chemical structure of the lipid A component of lipopolysaccharides from Chromobacterium violaceum NCTC 9694. European Journal of Biochemistry 75, 23–34.
   Google Scholar
• Hattori, K. and Suzuki, T. (1974a). Microbial production of D-arabitol by n-alkane-grown Candida tropicalis. Agricultural and Biological Chemistry 38, 1875–1881.
   Google Scholar
• Hattori, K. and Suzuki, T. (1974b). Enzymatic studies on the conversion of citric acid fermentation to polyol fermentation in hydrocarbon-assimilating yeast Candida zeylanoides. Agricultural and Biological Chemistry 38, 2419–2424.
   Google Scholar
• Hayashi, H. (1971). Separation of a substance containing D-ribulose in human follicular fluid. Japanese Journal of Fertility and Sterility 16, 161–165.
   Google Scholar
• Hayashida, A. (1938). Nachweis der Aero-Pentosedehydrase (Pentoseoxidase) und Katalase bei Fusarien. Biochemische Zeitschrift 298, 169–178.
   Google Scholar
• Haworth, N., Kent, P.W. and Stacey, M. (1948a). The constitution of a specific somatic polysaccharide from M. tuberculosis (Human strain). Journal of the Chemical Society 1948, 1211–1220.
   Google Scholar
• Haworth, N., Kent, P.W. and Stacey, M. (1948b). The constitution of a lipid-bound polysaccharide from M. tuberculosis (Human strain). Journal of the Chemical Society 1948, 1220–1224.
   Google Scholar
• Heath, E.C., Horecker, B.L., Smyrniotis, P.Z. and Takagi, Y. (1958). Pentose fermentation by Lactobacillus plantarum. Journal of Biological Chemistry 231, 1031–1037.
   Google Scholar
• Heppel., L.A. and Hilmoe, R.J. (1952). Phosphorolysis and hydrolysis of purine ribosides by enzymes from yeast. Journal of Biological Chemistry 198, 683–694.
   Google Scholar
• Hershey, A.D. and Chase, M. (1952). Independent functions of viral protein and nucleic acid in growth of bacteriophage. Journal of General Physiology 36, 39–56.
   Google Scholar
• Higashi, K., Kusakabe, I., Yasui, T., Ishiyama, T. and Okimoto, Y. (1983). Arabinan-degrading enzymes from Streptomyces diastatochromogenes 065. Agricultural and Biological Chemistry 47, 2903–2905.
   Google Scholar
• Hochster, R.M. and Nozzolillo, C.G. (1961). The breakdown of ribonucleosides in extracts of the phytopathogenic organism Xanthomonas phaseoli. Canadian Journal of Microbiology 7, 389–397.
   Google Scholar
• Hochster, R.M. and Watson, R.W. (1953). Xylose isomerase. Journal of the American Chemical Society 75, 3284–3285.
   Google Scholar
• Hochster, R.M. and Watson, R.W. (1954). Enzymatic isomerization of D-xylose to D-xylulose Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics 48, 120–129.
   Google Scholar
• Hoeksema, H. and Baczynskyj, L. (1976). A new metabolite from Streptomyces hygroscopicus. II. Identification as 1-deoxy-D-threo-pentulose. Journal of Antibiotics XXIX, 688–691.
   Google Scholar
• Höfer, M., Betz, A. and Kotyk, A. (1971). Metabolism of the obligatory aerobic yeast Rhodotorula gracilis IV. Induction of an enzyme necessary for D-xylose catabolism. Biochemica et biophysica acta 252, 1–12.
   Google Scholar
• Hoffman, J., Lindberg, B., Hofstad, T. and Lygre, H. (1977). Structural studies of the polysaccharide antigen of Eubacterium saburreum, strain L.452. Carbohydrate Research 58, 439–442.
   Google Scholar
• Hofstad, T. and Lygre, H. (1977). Composition and antigenic properties of a surface polysaccharide isolated from Eubacterium saburreum, strain L 452. Acta pathologica, microbiologica et immunologica scandinavica Section B, 85, 14–17.
   Google Scholar
• Holdsworth, E.S. (1952). The nature of the cell wall of Corynebacterium diphtheriae. Isolation of an oligosaccharide. Biochimica et biophysica acta 9, 19–28.
   Google Scholar
• Horitsu, H., and Tomoyeda, M. (1966). Pentose metabolism by Candida utilis. Part III. Polyol: NAD oxidoreductase. Agricultural and Biological Chemistry 30, 962–966.
   Google Scholar
• Horitsu, H., Sasaki, I. and Tomoyeda, M. (1970). Pentose metabolism in Candida utilis. Part V. L-Arabinose ketol isomerase. Agricultural and Biological Chemistry 34, 676–683.
   Google Scholar
• Hsiao, H.-Y., Chiang, L.-C. Chen, L.-F. and Tsao, G.T. (1982). Effects of borate on isomerization and yeast fermentation of high xylulose solution and acid hydrolysate of hemicellulose. Enzyme and Microbiological Technology 4, 25–31.
   Google Scholar
• Hu, A.S.L. and Cline, A.L. (1964). The regulation of some sugar dehydrogenases in a pseudomonad. Biochimica et biophysica acta 93, 237–245.
   Google Scholar
• Hurwitz, J., Heppel, L.A. and Horecker, B.L. (1957). The enzymatic cleavage of adenylic acid to adenine and ribose 5-phosphate. Journal of Biological Chemistry 226, 525–540.
   Google Scholar
• Ichimura, M., Hirose, Y., Katsuya, N. and Yamada, K. (1965). Production and properties of D-glucose isomerase from Brevibacterium pentoso-aminoacidicum. Journal of the Agricultural and Chemical Society of Japan 139, 291–298.
   Google Scholar
• Ikeda, S. and Yamada, K. (1963a). Studies on xylonic acid fermentation. Part I. Isolation of the acid-producing mold strain and identification of D-xylonic acid in fermentation broth. Journal of the Agricultural and Chemical Society of Japan 37, 514–517.
   Google Scholar
• Ikeda, S. and Yamada, K. (1963b). Studies on xylonic acid fermentation. Part II. On taxonomical characteristics of the strain and some cultural conditions. Journal of the Agricultural and Chemical Society of Japan 37, 518–523.
   Google Scholar
• Imada, A. (197(1). Metabolism of pyrimidine nucleosides and nucleotides by microorganisms. Journal of the Takeda Research Laboratories 29, 722–775.
