Updated profile of aflatoxin and Aspergillus section Flavi contamination in rice and its byproducts from the Philippines

References

• Almeida , RMAD , Gambale , W , Correa , B , Paula , CR and Asevedo , IGD . 1991 . Mycoflora and aflatoxigenic species of Aspergillus spp. isolated from rice . Revista de Microbiologia , 22 : 161 – 163 .
   Google Scholar
• Association of Official Analytical Chemists (AOAC) 2000 Natural Toxins In: Official Methods of Analysis of the Association of Official Analytical Chemists. 16th edn. 2 Arlington VA AOAC, Inc. pp 1186–1187
   Google Scholar
• Balaraman , N and Gupta , HK . 1990 . Occurrence of aflatoxin in the livestock feeds of Sikkim India . Indian Journal of Animal Nutrition , 7 : 143 – 146 .
   Google Scholar
• Bandara , JM-RS , Vithanege , AK and Bean , GA . 1991 . Occurrence of aflatoxins in parboiled rice in Sri Lanka . Mycopathologia , 116 : 65 – 70 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bulatao-Jayme , J , Almero , EM , Castro , MAA , Jardeleza , MTR and Salamat , LA . 1982 . A case-control dietary study of primary liver cancer risk from aflatoxin exposure . International Journal of Epidemiology , 11 : 112 – 119 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cespedez , AE and Diaz , GJ . 1997 . Analysis of aflatoxins in poultry and pig feeds and feedstuffs used in Colombia . Journal of AOAC International , 80 : 1215 – 1219 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dyer , SK and McCammon , S . 1994 . Detection of toxigenic isolates of Aspergillus flavus and related species on coconut cream agar . Journal of Applied Bacteriology , 76 : 75 – 78 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• European Commission. 2001 . Regulation (EC) No. 466/2001 of 8 March 2001 setting maximum levels of certain contaminants in foodstuffs . Official Journal of the European Community , L077 : pp 1–13
   Google Scholar
• Gomez KA Gomez AA 1976 Analysis of variance. In: Statistical procedures for agricultural research with emphasis on rice Laguna Philippines The International Rice Research Institute pp 15–17
   Google Scholar
• Food and Nutrition Research Institute (FNRI) 1998 National Nutrition Survey Taguig Metro Manila Philippines FNRI
   Google Scholar
• Hesseltine CW Shotwell O Smith M Ellis JJ Vandegraft E Shannon G 1970 Production of various aflatoxins by strains of the Aspergillus flavus series In: Herzberg M, editor. Proceedings of the First US-Japan Conference on Toxic Microorganisms Washington DC US Government Printing Office pp 202–210
   Google Scholar
• Igarashi Y Ichinoe M 1999 Fungal colonization of rice grains in some Asian countries Proceedings of the International Symposium on Mycotoxicology p 59
   Google Scholar
• International Society for Infectious Diseases 2001 Aflatoxin contamination rice – China. Available at:, http://www.promedmail.org
   Google Scholar
• International Society for Infectious Diseases 2004 Aflatoxin poisoning – Kenya Available at:, http://www.promedmail.org
   Google Scholar
• Japan Ministry of Health, Welfare and Development 2002 Japanese Official Method for Analysis of Aflatoxins in Food Official Memorandum No. 0326001
   Google Scholar
• Jayaraman , P and Kalyanasundaram , I . 1990 . Natural occurrence of toxigenic fungi and mycotoxins in rice bran . Mycopathologia , 110 : 81 – 86 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jayaraman , P and Kalyanasundaram , I . 1994 . Changes in moisture content, mycoflora and aflatoxin content of rice bran during storage . Mycopathologia , 126 : 115 – 120 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Karki , TB , Bothast , RJ and Stubblefield , RD . 1979 . Note on microbiological and aflatoxin analyses of cereal grains from Tarai plain of Southern Nepal . Cereal Chemistry , 56 : 41 – 42 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kim , JG and Lee , YW . 1996 . Grain development and aflatoxin B1 accummulation in preharvest rice inoculated with Aspergillus parasiticus . Journal of Food Protection , 59 : 1318 – 1321 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kurata , H , Sakabe , F , Udagawa , S , Ichinoe , M , Suzuki , M and Takahashi , N . 1968 . A mycological examination for the presence of mycotoxin-producers on the 1954–1967's stored rice grains . Bulletin of the National Institute of Hygienic Science , 86 : 183 – 188 .
