603
Views
7
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original Articles

Genetic Manipulation of Starch Biosynthesis: Progress and Potential

&
Pages 177-202 | Published online: 15 Apr 2013

References

  • Anderson , J.M. , Hnilo , J. , Larson , R. , Okita , T. W. , Morell , M. and Preiss , J. 1989 . The encoded primary sequence of a rice seed ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase subunit and its homology to the bacterial enzyme . Journal of Biological Chemistry , 264 : 12238 – 12242 .
  • Ayres , N.M. , McClung , A.M. , Larkin , P.D. , Bligh , H.F.J. , Jones , C.A. and Park , W.D. 1997 . Microsatellites and a single-nucleotide polymorphism differentiate apparent amylose classes in an extended pedigree of US rice germ plasm . Theoretical and Applied Genetics , 94 : 773 – 781 .
  • Baba , T. , Nishihara , M. , Mizuno , K. , Kawasaki , T. , Shimada , H. , Kobayashi , E. , Ohnishi , S. , Tanaka , K. and Aras , Y. 1993 . Identification, cDNA cloning, and gene-expression of soluble starch synthase in rice (Oryza-sativa L) immature seeds . Plant Physiology , 103 : 565 – 573 .
  • Ball , S. , Guan , H.P. , James , M. , Myers , A. , Keeling , P. , Mouille , G. , Buléon , A. , Colonna , P. and Preiss , L. 1996 . From glycogen to amylopectin - A model for the biogenesis of the plant starch granule . Cell , 86 : 349 – 352 .
  • Ball , S. , Marianne , T. , Dirick , L. , Fresnoy , M. , Delrue , B. and Decq , A. 1991 . A Chlamydomonas-reinhardtii low-starch mutant is defective for 3-phosphoglycerate activation and orthophosphate inhibition of ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase . Planta , 185 : 17 – 26 .
  • Bhattacharyya, M.K., Smith, A.M., Ellis, T.H.N., Hedley, C., and Martin, c. (1990). The wrinkled-seed character of pea described by Mendel is caused by a transposon-like insertion in a gene encoding starch-branching enzyme. Cell 60, 115–122
  • Bhave , M.R. , Lawrence , S. , Barton , C. and Hannah , L.C. 1990 . Identification and molecular characterization of shrunken-2 cDNA clones of maize . Plant Cell , 2 : 581 – 588 .
  • Bligh , H.F.J. , Till , R.I. and Jones , C.A. 1995 . A microsatellite sequence closely linked to the Waxy gene of Oryza-sativa . Euphytica , 86 : 83 – 85 .
  • Boyer , C.D. , Shannon , J.C. and Garwood , D.L. 1976 . The interaction of the amylose-extender and waxy mutants of maize (Zea mays L.). Fine structure of amylose-extender waxy starch . Starch/Starke , 28 : 405 – 410 .
  • Buléon , A. , Gallant , D.J. , Bouchet , B. , Mouille , C. , Dhulst , C. , Kossmann , J. and Ball , S. 1997 . Starches from A to C-Chlamydomonas reinhardtii as a model microbial system to investigate the biosynthesis of the plant amylopectin crystal . Plant Physiology , 115 : 949 – 957 .
  • Burton , R.A. , Bewley , J.D. , Smith , A.M. , Bhattacharyya , M.K. , Tatge , H. , Ring , S. , Bull , V. , Hamilton , W.D.O. and Martin , C. 1995 . Starch branching enzymes belonging to distinct enzyme families are differentially expressed during pea embryo development . Plant Journal , 7 : 3 – 15 .
  • Campbell , M.R. and Glover , D.V. 1996 . Interaction of two sugary-l alleles (sul and sul(st)) with sagary-2 (su2) on characteristics of maize starch . Starch-Starke , 48 : 391 – 395 .
  • Campbell , M.R. , Li , J. , Berke , T.G. and Glover , D.V. 1996 . Variation of starch granule size in tropical maize germ plasm . Cereal Chemistry , 73 : 536 – 538 .
  • Cattanéo , J. , Damotte , M. , Sigal , N. , Sanchez-Medina , F. and Puig , J. 1969 . Genetic studies of Escherichia coli K12 mutants with alterations in glycogenesis and properties of an altered adenosine diphosphate glucose pyrophosphorylase . Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications , 34 : 694 – 701 .