   Google Scholar
• Imada, A., Kuno, M. and Igarashi, S. (1967). Degradation of pyrimidine nucleotides by pyrimidine 5’-nucleotide phosphoribo (deoxyribo) hydrolase of Streptomyces. Amino Acid and Nucleic Acid 15, 49–58.
   Google Scholar
• Imada, A., Nakao, Y., Nogami, I., Igarashi, S. and Ogata, K. (1963). Excretion of 5’-nucleotides by bacteria. Part IV. Excretion of 5’-nucleotides by Pseudomonas graveolens. Amino Acid and Nucleic Acid 8, 118–126.
   Google Scholar
• Irvin, R.T., Chatterjee, A.K., Sanderson, K.E. and Costerton, J.W. (1975). Comparison of the cell envelope structure of a lipopolysaccharide-defective (heptose-deficient) strain and a smooth strain of Salmonella typhimurium. Journal of Bacteriology 124, 930–941.
   Google Scholar
• Izumori, K. and Yamanaka, K. (1974). Purification and crystallization of D-arabinose (L-fucose) isomerase from Aerobacter acrogenes by polyethylene glycol. Agricultural and Biological Chemistry 38, 267–273.
   Google Scholar
• Izumori, K., Mitchell, M. and Elbein, A.D. 0976). Evidence that the isomerization of D-ribose and L-rhamnose is catalyzed by the same enzyme in Mycobacterium smegmatis. Journal of Bacteriology 126, 553–555.
   Google Scholar
• Izumori, K., Rees, A.W. and Elbein, A.D. (1975). Purification, crystallization, and properties of D-ribose isomerase from Mycobacterium smegmatis. Journal of Biological Chemistry 250, 8085–8087.
   Google Scholar
• Izumori, K., Ueda, Y. and Yamanaka, K. (1978). Pentose metabolism in Mycobacterium smegmatis: comparison of L-arabinose isomerases induced by L-arabinose and D-galactose. Journal of Bacteriology 133, 413–414.
   Google Scholar
• Izumori, K., Yamanaka, K. and Elbein, A.D. (1976). Pentose metabolism in Mycobacterium smegmatis: specificity of induction of pentose isomerases. Journal of Bacteriology 128, 587–591.
   Google Scholar
• Jeffries, T.W. (1983). Utilization of xylose by bacteria, yeasts, and fungi. Advances in Biochemical Engineering/Biotechnology 27, 1–32.
   Google Scholar
• Johnson, E. A., Villa, T.G., Lewis, M.J. and Phaff, H.J. (1979). Lysis of the cell wall of the yeast Phaffia rhodozyma by a lytic enzyme complex from Bacillus circulans WL-12. Journal of Applied Biochemistry 1, 273–282.
   Google Scholar
• Jones, J.K.N. (1939). The constitution of cherry gum. Part I. Composition. Journal of the Chemical Society 1939, 558–563.
   Google Scholar
• Jones, J.K.N. (1947). The constitution of cherry gum. Part II. The products of hydrolysis of methylated cherry gum. Journal of the Chemical Society 1947, 1055–1059.
   Google Scholar
• Josephson, B.L. and Fraenkel, D.G. (1969). Transketolase mutants of Escherichia coli. Journal of Bacteriology 100, 1289–1295.
   Google Scholar
• Josephson, B.L. and Fraenkel, D.G. (1974). Sugar metabolism in transketolase mutants of Escherichia coli. Journal of Bacteriology 118, 1082–1089.
   Google Scholar
• Kaji, A. and Sahekl, T. (1975). Endo-arabinanase from Bacillus subtilis F-ll. Biochimica et biophysica acta 410, 354–360.
   Google Scholar
• Kaji, A. and Shimokawa, K. (1984). New exo-type arabinase from Erwinia carotovora IAM 1024. Agricultural and Biological Chemistry 48, 67–72.
   Google Scholar
• Kaji, A., Sato, M. and Tsutsui, Y. (1981). An a-L-arabinofuranosidase produced by wild-type Streptomyces sp. No. 17–1. Agricultural and Biological Chemistry 45, 925–931.
   Google Scholar
• Kauffmann, F., Jann, B., Krüger, L., Lüderitz, O. and Westphal, O. (1962). Zur Immunchemie der O-Antigene von Enterobacteriaceae. Zentralblatt für Bakteriologie and Parasitenkunde Abteilung 1. 186, 509–516.
   Google Scholar
• Kiessling, H., Lindberg, B. and McKay, J. (1962). Some products of the metabolism of D-xylose by Pullularia pullulans. Acta chemica scandinavica 16, 1858–1862.
   Google Scholar
• Komae, K., Kaji, A. and Sato, M. (1982). An a-L-arabinofuranosidase from Streptomyces purpurascens IFO 3389. Agricultural and Biological Chemistry 46, 1899–1905.
   Google Scholar
• Koplow, J. and Goldfine, H. (1974). Alterations in the outer membrane of the cell envelope of heptose-deficient mutants of Escherichia coli. Journal of Bacteriology 117, 527–543.
   Google Scholar
• Kubacková, M., Karácsonyi, Š. and Váradi, J. (1975). Studies on xylanase from Basidiomycetes. Folia Microbiologica 20, 29–37.
   Google Scholar
• Kuhn, R., Reinemund, K., Weygand, F. and Ströbele, R. (1935). Über die Synthese des Lacto flavins (Vitamin B2:). Chemische Berichte 68, 1765–1774.
   Google Scholar
• Kuninaka, A. (1956). Studies on the decomposition of nucleic acid by microorganisms. Part V. On the enzymatic degradation of inosinic acid by Aspergillus oryzae. Journal of the Agricultural and Chemical Society of Japan 30, 583–588.
   Google Scholar
• Kuninaka, A. (1957). Enzymic degradation of yeast ribonucleic acid and its related compounds by Aspergillus oryzae. Journal of General and Applied Microbiology 3, 55–92.
   Google Scholar
• Kuninaka, A. (1959). Studies on the decomposition of nucleic acid by microorganisms. Part VI. On the ribosidase of Aspergillus oryzae acting on 6-hydroxypurine ribonucleosides and their 5’-monophosphates. Agricultural and Biological Chemistry 23, 281–288.
   Google Scholar
• Kusakabe, I., Yasui, T. and Kobayashi, T. (1975). Some properties of araban degrading enzymes produced by microorganisms and enzymatic preparation of arabinose from sugar beet pulp. Journal of the Agricultural and Chemical Society of Japan 49, 295–305.
   Google Scholar
• Lampen, J.O. and Wang, T.P. (1952). The mechanism of action of Lactobacillus pentosus nucleosidase. Journal of Biological Chemistry 198, 385–395.