  • Champagne , E.T. 1996 . Rice starch composition and characteristics . Cereal Foods World , 41 : 833 – 838 .
  • Clark , J.R. , Robertson , M. and Ainsworth , C.C. 1991 . Nucleotide-sequence of a wheat (Triticum-aestivum L) cDNA clone encoding the waxy protein . Plant Molecular Biology , 16 : 1099 – 1101 .
  • Croy , R.R.D. 1993 . Plant Molecular Biology Labfax , Oxford, UK : Blackwell Scientific Publications .
  • Damotte , M. , Cattanéo , J. , Sigal , N. and Puig , J. 1968 . Mutants of Escherichia coli K12 altered in their ability to store glycogen . Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications , 32 : 916 – 920 .
  • Daniel , J.R. and Whistler , R.L. 1990 . Fatty sensory qualities of polysaccharides . Cereal Foods World , 35 : 825
  • Delrue , B. , Fontaine , T. , Routier , F. , Decq , A. , Wieruszeskj , J.M. , Vandenkoornhuyse , N. , Maddelein , M.L. , Fournet , B. and Ball , S. 1992 . Waxy Chlamydomonas-reinhardtii - Monocellular algal mutants defective in amylose biosynthesis and granule-bound starch synthase activity accumulate a structurally modified amylopectin . Journal of Bacteriology , 174 : 3612 – 3620 .
  • Denyer , K. , Barber , L.M. , Burton , R. , Hedley , C.L. , Hylton , C. M. , Johnson , S. , Jones , D.A. , Marshall , J. , Smith , A.M. , Tatge , H. , Tomlinson , K. and Wang , T.L. 1995 . The isolation and characterization of novel low-amylose mutants of Pisum-sativum L . Plant Cell and Environment , 18 : 1019 – 1026 .
  • Dhugga , K.S. , Tiwari , S.C. and Ray , P.M. 1997 . A reversibly glycosylated polypeptide (RGPI) possibly involved in plant cell wall synthesis: Purification, genecloning, and trans-Golgi localization . Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America , 94 : 7679 – 7684 .
  • Dry , I. , Smith , A. , Edwards , A. , Bhattacharyya , M. , Dunn , P. and Martin , C. 1992 . Characterization of cDNAs encoding 2 isoforms of granule-bound starch synthase which show differential expression in developing storage organs of pea and potato . Plant Journal , 2 : 193 – 202 .
  • Fisher , D.K. , Boyer , C.D. and Hannah , L.C. 1993 . Starch branching enzyme-II from maize endosperm . Plant Physiology , 102 : 1045 – 1046 .
  • Fisher , D.K. , Gao , M. , Kim , K.N. , Boyer , C.D. and Guiltinan , M.J. 1996 . Allelic analysis of the maize amylose-extender locus suggests that independent genes encode starch-branching enzymes IIa and IIb . Plant Physiology , 110 : 611 – 619 .
  • Fisher , D.K. , Kim , K.N. , Gao , M. , Boyer , C.D. and Guiltinan , M.J. 1995 . A cDNA-encoding starch branching enzyme-I from maize endosperm . Plant Physiology , 108 : 1313 – 1314 .
  • Flipse , E. , Keetels , C. , Jacobsen , E. and Visser , R.G.F. 1996a . The dosage effect of the wildtype GBSS allele is linear for GBSS activity but not for amylose content - Absence of amylose has a distinct influence on the physicochemical properties of starch . Theoretical and Applied Genetics , 92 : 121 – 127 .
  • Flipse , E. , Schippers , M.G.M. , Janssen , E.M. , Jacobsen , E. and Visser , R.G.F. 1996b . Expression of wild-type GBSS transgenes in the off-spring of partially and fully complemented amylose-free transformants of potato . Molecular Breeding , 2 : 211 – 218 .
  • Flipse , E. , Straatmanengelen , I. , Kuipers , A.G.J. , Jacobsen , E. and Visser , R.G.F. 1996c . GBSS T-DNA inserts giving partial complementation of the amylose-free potato mutant can also cause co-suppression of the endogenous GBSS gene in a wild-type background . Plant Molecular Biology , 31 : 731 – 739 .
  • Flipse , E. , Suurs , L. , Keetels , C. , Kossmann , J. , Jacobsen , E. and Visser , R.G.F. 1996d . Introduction of sense and antisense cDNA for branching enzyme in the amylose-free potato mutant leads to physicochemical changes in the starch . Planta , 198 : 340 – 347 .
  • Fontaine , T. , Dhulst , C. , Maddelein , M.L. , Routier , F. , Pepin , T.M. , Decq , A. , Wieruszeski , J.M. , Delrue , B. , Vandenkoornhuyse , N. , Bossu , J.P. , Fournet , B. and Ball , S. 1993 . Toward an understanding of the biogenesis of the starch granule -Evidence that Chlamydomonas soluble starch synthase-II controls the synthesis of intermediate size glucans of amylopectin . Journal of Biological Chemistry , 268 : 16223 – 16230 .
  • Futterer , J. and Hohn , T. 1996 . Translation in plants - Rules and exceptions . Plant Molecular Biology , 32 : 159 – 189 .
  • Fuwa , H. , Glover , D.V. , Miyaura , k. , Inouchi , N. , konishi , Y. and Sugimoto , Y. 1987 . Chain-length distribution of amylopectins of double-mutants and triple-mutants containing the Waxy gene in the inbred Oh43 maize background . Starch-Starke , 39 : 295 – 298 .
  • Gallant , D.J. , Bouchet , B. and Baldwin , P.M. 1997 . Microscopy of starch: Evidence of a new level of granule organization . Carbohydrate Polymers , 32 : 177 – 191 .
  • Gallant , D.J. , Mercier , C. and Guilbot , A. 1972 . Electron microscopy of starch granules modified by bacterial cc-amylase . Cereal Chemistry , 49 : 354 – 365 .
  • Giroux , M. , Smithwhite , B. , Gilmore , V. , Hannah , L.C. and Preiss , J. 1995 . The large subunit of the embryo isoform of ADP glucose pyrophosphorylase from maize . Plant Physiology , 108 : 1333 – 1334 .
  • Giroux , M.J. and Hannah , L.C. 1994 . ADP-Glucose Pyrophosphorylase in shrunken-2 and brittle-2 mutants of maize . Molecular & General Genetics , 243 : 400 – 408 .
  • Giroux , M.J. , Shaw , J. , Barry , G. , Cobb , B.G. , Greene , T. , Okita , T. and Hannah , L.C. 1996 . A single-gene mutation that increases maize seed weight . Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America , 93 : 5824 – 5829 .
  • Graybosch, R.A., Peterson, C.J. and Hansen, L.E. (1997). Occurence and expression of granule bound starch synthase mutants in hard winter wheat. Starch, Structure and Functionality. P. J. Frazier, A. M. Donald and P. Richmond. pp 214–221. Cambridge, UK: Royal Society of Chemistry
  • Greene , T.W. , Chantler , S.E. , Kahn , M.L. , Barry , G.F. , Preiss , J. and Okita , T.W. 1996 . Mutagenesis of the potato ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase and characterization of an allosteric mutant defective in 3-phosphoglycerate activation . Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America , 93 : 1509 – 1513 .
  • Greene , T.W. , Woodbury , R.L. and Okita , T.W. 1996 . Aspartic-acid-413 is important for the normal allosteric functioning of ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase . Plant Physiology , 112 : 1315 – 1320 .
  • Guan , H.P. , Baba , T. and Preiss , J. 1994a . Expression of branching enzyme I of maize endosperm in Escherichia colt . Plant Physiology , 104 : 1449 – 1453 .
  • Guan , H.P. , Baba , T. and Preiss , J. 1994b . Expression of branching enzyme-II of maize endosperm in Escherichia-coli . Cellular and Molecular Biology , 40 : 983 – 988 .
  • Guan , H.P. , Kuriki , T. , Sivak , M. and Preiss , J. 1995 . Maize branching enzyme catalyzes synthesis of glycogen-like polysaccharide in glgB-deficient Escherichia-coli . Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America , 92 : 964 – 967 .
  • Guan , H.P. , Li , P. , ImparlRadosevich , J. , Preiss , J. and Keeling , P. 1997 . Comparing the properties of Escherichia coli branching enzyme and maize branching enzyme . Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics , 342 : 92 – 98 .
  • Harrington , S. , Bligh , H.F.J. , Park , W.D. , Jones , C.A. and McCouch , S.R. Linkage mapping of starch branching enzyme III in rice (Oryza sativa L) and prediction of location of orthologous genes in other grasses . Theoretical and Applied Genetics , 94 564 – 568 .