   Google Scholar
• Lawrence, N.L. (1955). The cleavage of adenosine by spores of Bacillus cereus. Journal of Bacteriology 70, 577–582.
   Google Scholar
• Lee, N. and Englesberg, E. (1962). Dual effects of structural genes in Escherichia coli. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 48, 335–348.
   Google Scholar
• Lin, E.C.C. (1961). An inducible D-arabitol dehydrogenase from Acrobacter aerogenes. Journal of Biological Chemistry 236, 31–36.
   Google Scholar
• Lindberg, B., Misiorny, A. and Wachtmeister, C.A. (1953). Studies on the chemistry of lichens IV. Investigation of the low-molecular carbohydrate constituents of different lichens. Acta chemica scandinavica 7, 591–595.
   Google Scholar
• Lockwood, L.B. and Nelson, G.E.N. (1946). The oxidation of pentoses by Pseudomonas. Journal of Bacteriology 52, 581–586.
   Google Scholar
• Lyr, H. (1962). Nachweis einer Xylose-Oxidase (Xylose-O2-Transhydrogenase) bei höheren Pilzen. Enzimologia 24, 69–80.
   Google Scholar
• McCracken, L.D. and Gong, C.-S. (1983). D-Xylose metabolism by mutant strains of Candida sp. Advances in Biochemical Engineering/Biotechnology 27, 33–55
   Google Scholar
• Maleszka, R., Wang, P.Y. and Schneider, H. (1982). A ColEl hybrid plasmid containing Escherichia coli genes complementing D-xylose negative mutants of Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhimurium. Canadian Journal of Biochemistry 60, 144–151.
   Google Scholar
• Marcus, L. and Marr, A.G. (1961). Polyol dehydrogenases of Azotobacter agilis. Journal of Bacteriology 82, 224–232.
   Google Scholar
• Marshall, R.O. and Kooi, E.R. (1957). Enzymatic conversion of D-glucose to D-fructose. Science 125, 648–649.
   Google Scholar
• Masuo, E. and Nozaki, Y. (1956). On the oxidation of some hexoses and pentoses by Aerobacter aerogenes. Studies on oxidation of carbohydrates by bacteria (VII). Annual Report of Shionogi Research Laboratories 6, 110–114.
   Google Scholar
• Matsuo, M., Yasui, T. and Kobayashi, T. (1975). Production and saccharifying action for xylan of xylanase from Malbranchea pulchella var sulfurea. No. 48. Journal of the Agricultural and Chemical Society of Japan 49, 263–270.
   Google Scholar
• Matsuo, M., Yasui, T. and Kobayashi, T. (1977a). Purification and some properties of ß-xylosidase from Malbranchea pulchella var. sulfurea No. 48. Agricultural and Biological Chemistry 41, 1593–1599.
   Google Scholar
• Matsuo, M., Yasui, T. and Kobayashi, T. (1977b). Enzymatic properties of ß-xylosidase from Malbranchea pulchella var sulfurea No. 48. Agricultural and Biological Chemistry 41, 1601–1606.
   Google Scholar
• Maxim, M. (1930). Die Kohlenhydratfracktion derTuberkelbazillen und desTuberkulin. d-Mannose und d-Arabinose. Biochemische Zeitschrift 223, 404–407.
   Google Scholar
• Mellinghoff, C.H. (1961). Über die Verwendbarkeit des Xylit ais Ersatzzucker bei Diabetikern. Klinische Wochenschrift 39, 447.
   Google Scholar
• Misawa, M., Nara, T. and Kinoshita, S. (1967). Bacterial accumulation of ribulose and xylulose. Agricultural and Biological Chemistry 31, 611–615.
   Google Scholar
• Mitsuhashi, S. and Lampen, J.O. (1953). Conversion of D-xylose to o-xylulose in extracts of Lactobacillus pentosus. Journal of Biological Chemistry 204, 1011–1018.
   Google Scholar
• Mlyano. K., Ishibashi. M., Kunita. N., Takeda, Y. and Miwatani, T. (1983). Demonstration of the presence of alditols and galacturonic acid in Vibrio para-haemolyticus O10 lipopolysaccharide. FEMS Microbiology Letters 20, 225–228.
   Google Scholar
• Moran, J.W. and Witter, L.D. (3979). Effect of sugars on D-arabitol production and glucose metabolism in Saccharomyces rouxii. Journal of Bacteriology 138, 823–831.
   Google Scholar
• Mortlock, R.P. and Old, D.C. (1979). Utilization of D-xylose by wild-type strains of Salmonella typhimurium. Journal of Bacteriology 137, 173–178.
   Google Scholar
• Mortlock, R.P. and Wood, W.A. (1964). Metabolism of pentoses and pentitols by Aerobacter aerogenes. I. Demonstration of pentose isomerase, pentulokinase, and pentitol dehydrogenase enzyme families. Journal of Bacteriology 88, 838–844.
   Google Scholar
• Mortlock, R.P. and Wood, W.A. (1966). 2-Ketopentoses. In Methods in Enzymology (S.P- Colowick and N.O. Kaplan, Eds), volume 9, pp. 39–41. Academic Press, New York and London.
   Google Scholar
• Mortlock, R.P., Fossitt, D.D. and Wood, W.A. (1965). A basis for utilization of unnatural pentoses and pentitols by Aerobacter aerogenes. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 54, 572–579.
   Google Scholar
• Mortlock, R.P., Fossitt, D.D., Petering, D.H. and Wood, W.A. (1965). Metabolism of pentoses and pentitols by Aerobacter aerogenes. III. Physical and immunological properties of pentitol dehydrogenases and pentulokinases. Journal of Bacteriology 89, 129–135.
   Google Scholar
• Moses, V. and Ferries, R.J. (1962). The biochemical preparation of D-xylulose and L-ribulose. Details of the action of Acetobacter suboxidans on D-arabitol, ribitol and other polyhydroxy compounds. Biochemical Journal 83, 8–14.
   Google Scholar
• Mühlradt, F., Wray, V. and Lehmann, V. (3977). A 31P-nuclear-magnetic-resonance study of the phosphate groups in lipopolysaccharide and lipid A from Salmonella. European Journal of Biochemistry 81, 193–203.
   Google Scholar
• Nagaoka, S. (1973). Separation of a substance containing D-ribulose in human seminal fluid. Japanese Journal of Fertility and Sterility 18, 67–74.
   Google Scholar
• Nakanishi, K., Yasui, T. and Kobayashi, T. (1976). A preliminary experiment on the xylanase production by Streptomyces sp. Journal of Fermentation Technology 54, 813–817.