  • Hartings , H. , Maddaloni , M. , Lazzaroni , N. , Dlfonzo , N. , Motto , M. , Salamini , F. and Thompson , R. 1989 . The O2 gene which regulates zein deposition in maize endosperm encodes a protein with structural homologies to transcriptional activators . EMBO Journal , 8 : 2795 – 2801 .
  • Hayakawa , K. , Tanaka , K. , Nakamura , T. , Endo , S. and Hoshino , T. 1997 . Quality characteristics of waxy hexaploid wheat (Triticum aesiivum L.): Properties of starch gelatinization and retrogradation . Cereal Chemistry , 74 : 576 – 580 .
  • Hirano , H.Y. , Tabayashi , N. , Matsumura , T. , Tanida , M. , Komeda , Y. and Sano , Y. 1995 . Tissue-dependent expression of the rice Wx(+) gene promoter in transgenic rice and petunia . Plant and Cell Physiology , 36 : 37 – 44 .
  • Hizukuri , S. 1985 . Relationship between the distribution of the chain-length of amylopectin and the crystalline-structure of starch granules . Carbohydrate Research , 141 : 295 – 306 .
  • Hoshino , T. , Ito , S. , Hatta , K. , Nakamura , T. and Yamamori , M. 1996 . Development of waxy common wheat by haploid breeding . Breeding Science , 46 : 185 – 188 .
  • Hovenkamp-Hermelink , J.H.M. , Jacobsen , E. , Ponstein , A.S. , Visser , R.G.F. , Voss-Cheperkeuter , G.H. , Bijmolt , E.W. , Devries , J.N. , Witholt , B. and Feenstra , W.J. 1987 . Isolation of an amylose-free starch mutant of the potato (Solanum-tuberosurn-L) . Theoretical and Applied Genetics , 75 : 217 – 221 .
  • Iglesias , A.A. , Barry , G.F. , Meyer , C. , Bloksberg , L. , Nakata , P.A. , Greene , T. , Laughlin , M.J. , Okita , T.W. , Kishore , G.M. and Preiss , J. 1993 . Expression of the potato-tuber ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase in Escherichia-coli . Journal of Biological Chemistry , 268 : 1081 – 1086 .
  • Itoh , K. , Nakajima , M. and Shimamoto , K. 1997 . Silencing of waxy genes in rice containing Wx transgenes . Molecular & General Genetics , 255 : 351 – 358 .
  • James , M.G. , Robertson , D.S. and Myers , A.M. 1995 . Characterization of the maize gene sugaryl, a determinant of starch composition in kernels . Plant Cell , 7 : 417 – 429 .
  • Jane, J. (1997). Starch functionality in food processing. Starch, Structure and Functionality. P. J. Frazier A. M. Donald and P. Richmond. pp 26–35. Cambridge, UK: Royal Society of Chemistry
  • Jane , J.L. , Kasemsuwan , T. , Leas , S. , Zobel , H. and Robyt , J.F. 1994a . Anthology of starch granule morphology by scanning electron-microscopy . Starch-Starke , 46 : 121 – 129 .
  • Jane , J. , Lim , S. , Paetau , I. , Spence , K. and Wang , S. 1994b . Biodegradable plastics made from agricultural biopolymers . ACS Symposium Series , 575 : 92 – 100 .
  • Jane , J. , Shen , L. , Wang , L. and Maningat , C.C. 1992 . Preparation and properties of small-particle corn starch . Cereal Chemistry , 69 : 280 – 283 .
  • Jenkins , J.P.J. , Cameron , R.E. and Donald , A.M. 1993 . A universal feature in the structure of starch granules from different botanical sources . Starch-Starke , 45 : 417 – 420 .
  • Jenkins , P.J. and Donald , A.M. 1995 . The influence of amylose on starch granule structure . International Journal of Biological Macromolecules , 17 : 315 – 321 .
  • Kaushik , R.P. and Khush , G.S. 1991 . Genetic-analysis of endosperm mutants in rice Oryza-sativa L . Theoretical and Applied Genetics , 83 : 146 – 152 .
  • Kawasaki , T. , Mizuno , K. , Shimada , H. , Satoh , H. , Kishimoto , N. , Okumura , S. , Ichikawa , N. and Baba , T. 1996 . Coordinated regulation of the genes participating in starch biosynthesis by the rice floury-2 locus . Plant Physiology , 110 : 89 – 96 .
  • Keeling, P.L., Lomako, J., Gieowar-Singh, D., Singletary, G.W. and Whelan, W.J. (1994). Novel plants and processes for obtaining them. Patent No: WO 94/04693
  • Klösgen , R.B. , Gierl , A. , Schwarzsommer , Z. and Saedler , H. 1986 . Molecular analysis of the Waxy locus of Zea-mays . Molecular & General Genetics , 203 : 237 – 244 .
  • Klösgen , R.B. , Saedler , H. and Weil , J.H. 1989 . The amyloplast-targeting transit peptide of the waxy protein of maize also mediates protein-transport in vitro into chloroplasts . Molecular & General Genetics , 217 : 155 – 161 .
  • Kortstee , A.J. , Vermeesch , A.M.S. , Devries , B.J. , Jacobsen , E. and Visser , R.G.F. 1996 . Expression of Escherichia-coli branching enzyme in tubers of amylose-free transgenic potato leads to an increased branching degree of the amylopectin . Plant Journal , 10 : 83 – 90 .
  • Kuipers , A.G.J. , Jacobsen , E. and Visser , R.G.F. 1994 . Formation and deposition of amylose in the potato-tuber starch granule are affected by the reduction of granule-bound starch synthase gene-expression . Plant Cell , 6 : 43 – 52 .
  • Kuriki , T. , Guan , H.P. , Sivak , M. and Preiss , J. 1996 . Analysis of the active-center of branching-enzyme-II from maize endosperm . Journal of Protein Chemistry , 15 : 305 – 313 .
  • Kuriki , T. , Stewart , D.C. and Preiss , J. 1997 . Construction of chimeric enzymes out of maize endosperm branching enzymes I and II: Activity and properties . Journal of Biological Chemistry , 272 : 28999 – 29004 .
  • Larsson , C.T. , Hofvander , P. , Khoshnoodi , J. , Ek , B. , Rask , L. and Larsson , H. 1996 . 3 Isoforms of starch synthase and 2 isoforms of branching enzyme are present in potato-tuber starch . Plant Science , 117 : 9 – 16 .
  • Lee , Y.M. , Kumar , A. , Tanaka , T. and Preiss , J. 1987 . An Escherichia-coli ADP-glucose synthetase allosteric mutant enzyme - DNA sequencing of the structural gene and site-directed mutagenesis . Federation Proceedings , 46 : 2045
  • Leisy , D.J. , Hnilo , J. , Zhao , Y. and Okita , T.W. 1990 . Expression of a rice glutelin promoter in transgenic tobacco . Plant Molecular Biology , 14 : 41 – 50 .
  • Leung , P. , Lee , Y.M. , Greenberg , E. , Esch , K. , Boylan , S. and Preiss , J. 1986 . Cloning and expression of the Escherichia-coli glgC gene from a mutant containing an ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase with altered allosteric properties . Journal of Bacteriology , 167 : 82 – 88 .
  • Li , Y.Z. , Ma , H.M. , Zhang , J.L. , Wang , Z.Y. and Hong , M.M. 1995 . Effects of the first intron of rice Waxy gene on the expression of foreign genes in rice and tobacco protoplasts . Plant Science , 108 : 181 – 190 .
  • Lillford, P.J. and Morrison, A. (1997). Structure/function relationship of starches in food. Starch, Structure and Functionality P. J. Frazier, A.M. Donald and P. Richmond. pp 1–8. Cambridge, UK: Royal Society of Chemistry
  • Lim , S.T. , Jane , J.L. , Rajagopalan , S. and Seib , P.A. 1992 . Effect of starch granule size on physical-properties of starch-filled polyethylene film . Biotechnology Progress , 8 : 51 – 57 .
  • Lloyd , J.R. , Wang , T.L. and Hedley , C.L. 1996 . An analysis of seed development in Pisumsativum. 19. Effect of mutant alleles at ther-loci and rb-loci on starch grain-size and on the content and composition of starch in developing pea-seeds . Journal of Experimental Botany , 47 : 171 – 180 .
  • Maas , C. , Laufs , J. , Grant , S. , Korfhage , C. and Werr , W. 1991 . The combination of a novel stimulatory element in the 1 st exon of the maize shrunken-1 gene with the following intron-l enhances reporter gene-expression up to 1000-fold . Plant Molecular Biology , 16 : 199 – 207 .