   Google Scholar
• Natake, M. and Yoshimura, S. (1963). Studies on glucose isomerase of bacteria. Part I. Formation of glucose isomerase by Aerobacter aerogenes. strain HN-56, and its relationship to xylose isomerase. Agricultural and Biological Chemistry 27, 342–348.
   Google Scholar
• Natake, M. and Yoshimura, S. (1964a). Studies on glucose isomerase of bacteria. Part II. The glucose isomerizing activity of Escherichia intermedia, strain HN-500. Agricultural and Biological Chemistry 28, 505–509.
   Google Scholar
• Natake, M. and Yoshimura, S. (1964b). Studies on glucose isomerase of bacteria. Part III. The mode of action of glucose isomerase from Escherichia intermedia, strain HN-500. Agricultural and Biological Chemistry 28, 510–516.
   Google Scholar
• Nogami, I., Kida, M., Iijima, T. and Yoneda, M. (1968). Studies on the fermentative production of purine derivatives. Part I. Derivation of guanosine and inosine-producing mutants from a Bacillus strain. Agricultural and Biological Chemistry 32, 144–152.
   Google Scholar
• Ogata, K. (1976). History and prospects. In Microbial Production of Nucleic Acid-Related Substances (K. Ogata, S. Kinoshita, T. Tsunoda and K. Aida. Eds), pp. xiii–xviii. Kodansha Ltd., Tokyo and John Wiley & Sons, New York, London, Sydney. Toronto.
   Google Scholar
• Ohira, K.,Takahashi, H. and Saito, H. (1983). Physical map of xylose operon and its use. In Abstracts of the Annual Meeting of the Society of Fermentation Technology, Osaka, Japan, 7–9 November 1983 (H. Taguchi et al., Eds), p. 47. Society of Fermentation Technology, Japan.
   Google Scholar
• Ohsugi, M., Tochikura, T. and Ogata, K. (1970). The production of D-xylonie acid by Micrococcus sp. Agricultural and Biological Chemistry 34, 357–363.
   Google Scholar
• Oliver, E.J. and Mortlock, R.P. (1971). Metabolism of D-arabinose by Aerobacter aerogenes: purification of the isomerase. Journal of Bacteriology 108, 293–299.
   Google Scholar
• Oliver, E.J., Bisson, T.M., LeBlanc, D.J. and Mortlock, R.P. (1969). D-Ribulose production by a mutant of Aerobacter aerogenes. Analytical Biochemistry 27, 300–305.
   Google Scholar
• Omura, S., Katagiri, M., Atsumi, K., Hata, T., Jakubowski, A.A., Springs, E.B. and Tishler, M. (1974), Structure of prumycin. Journal of the Chemical Society Perkin Transactions I 1974, 1627–1631.
   Google Scholar
• Onishi, H. (1960a). Studies on osmophilic yeasts. Part VII. Production of polyalcohols by Saccharomyces rouxii in the concentrated media of sodium chloride and sugars, and identification of polyalcohols produced. Agricultural and Biological Chemistry 24, 126–130.
   Google Scholar
• Onishi, H. (1960b). Studies on osmophilic yeasts. Part VIII. Polyalcohol production by various genera and species of veasts. Agricultural and Biological Chemistrv 24, 131–140
   Google Scholar
• Onishi, H. and Perry, M.B. (1965). The production of meso-glycero-ido-heptitol and D-glycero-D-ido-heptitol by Pichia miso. Canadian Journal of Microbiology 11, 929–934.
   Google Scholar
• Onishi, H. and Saito, N. (1962). Studies on osmophilic yeasts. Part XIV. Partial purification of polyol dehydrogenase from Pichia miso and the properties of this enzyme. Agricultural and Biological Chemistry 26, 245–251.
   Google Scholar
• Onishi, H. and Suzuki, T. (1966). The production of xylitol, L-arabitol, and ribitol by yeasts. Agricultural and Biological Chemistry 30, 1139–1144.
   Google Scholar
• Onishi, H. and Suzuki, T. (1969). Microbial production of xylitol from glucose. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 18, 1031–1035.
   Google Scholar
• Onishi, H., Saito, N. and Koshiyama. L (1961). Studies on osomphilic yeasts. Part XI. Various factors affecting polyalcohol production by Pichia miso. Agricultural and Biological Chemistry 25, 124–530.
   Google Scholar
• Paice, M.G., Jurasek, L., Carpenter, M.R. and Smillie, L,B. (1978). Production, characterization, and partial amino acid sequence of xylanase A from Schizophyl-lum commune. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 36, 802–808.
   Google Scholar
• Palleroni, N.J. and Doudoroef, M. (1957). Metabolism of carbohydrates by Pseudomonas saccharophila III. Oxidation of D-arabinose. Journal of Bacteriology 74, 180–185.
   Google Scholar
• Panbangred, W., Shinmyo, A. and Okada, H. (1983). Expression of xylanase gene of Bacillus pumilus in Bacillus subtilis. In Abstracts of the Annual Meeting of the Society of Fermentation Technology, Osaka, Japan, 7–9 November 1983 (H. Taguchi et al., Eds), p. 55. Society of Fermentation Technology, Japan.
   Google Scholar
• Panbangred, W., Kondo, T., Negoro, S., Shinmyo, A. and Okada, H. (1983). Molecular cloning of the genes for xylan degradation of Bacillus pumilus and their expression in Escherichia coli. Molecular and General Genetics 192, 335–341.
   Google Scholar
• Pedrosa, F.O. and Zancan, G. (1974). L-Arabinose metabolism in Rhizobium japonicum. Journal of Bacteriology 119, 336–338.
   Google Scholar
• Peterson, W.H., Hendershot, W.F. and Hajny, G.J. (1958). Factors affecting production of glycerol and D-arabitol by representative yeasts of the genus Zygosaccharomyees. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 6, 349–357.
   Google Scholar
• Polaina, J., Wiggs, M., Lastick, S., Villet, R.H. and Grohmann, K. (1982). Recombinant DNA technology for ethanolic xylose fermentation. Abstracts of the Annual Meeting of the American Chemical Society 1982, CARB 29.
   Google Scholar
• Postma, P.W. and Roseman, S. (1976). The bacterial phosphoenolpyruvate: sugar phosphotransferase system. Biochimica et biophysica acta 457, 213–257.
   Google Scholar
• Poulsen, P.B. (1984). Current applications of immobilized enzymes for manufacturing purposes. In Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering Reviews (G.E. Russell, Ed.), volume 1. pp. 121–140. Intercept, Newcastle upon Tyne.