  • Maddelein , M.L. , Libessart , N. , Bellanger , F. , Delrue , B. , Dhulst , C. , Vandenkoornhuyse , N. , Fontaine , T. , Wieruszeski , J.M. , Decq , A. and Ball , S. 1994 . Toward an understanding of the biogenesis of the starch granule-Determination of granule-bound and soluble starch synthase functions in amylopectin synthesis . Journal of Biological Chemistry , 269 : 25150 – 25157 .
  • Marshall , J. , Sidebottom , C. , Debet , M. , Martin , C. , Smith , A.M. and Edwards , A. 1996 . Identification Of the Major Starch Synthase In the Soluble Fraction Of Potato-Tubers . Plant Cell , 8 : 1121 – 1135 .
  • Mizuno , K. , Kawasaki , T. , Shimada , H. , Satoh , H. , Kobayashi , E. , Okumura , S. , Arai , Y. and Baba , T. 1993 . Alteration of the structural-properties of starch components by the lack of an isoform of starch branching enzyme in rice seeds . Journal of Biological Chemistly , 268 : 19084 – 19091 .
  • Mouille , G. , Maddelein , M.L. , Libessart , N. , Talaga , P. , Decq , A. , Delrue , B. and Ball , S. 1996 . Preamylopectin processing-a mandatory step for starch biosynthesis in plants . Plant Cell , 8 : 1353 – 1366 .
  • Müller-Röber , B. , Sönnewald , U. and Willmitzer , L. 1992 . Inhibition of the ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase in transgenic potatoes leads to sugar-storing tubers and influences tuber formation and expression of tuber storage protein genes . EMBO Journal , 11 : 1229 – 1238 .
  • Munyikwa , T.R.I. , Langeveld , S. , Salehuzzaman , S. , Jacobsen , E. and Visser , R.G.F. 1997 . Cassava starch biosynthesis: New avenues for modifying starch quantity and quality . Euphytica , 96 : 65 – 75 .
  • Nachtergaele , W. and Van-Nuffel , J. 1989 . Starch as stilt material in carbonless copy paper - New developments . Starch-Starke , 41 : 386 – 392 .
  • Nakamura , R. and Matsuda , T. 1996 . Rice allergenic protein and molecular-genetic approach for hypoallergenic rice . Bioscience Biotechnology and Biochemistry , 60 : 1215 – 1221 .
  • Nakamura , T. , Yamamori , M. , Hirano , H. , Hidaka , S. and Nagamine , T. 1995 . Production of Waxy (amylose-free) wheats . Molecular & General Genetics , 248 : 253 – 259 .
  • Nakamura , Y. 1996 . Some properties of starch debranching enzymes and their possible role in amylopectin biosynthesis . Plant Science , 121 : 1 – 18 .
  • Nakamura , Y. , Kubo , A. , Shimamune , T. , Matsuda , T. , Harada , K. and Satoh , H. 1997 . Correlation between activities of starch debranching enzyme and alpha-polyglucan structure in endosperms of sugary-I mutants of rice . Plant Journal , 12 : 143 – 153 .
  • Nakamura , Y. , Umemoto , T. , Ogata , N. , Kuboki , Y. , Yano , M. and Sasaki , T. 1996 . Starch debranching enzyme (r-enzyme or pullulanase) from developing rice endosperm -purification, cDNA and chromosomal localization of the gene . Planta , 199 : 209 – 218 .
  • Nakamura , Y. and Yamanouchi , H. 1992 . Nucleotide-sequence of a cDNA-encoding starch-branching enzyme, or Q-enzyme-I, from rice endosperm . Plant Physiology , 99 : 1265 – 1266 .
  • Nakase , M- , Adachi , T. , Urisu , A. , Miyashita , T. , Alvarez , A.M. , Nagasaka , S. , Aoki , N. , Nakamura , R. and Matsuda , T. 1996 . Rice (Oryza-sativa L) alpha-amylase inhibitors of 14–16 KDa are potential allergens and products of a multigene family . Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry , 44 : 2624 – 2628 .
  • Nakata , P.A. , Greene , T.W. , Anderson , J.M. , Smith-White , B.J. , Okita , T.W. and Preiss , J. 1991 . Comparison of the primary sequences of 2 potato-tuber ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase subunits . Plant Molecular Biology , 17 : 1089 – 1093 .
  • Nakata , P.A. and Okita , T.W. 1996 . Cis-elements important for the expression of the ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase small-subunit are located both upstream and downstream from its structural gene . Molecular & General Genetics , 250 : 581 – 592 .