   Google Scholar
• Powell, J.F. and Hunter, J.R. (1956). Adenosine deaminase and ribosidase in spores in Bacillus cereus. Biochemical Journal 62, 381–387.
   Google Scholar
• Primrose, S.B. and Ronson, C.W. (1980). Polyol metabolism by Rhizobium trifolii. Journal of Bacteriology 141, 1109–1114.
   Google Scholar
• Prince, R. and Reichstein, T. (1937). Synthese des d-Xylonsäure. Helvetica chimica acta 20, 101–109.
   Google Scholar
• Rebers, P. A. and Heidelberger, M. (1959). The specific polysaccharide of type VI Pneumococcus, I. Preparation, properties and reactions. Journal of the American Chemical Society 81, 2415–2419.
   Google Scholar
• Rebers, P.A. and Heidelberger, M. (1961). The specific polysaccharide of type VI Pneumococcus. II. The repeating unit. Journal of the American Chemical Society 83, 3056–3059.
   Google Scholar
• Reichstein, T. (1934). 1-Adonose (l-Erythro-2-keto-pentose). Helvetica chimica acta 17, 996–1002.
   Google Scholar
• Roberts, W.K., Buchanan, J.G. and Baddiley, J. (1963). The specific substance from Pneumococcus type 34(41). The structure of a phosphorus-free repeating unit. Biochemical Journal 88, 1–7.
   Google Scholar
• Saier, M.H., Jr (1977). Bacterial phosphoenolpyruvate: sugar phosphotransferase systems: structural, functional, and evolutionary interrelationships. Microbiological Reviews 41, 856–871.
   Google Scholar
• Saito, N. and Sugiyama, S. (1964). Production of dihydroxyacetone and other ketoses by Brevibaeterium fuscum. Agricultural and Biological Chemistry 28, 48–55.
   Google Scholar
• Saito, N. and Sugiyama, S. (1966). D-Ribose formation by Pseudomonas reptilivora. Agricultural and Biological Chemistry 30, 841–846.
   Google Scholar
• Sakai, T., Watanabe, T. and Chibata, I. (1968). Metabolism of pyrimidine nucleotides in bacteria. Journal of Fermentation Technology 46, 202–233.
   Google Scholar
• Sakai, T., Watanabe, T. and Chibata, I. (1971). Metabolism of pyrimidine nucleotides in a microorganism. III. Enzymatic production of ribose 5-phosphate from uridine 5’-monophosphate by Pseudomonas oleovorans. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 22, 1085–1090.
   Google Scholar
• Sanchez, S. and Smiley, K.L. (1975). Properties of D-xylose isomerase from Streptomyces albus. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 29, 745–750.
   Google Scholar
• Sanderson, K.E. and Roth, J.R. (1983). Linkage map of Salmonella typhimurium, Edition VI. Microbiological Reviews 47, 410–453.
   Google Scholar
• Sano, K., Yokozeki, K. and Mitsugi, K. (1977a). Enzymatic production of 5-amino-4-imidazole-carboxamide from 5-amino-4-imidazole-carboxamide-riboside by Bacillus thiaminolyticus. Optimal conditions for the enzyme formation and the enzymatic reaction. Agricultural and Biological Chemistry 41, 2331–2334.
   Google Scholar
• Sano, K., Yokozeki, K. and Mitsugi, K. (1977b). Screening of micro-organisms producing 5-amino-4-imidazole-carboxamide and D-ribose from 5-amino-4-imidazole-carboxamide-riboside. Agricultural and Biological Chemistry 41, 2463–2464.
   Google Scholar
• Sasajima, K. (1976). D-Ribose. In Microbial Production of Nucleic Acid-Related Substances (K. Ogata, S. Kinoshita, T. Tsunoda and K. Aida. Eds), pp. 199–204. Kodansha Ltd., Tokyo and John Wiley & Sons, New York, London, Sydney, Toronto.
   Google Scholar
• Sasajima, K. and Kumada, T. (1979). Deficiency of D-glucose transport in transketo-lase mutant of Bacillus subtilis. Institute for Fermentation Research Communications 9, 17–26.
   Google Scholar
• Sasajima, K. and Kumada, T. (1981a). Change in the regulation of enzyme synthesis under catabolite repression in Bacillus subtilis pleiotropic mutant lacking transketolase. Agricultural and Biological Chemistry 45, 2005–2012.
   Google Scholar
• Sasajima, K. and Kumada, T. (3981b). Cell surface change of Bacillus subtilis pleiotropic mutant lacking transketolase. Institute for Fermentation Research Communications 10, 3–9.
   Google Scholar
• Sasajima, K. and Kumada, T. (1983a). Cell surface change of Bacillus subtilis mutant lacking transketolase: properties of various revertant strains. Institute for Fermentation Research Communications 11, 3–9.
   Google Scholar
• Sasajima, K. and Kumada, T. (1983b). Deficiency of flagellation in a Bacillus subtilis pleiotropic mutant lacking transketolase. Agricultural and Biological Chemistry 47, 1375–1376.
   Google Scholar
• Sasajima, K. and Sinskey, A.J. (1979). Oxidation of L-glucose by a pseudomonad. Biochimica et biophysica acta 571, 120–126.
   Google Scholar
• Sasajima, K. and Yoneda, M. (1971). Carbohydrate metabolism mutants of a Bacillus species. Part II. D-Ribose accumulation by pentose phosphate pathway mutants. Agricultural and Biological Chemistry 35, 509–517.
   Google Scholar
• Sasajima, K. and Yoneda, M. (1974). D-Sedoheptulose 7-phosphate: D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate glycolaldehyde transferase and D-ribulose 5-phosphate 3-epimerase mutants of a Bacillus species. Agricultural and Biological Chemistry 38, 1305–1310.
   Google Scholar
• Sasajima, K., Kumada, T. and Yokota, A. (1977). A pleiotropy in carbohydrate metabolism of Bacillus subtilis mutant lacking transketolase. Institute for Fermentation Research Communications 8, 69–77.
   Google Scholar
• Sasajima, K., Nogami, I. and Yoneda, M. (1970). Carbohydrate metabolism mutants of a Bacillus species. Part I. Isolation of mutants and their inosine formation. Agricultural and Biological Chemistry 34, 381–389.
   Google Scholar
• Scallet, B.L., Shieh, K., Ehrenthal. L and Slapshak. L. (1974). Studies in the isomerization of D-glucose. Die Starke 12, 405–408.
   Google Scholar
• Scangos, G.A. and Reiner, A.M. (1978). Ribitol and D-arabitol catabolism in Escherichia coli. Journal of Bacteriology 134, 492–500.
   Google Scholar
• Schlenk, F. and Smith, R.L. (1953). The mechanism of adenine thiomethylriboside formation. Journal of Biological Chemistry 204, 27–34.
   Google Scholar
• Shamanna, D.K. and Sanderson, K.E. (1979a). Uptake and catabolism of D-xylose in Salmonella typhimurium LT2. Journal of Bacteriology 139, 64–70.
   Google Scholar
• Shamanna, D.K. and Sanderson, K.E. (1979b). Genetics and regulation of D-xylose utilization in Salmonella typhimurium LT2. Journal of Bacteriology 139, 71–79.
   Google Scholar
• Shapiro, S.K. and Barrett, A. (1981). 5-Methylthioribose as a precursor of the carbon chain of methionine. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications 102, 302–307.
   Google Scholar
• Shapiro, S.K. and Schlenk, F. (1980). Conservation of 5’-methylthioadenosine into S-adenosylmethionine by yeast cells. Biochimica et biophysica acta 633, 176–180.
   Google Scholar
• Shimamura, M., Yoshitake, J. and Imai, T. (1971). Gluconate metabolism by a thiamine-requiring species of Corynebacterium. Part IV. Accumulation of D-ribulose. Agricultural and Biological Chemistry 35, 899–904.
   Google Scholar
• Shimamura, M., Yoshitake, J. and Imai, T. (1973). D-Ribulose production by a thiamine-requiring Corynebacterium species. Agricultural and Biological Chemistry 37, 2245–2249.
   Google Scholar
• Shinmyo, A., Epifanio, E.G., Panbangred, W. and Okada, H. (1983). Expression and regulation of xylanase and ß-xylosidase genes of Bacillus pumiltis in Escherichia coli and Bacillus subtilis. In Abstracts of the Annual Meeting of the Society of Fermentation Technology, Osaka. Japan, 7–9 November 1983 (H. Taguchi et al., Eds), p. 56. Society of Fermentation Technology. Osaka.
   Google Scholar
• Sidorczyk, Z., Zähringer, U. and Rietschel, E.T. (3983). Chemical structure of the lipid A component of the lipopolysaccharide from a Proteus mirabilis Re-mutant. European Journal of Biochemistry 137, 15–22.
   Google Scholar
• Simonart, P. and Godin, P. (1951). Production de pentoses, d’acide 2-ceto gluconique et d’acide glucuronique. Bulletin des Sociétés chimiqucs Beiges 60, 446–147.
   Google Scholar
• Simpson, F.J., Wolin, M.J. and Wood, W.A. (1958). Degradation of L-arabinose by Aerobacter aerogenes. Journal of Biological Chemistry 230, 457–472.
   Google Scholar
• Slechta, L. and Johnson, L.E. (1976). A new metabolite from Streptomyces hygroscopicus. I. Fermentation and isolation. Journal of Antibiotics XXIX. 685–687.
   Google Scholar
• Slein, M.W. (1955). Xylose isomerase from Pasteurella pestis. strain A-1122. Journal of the American Chemical Society 77, 1663–1667.
   Google Scholar
• Smit, J., Kamjo, Y. and Nikaido, H. (1975). Outer membrane of Salmonella typhimurium: chemical analysis and freeze-fracture studies with lipopolysaccharide mutants. Journal of Bacteriology 124, 942–958.
   Google Scholar
• Smith, F. (1939). The constitution of arable acid. Part I. The isolation of 3-d-galactosido-1-arabinose. Journal of the Chemical Society 1939, 744–753.
   Google Scholar
• Spencer, J.F.T. and Sallans, H.R. (1956). Production of polyhydric alcohols by osmophilic yeasts. Canadian Journal of Microbiology 2, 72–79.
   Google Scholar
• Spencer, J.F.T., Roxburgh, J.M. and Sallans, H.R. (1957). Factors influencing the production of polyhydric alcohols by osmophilic yeasts. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 5, 64–67.
   Google Scholar
• Stanier, R.Y., Palleroni, N.J. and Doudoroff, M. (1966). The aerobic pseudomonads: a taxonomic study. Journal of General Microbiology 43, 159–271.
   Google Scholar
• Strandberg, G.W. and Smiley, K.L. (1971). Free and immobilized glucose isomerase from Streptomyces phaeochromogenes. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 21, 588–593.
   Google Scholar
• Suzuki, T. and Hochster, R.M. (1965). On the extracellular accumulation and isolation of D-ribulose in cultures of Agrobacterium tumefaclens. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications 19, 637–642.
   Google Scholar
• Suzuki, T. and Onishi, H. (1967). The production of xylitol and D-xylonic acid by yeast. Agricultural and Biological Chemistry 31, 1233–1236.
   Google Scholar
• Suzuki, T. and Onishi, H. (1973). Oxidation and reduction of D-xylose by cell-free extract of Pichia quercuum. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 25, 850–852.
   Google Scholar
• Suzuki, T., Tanaka, N., Tomita, F., Mizuhara, K. and Kinoshita, S. (1963). Bacterial accumulation of ribose and ribose 5-phosphate. Journal of Applied and General Microbiology 9, 457–458.
   Google Scholar
• Tabuchi, T. and Hara, S. (1973). Conversion of citrate fermentation to polyol fermentation in Candida lipolytica. Journal of the Agricultural and Chemical Society of Japan 47, 485–490.
   Google Scholar
• Takagi, Y. and Horecker, B.L. (1957). Purification and properties of a bacterial riboside hydrolase. Journal of Biological Chemistry 225, 77–78.
   Google Scholar
• Takahashi, M. and Kutsumi, S. (1979). Purification and properties of xylanase from Gliocladium virens. Journal of Fermentation Technology 57, 434–439.
   Google Scholar
• Takasaki, Y. (1966). Studies on sugar-isomerizing enzyme. Production and utilization of glucose isomerase from Streptomyces sp. Agricultural and Biological Chemistry 30. 1247–1253.
   Google Scholar
• Takasaki, Y. and Tanabe, O. (1962a). Studies on the isomerization of sugar by bacteria. Part I. Identification and cultural conditions of glucose isomerizing bacteria. Journal of the Agricultural and Chemical Society of Japan 36, 1010–1013.
   Google Scholar
• Takasaki, Y. and Tanabe, O. (1962b). Studies on the isomerization of sugar by bacteria. Part II. Enzymatic properties of glucose isomerase. Journal of the Agricultural and Chemical Society of Japan 36, 1013–1016.