  • Nelson , O. and Pan , D. 1995 . Starch synthesis in maize endosperms . Annual Review of Plant Physiology and Plant Molecular Biology , 46 : 475 – 496 .
  • Oakes , J.V. , Shewmaker , C.K. and Stalker , D.M. 1991 . Production Of Cyclodextrins, a Novel Carbohydrate, In the Tubers Of Transgenic Potato Plants . Bio-Technology , 9 : 982 – 986 .
  • Okagaki , R.J. and Wessler , S.R. 1988 . Comparison of non-mutant and mutant Waxy genes in rice and maize . Genetics , 120 : 1137 – 1143 .
  • Olive , M.R. , Ellis , R.J. and Schuch , W.W. 1989 . Isolation and nucleotide-sequences of cDNA clones encoding ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase polypeptides from wheat leaf and endosperm . Plant Molecular Biology , 12 : 525 – 538 .
  • Oliveira , A.B. , Rasmusson , D.C. and Fulcher , R.G. 1994 . Genetic-aspects of starch granule traits in barley . Crop Science , 34 : 1176 – 3180 .
  • Poulsen, L., Muhrbeck, P., Adler-Nissen, J. (1997). Potato starch: Degree of phosphorylation related to dynamic Theological characteristics. Starch, Structure and Functionality P. J. Frazier, A. M. Donald and P. Richmond, p 258. Cambridge, UK: Royal Society of Chemistry
  • Poulsen , P. and Kreiberg , J.D. 1993 . Starch Branching Enzyme cDNA From Solanum-tuberosum . Plant Physiology , 102 : 1053 – 1054 .
  • Robin , J.P. , Mercier , C. , Duprat , F. , Charbonniere , R. and Guibot , A. 1975 . Amidons Lintnerises . Starch/Starke , 27 : 36 – 45 .
  • Rohde , W. , Becker , D. and Salamini , F. 1988 . Structural-analysis of the Waxy locus from Hordeum-vulgare . Nucleic Acids Research , 16 : 7185 – 7186 .
  • Russell , D.A. and Fromm , M.E. 1997 . Tissue-specific expression in transgenic maize of four endosperm promoters from maize and rice . Transgenic Research , 6 : 157 – 168 .
  • Satozawa , T. , Akagi , H. , Sakamoto , M. , Baba , T. , Shimada , H. and Fujimura , T. 1995 . EMBL database Ace . No. D , : 50317
  • Sano , Y. 1984 . Differential regulation of Waxy gene-expression in rice endosperm . Theoretical and Applied Genetics , 68 : 467 – 473 .
  • Sano , Y. , Maekawa , M. and Kikuchi , H. 1985 . Temperature effects on the wx protein level and amylose content in the endosperm of rice . Journal of Heredity , 76 : 221 – 222 .
  • Shannon, J.C. and Garwood, D.L. (1984). Genetics and physiology of starch development. Starch: Chemistry and Technology. R. L. Whistler, J. N. BeMiller and E. F. Paschall. pp 25–86. Orlando, Florida: Academic Press
  • Shewmaker , C.K. , Boyer , C.D. , Wiesenborn , D.P. , Thompson , D.B. , Boersig , M.R. , Oakes , J.V. and Stalker , D.M. 1994 . Expression of Escherichia-coli glycogen-synthase in the tubers of transgenic potatoes (Solanum-tuberosum) results in a highly branched starch . Plant Physiology , 104 : 1159 – 1166 .
  • Shimada , H. , Tada , Y. , Kawasaki , T. and Fujimura , T. 1993 . Antisense regulation of the rice Waxy gene-expression using a PCR-amplified fragment of the rice genome reduces the amylose content in grain starch . Theoretical and Applied Genetics , 86 : 665 – 672 .
  • Shure , M. , Wessler , S. and Fedoroff , N. 1983 . Molecular-identification and isolation of the Waxy locus in maize . Cell , 35 : 225 – 233 .
  • Smith , A. 1988 . Biochemical basis of the differences between round and wrinkled pea-seeds . Heredity , 61 : 279
  • Smith-White , B.J. and Preiss , J. 1992 . Comparison of proteins of ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase from diverse sources . Journal of Molecular Evolution , 34 : 449 – 464 .