   Google Scholar
• Takasaki, Y., Kosugi, Y. and Kanbayashi, A. (1969). Studies on sugar-isomerizing enzyme, Purification, crystallization and some properties of glucose isomerase from Streptomyces sp. Agricultural and Biological Chemistry 33, 1527–1534.
   Google Scholar
• Takasaki, S. and Tsujisaka, Y. (1975). On the modes of action of three xylanases produced bv a strain of Aspergillus niger van Tieghem. Agricultural and Biological Chemistry 39, 2315–2323.
   Google Scholar
• Terada, M., Tatibana, M. and Hayaishi, O. (1967). Purification and properties of nucleoside hydrolase from Pseudomonas fluorescens. Journal of Biological Chemistry 242, 5578–5585.
   Google Scholar
• Tharanathan, R.N., Weckesser, J. and Mayer, H. (1977). Structural studies on the D-arabinose-containing lipid A of Rhodospirillun tenue. Hoppe-Seyler’s Zeitschrift für Physiologische Chemie 358, 314.
   Google Scholar
• Tharanathan, R.N., Weckesser, J. and Mayer, H. (1978). Structural studies on the D-arabinose-containing lipid A from Rhodospirillum tenue 2761. European Journal of Biochemistry 84, 385–394.
   Google Scholar
• Thérisod, M., Fischer, J.-C. and Estramareix, B. (1981). The origin of the carbon chain in the thiazole moiety of thiamine in Escherichia coli: incorporation of deuterated l-deoxy-D-threo-2-pentulose. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications 98, 374–379.
   Google Scholar
• Tomoyeda, M. and Horitsu, H. (1964). Pentose metabolism by Candida utilis Part I. Xylose isomerase. Agricultural and Biological Chemistry 28, 139–143.
   Google Scholar
• Touster, O. and Shaw, D.R.D. (1962). Biochemistry of the acyclic polyols. Physiological Reviews 42, 181–225.
   Google Scholar
• Tsumura, N. and Sato, T. (1960). Conversion of D-glucose to D-fructose by a strain of soil bacteria. Agricultural and Biological Chemistry 24, 326–327.
   Google Scholar
• Tsumura, N. and Sato, T. (1961a). Enzymatic conversion of D-glucose to D-fructose. Part I. Identification of active bacterial strain and confirmation of D-fructose formation. Agricultural and Biological Chemistry 25, 616–619.
   Google Scholar
• Tsumura, N. and Sato, T. (1961b). Enzymatic conversion of D-glucose to D-fructose. Part II. Some properties concerning fructose accumulation activity of Aerobacter cloacae, strain KN-69. Agricultural and Biological Chemistry 25, 620–625.
   Google Scholar
• Tsumura, N. and Sato, T. (1965a). Enzymatic conversion of D-glucose to D-fructose, Part V. Partial purification and properties of the enzyme from Aerobacter cloacae. Agricultural and Biological Chemistry 29, 1123–1128.
   Google Scholar
• Tsumura, N. and Sato, T. (1965b). Enzymatic conversion of D-glucose to D-fructose. Part VI. Properties of the enzyme from Streptomyces phaeochromogenes. Agricultural and Biological Chemistry 29, 1129–1134.
   Google Scholar
• Uchida, K. and Suzuki, Y. (1975). Production of D-galactonic acid. 2-keto-D-galactonic acid, L-arabonic acid, and D-xylonic acid by Erwinia milletiae. Journal of the Agricultural and Chemical Society of Japan 49, 257–262.
   Google Scholar
• Uchino, F. and Nakane, T. (1981). A thermostable xylanase from a thermophilic acidophilic Bacillus sp. Agricultural and Biological Chemistry 45, 1121–1127.
   Google Scholar
• Uehara, K. and Takeda, M. (1962). L-Xylose dehydrogenase in baker’s yeast. Journal of Biochemistry 52, 461–463.
   Google Scholar
• van Alphen, W., Lugtenkerg, B. and Berendsen, W. (1976). Heptose-deficient mutants of Escherichia coli K12 deficient in up to three major outer membrane proteins. Molecular and General Genetics 147, 263–269.
   Google Scholar
• Volk, W.A., Galanos, C. and Luderitz, O. (1970). Isolation of 4-amino-4-deoxy-L-arabinose from S and R form bacterial lipopolysaccharides. FEBS Letters 8, 161–363.
   Google Scholar
• Waller.C.W., Eryth, P.W., Hutchings. B.L. and Williams, J.H. (1953). Achromycin. The structure of the antibiotic puromycin. I. Journal ofthe American Chemical Society 75, 2025.
   Google Scholar
• Wang, P.Y., Johnson, B.F. and Schneider, H, (1980). Fermentation of D-xylose by yeasts using glucose isomerase in the medium to convert D-xylose to D-xylulose. Biotechnology Letters 2, 273–278.
   Google Scholar
• Wang, P.Y., Shopsis, C. and Schneider, H. (1980). Fermentation of a pentose by yeasts. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications 94, 248–254.
   Google Scholar
• Ward, J.B. (1981). Teichoic and teichuronic acids: biosynthesis, assembly, and location. Microbiological Reviews 45, 211–243.
   Google Scholar
• Warren, S.C. (1968). Sporulation in Bacillus subtilis. Biochemical changes. Biochemical Journal 109, 811–818.
   Google Scholar
• Watson, J.D. and Crick, F.H.C. (1953). Molecular structure of nucleic acids. A structure for deoxyribose nucleic acid. Nature 171, 737–738.
   Google Scholar
• Weckesser. J., Rosenfelder. G., Mayer, H. And Lüderitz, O. (1971). The identification of 3-O-methyl-D-xylose and 3-O-methyl-L-xylose as constituents of the lipopolysaccharides of Myxococcus fulvus and Rhodopseudomonas viridis. respectively. European Journal of Biochemistry 24, 112–115.
   Google Scholar
• Weckesser, J., Drews, G., Roppel, J., Mayer, H. and Fromme, I. (1974). The lipopolysaccharides (O-antigens) of Rhodopseudomonas viridis. Archives of Microbiology 101, 233–245.
   Google Scholar
• Weckesser, J., Drews, G., Indira, R. and Mayer, H. (1977). Lipophilic O-antigens in Rhodospirillum tenue. Journal of Bacteriology 130, 629–634.
   Google Scholar
• Weimberg, R. (1961). Pentose oxidation by Pseudomonas fragi. Journal of Biological Chemistry 236, 629–635.