  • Stark , D.M. , Timmerman , K.P. , Barry , G.F. , Preiss , J. and Kishore , G.M. 1992 . Regulation of the amount of starch in plant-tissues by ADP glucose pyrophosphorylase . Science , 258 : 287 – 292 .
  • Sweetlove , L.J. , Burrell , M.M. and Aprees , T. 1996a . Characterization of transgenic potato (Solanum-tuberosum) tubers with increased ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase . Biochemical Journal , 320 : 487 – 492 .
  • Sweetlove , L.J. and Burrell , M.M. 1996b . Starch metabolism in tubers of transgenic potato (Solanum-tuberosum) with increased ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase . Biochemical Journal , 320 : 493 – 498 .
  • Tada , Y. , Nakase , M. , Adachi , T. , Nakamura , R. , Shimada , H. , Takahashi , M. , Fujimura , T. and Matsuda , T. 1996 . Reduction of 14–16 kda allergenic proteins in transgenic rice plants by antisense gene . Febs Letters , 391 : 341 – 345 .
  • Takaha , T. , Yanase , M. , Okada , S. and Smith , S.M. 1993 . Disproportionating enzyme (4-alpha-glucanotransferase - EC 2.4.1.25) of potato - purification, molecular-cloning, and potential role in starch metabolism . Journal of Biological Chemistry , 268 : 1391 – 1396 .
  • Taylor, P. (1997). Starch applications in surface coatings. Presented at Gateway to Renewable Industrial Feedstocks York, UK
  • van-Soest , J.J.G. and Essers , P. 1997 . Influence of amylose-amylopectin ratio on properties of extruded starch plastic sheets . Journal of Macromolecular Science-Pure and Applied Chemistry A , 34 : 1665 – 1689 .
  • Villand , P. , Aalen , R. , Olsen , O.A. , Luthi , E. , Lonneborg , A. and Kleczkowski , L.A. 1992 . PCR Amplification and sequences of cDNA clones for the small and large subunits of ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase from barley tissues . Plant Molecular Biology , 19 : 381 – 389 .
  • Visser , R.G.F. , Hergersberg , M. , Vanderleu , F.R. , Jacobsen , E. , Witholt , B. and Feenstra , W.J. 1989 . Molecular-cloning and partial characterization of the gene for granule-bound starch synthase from a wild-type and an amylose-free potato (Solanum-ruberosum-L) . Plant Science , 64 : 185 – 192 .
  • Visser , R.G.F. and Jacobsen , E. 1993 . Towards modifying plants for altered starch content and composition . Trends in Biotechnology , 11 : 63 – 68 .
  • Visser , R.G.F. , Somhorst , I. , Kuipers , G.J. , Ruys , N.J. , Feenstra , W.J. and Jacobsen , E. 1991 . Inhibition of the expression of the gene for granule-bound starch synthase in potato by antisense constructs . Molecular & General Genetics , 225 : 289 – 296 .
  • Wang, T.L., Barber, L., Craig, J., Denyer, K., Harrison, C., Lloyd, J.R., MacLeod, M., Smith, A., and Hedley, C.L. (1997). Manipulation of starch quality in peas. Starch, Structure and Functionality. P. J. Frazier, A. M. Donald and P. Richmond. pp 188–195. Cambridge: Royal Society of Chemistry
  • Wang , T.L. , Hadavizideh , A. , Harwood , A. , Welham , T.J. , Harwood , W.A. , Faulks , R. and Hedley , C.L. 1990 . An analysis of seed development in Pisum-sativum. 13. The chemical induction of storage product mutants . Plant Breeding-Zeitschrift Fur Pflanzenzuchtung , 105 : 311 – 320 .
  • Wang , Z.Y. , Wu , Z.L. , Xing , Y.Y. , Zheng , F.G. , Guo , X.L. , Zhang , W.G. and Hong , M.M. 1990 . Nuclcotide-sequence of rice Waxy gene . Nucleic Acids Research , 18 : 5898
  • Yasui , T. , Matsuki , J. , Sasaki , T. and Yamamori , M. 1996 . Amylose and lipid contents, amylopectin structure, and gelatinization properties of waxy wheat (Triticum-aestivum) starch . Journal of Cereal Science , 24 : 131 – 137 .
  • Yasui , T. , Sasaki , T. , Matsuki , J. and Yamamori , M. 1997 . Waxy endosperm mutants of bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L) and their starch properties . Breeding Science , 47 : 16 – 63 .

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.