   Google Scholar
• Weimberg, R. and Doudoroff, M. (1955). The oxidation of L-arabinose by Pseudomonas saccharophila. Journal of Biological Chemistry 217, 607–624.
   Google Scholar
• Wessely, F. and Wang, S. (1938). Über ein Vorkommen von Adonit. Monafshefte für Chemie 72, 168.
   Google Scholar
• Wilkinson, S.G. (1981). Isolation of D-threo-pent-2-ulose from the lipopolysaccharide of Pseudomonas diminuta N.C.T.C. 8545. Carbohydrate Research 98, 247–252.
   Google Scholar
• Wilkinson, S.G., Galbraith, L. and Anderson, W.J. (1983). Lipopoiysaccharides from Pseudomonas maltophilia: composition of the lipopolysaccharide and structure of the side-chain polysaccharide from strain N.C.I.B. 9204. Carbohydrate Research 112, 241–252.
   Google Scholar
• Williams, A.G. and Withers, S.E. (1983). Bacillus spp. in the rumen ecosystem. Hemicellulose depolymerases and glycoside hydrolases of Bacillus spp. and rumen isolates grown under anaerobic conditions. Journal of Applied Bacteriology 55, 283–292.
   Google Scholar
• Wood, W.A., McDonouch, M.J. and Jacobs, L.B. (1961). Ribitol and D-arabitol utilization by Aerobacter aerogenes. Journal of Biological Chemistry 236, 2190–2195.
   Google Scholar
• Wovcha, M.G., Steuerwald, D.L. and Brooks, K.E. (1983). Amplification of D-xylose and D-glucose isomerase activities in Escherichia coli by gene cloning. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 45, 1402–1404.
   Google Scholar
• Yamanaka, K. (1958). Studies on the pyruvate and carbohydrate metabolisms by lactic acid bacteria. Part IX. Formation of ketopentoses by lactic acid bacteria. Agricultural and Biological Chemistry 22, 299–308.
   Google Scholar
• Yamanaka, K. (1962). Studies on the pentose isomerases from lactic acid bacteria. Part VIII. Separation of D-xylose and L-arabinose isomerases. Agricultural and Biological Chemistry 26, 175–179.
   Google Scholar
• Yamanaka, K. (1963a). Sugar isomerases. Part I. Production of D-glucose isomerase from heterolactic acid bacteria. Agricultural and Biological Chemistry 27, 265–270.
   Google Scholar
• Yamanaka, K. (1963b). Sugar isomerases. Part II. Purification and properties of D-glucose isomerase from Lactobacillus brevis. Agricultural and Biological Chemistry 21, 271–278.
   Google Scholar
• Yamanaka, K. and Takahara, N. (1977). Purification and properties of D-xylose isomerase from Lacobacillus xylosus. Agricultural and Biological Chemistry 41, 1909–1915.
   Google Scholar
• Yamanaka, K., Gino, M. and Kaneda, R. (1977). A specific NAD-D-xylose dehydrogenase from Arthrobacter sp. Agricultural and Biological Chemistry 41, 1493–1499.
   Google Scholar
• Yamanaka, K., Kaneda, R. and Sakaj, S. (1977). Production of a new specific D-xylose dehydrogenase by Arthrobacter sp. No. 588 isolated from soil. Journal of the Agricultural and Chemical Society of Japan 51, 87–93.
   Google Scholar
• Yokota, A. and Sasajima, K. (1981). Derepressed syntheses of sporulation marker enzymes in a Bacillus species mutant. Agricultural and Biological Chemistry 45, 2417–2423.
   Google Scholar
• Yokota, A. and Sasajima, K. (1983). Enzymatic formation of a new monosaccharide. l-deoxy-D-altro-heptulose phosphate, from DL-acetoin and D-ribose 5-phosphate by a transketolase mutant of Bacillus pumilus. Agricultural and Biological Chemistry 47, 1545–1553.
   Google Scholar
• Yokota, A. and Sasajima, K. (1984). Formation of l-deoxy-D-threo-pentulose and l-deoxy-L-threo-pentulose by cell-free extracts of microorganisms. Agricultural and Biological Chemistry 48, 149–158.
   Google Scholar
• Yokota, A., Sasajima, K. and Horil, S. (1978). Accumulation of a new monosaccharide. l-deoxy-D-altro-heptulose (1-deoxy-sedoheptulose) by transketolase mutants of Bacillus pumilus. Agricultural and Biological Chemistry 42, 2245–2252.
   Google Scholar
• Yokota, A., Sasajima, K. and Yoneda, M. (1979). Reactivation of inactivated D-glucose dehydrogenase of a Bacillus species by pyridine and adenine nucleotides. Agricultural and Biological Chemistry 43, 271–278.
   Google Scholar
• Yoshihara, O. and Kaji, A. (1983). An endo-1.5-a-L-arabinase. which can disintegrate potato tissue. Agricultural and Biological Chemistry 47, 1935–1940.
   Google Scholar
• Yoshimura, S., Danno, G. and Natake, M. (1966). Studies on D-glucose isomerizing activity of D-xylose grown cells from Bacillus coagulans, strain HN-68. Part I. Description of the strain and conditions for formation of the activity. Agricultural and Biological Chemistry 30, 1015–1023.
   Google Scholar
• Yoshitake, J., Shimamura, H. and Imai, T. (1973). Xylitol production by a Corynebacterium species. Agricultural and Biological Chemistry 37, 2251–2259.
   Google Scholar
• Yoshitake, J., Shimamura, M. and Imai, T. (1976). L-Arabitol and ribitol production by a Corynebacterium species. Agricultural and Biological Chemistry 40, 1485–1491.
   Google Scholar
• Yoshitake, J., Ohiwa, H., Shimamura, M. and Imai, T. (1971). Production of polyalcohol by a Corynebacterium sp. Part I. Production of pentitols from aldopentoses. Agricultural and Biological Chemistry 35, 905–911.
   Google Scholar
• Yoshitake, J., Ishizaki, H.,Shimamura, M. and Imai.T. (1973). Xylitol production by an Enterobacter species. Agricultural and Biological Chemistry 37, 2261–2267.
   Google Scholar
• Yoshitake, J., Shimamura, M., Ishizaki, H. and Irie, Y. (1976). Xylitol production by Enterobacter liquefaciens. Agricultural and Biological Chemistry 40, 1493–1503.
   Google Scholar
• Yung, K.H., Yang, S.F. and Schlenk. F. (1982). Methionine synthesis from 5-methylthioribose in apple tissue. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications 104, 771–777.
   Google Scholar