   Google Scholar
• Li , FQ , Yoshizawa , T , Kawamura , O , Luo , XY and Li , YW . 2001 . Aflatoxins and fumonisins in corn from the high-incidence area for human hepatocellular carcinoma in Guangxi, China . Journal of Agriculture and Food Chemistry , 49 : 4122 – 4126 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lipigrngoson , S , Ali , N and Yoshizawa , T . 2003 . Limited survey for aflatoxin contamination of polished rice imported into Japan . Mycotoxins , 53 : 95 – 101 .
   Google Scholar
• Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food 1993 Mycotoxins: Third Report. The 36th report of the steering group on Chemical Aspects of Food Surveillance sub-group on mycotoxins Food Surveillance Paper No. 36 London HMSO p 66
   Google Scholar
• Pacin , AM , Gonzalez , HHL , Etcheverry , M , Resnik , SL , Vivas , L and Espino , S . 2003 . Fungi associated with food and feed commodities from Ecuador . Mycopathologia , 156 : 87 – 92 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Park , DL and Njapau , H . 1989 . Contamination issues and padding . Journal of the American Oil Chemists Society , 66 : 1402 – 1405 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Patel , S , Hazel , CM , Winterton , AGM and Mortby , E . 1996 . Survey of ethnic foods for mycotoxins . Food Additives and Contaminants , 13 : 833 – 841 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pitt , JI , Hocking , AD and Glenn , DR . 1983 . An improved medium for the detection of Aspergillus flavus and A. parasiticus. . Journal of Applied Bacteriology , 54 : 109 – 114 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Qutet , SM , El Tabey Shehata , AM and Mesallam , AS . 2003 . Occurrence of aflatoxins in some Egyptian food crops collected from two coastal regions . Food Chemistry , 10 : 149 – 153 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Raper KB Fennell DI 1965 The Genus Aspergillus Baltimore Williams and Wilkins
   Google Scholar
• Rehana , F , Bassapa , SC and Sreenivasa Murthy , V . 1979 . Destruction of aflatoxins in rice by different cooking methods . Journal of Food Science and Technology , 16 : 1
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schroeder , HW , Boller , RA and Hein Jr , H . 1968 . Reduction in aflatoxin contamination of rice by milling procedures . Cereal Chemistry , 45 : 574 – 580 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Scudamore , KA , Hetmanski , MT , Chan , HK and Collins , S . 1997 . Occurrence of mycotoxins in raw ingredients used for animal feeding stuffs in the United Kingdom in 1992 . Food Additives and Contaminants , 14 : 157 – 173 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Scudamore , KA , Nawaz , S , Hetmanski , MT and Rainbird , SC . 1998 . Mycotoxins in ingredients of animal feeding stuffs: III. Determination of mycotoxins in rice bran . Food Additives and Contaminants , 15 : 185 – 194 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Shank , RC , Wogan , GN and Gibson , JB . 1971 . Dietary aflatoxins and human liver cancer. I. Toxigenic molds in foods and foodstuffs of tropical South-east Asia . Food and Cosmetic Toxicology , 10 : 51 – 60 .
   Google Scholar
• Sundaram , BM , Krishnamurthy , R and Subramanian , S . 1988 . Aflatoxin-producing fungi in stored paddy . Proceedings of the Indian Academy of Science – Plant Science , 98 : 291 – 298 .
   Google Scholar
• Sutikno , AI . 1990 . Screening of aflatoxins in duck feedstuffs in West Java, Indonesia . Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture , 50 : 456 – 466 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tabata , S , Kamimura , H , Ibe , A , Hashimoto , H , Iida , M , Tamura , Y and Nishima , T . 1993 . Aflatoxin contamination in foods and foodstuffs in Tokyo . Journal of AOAC International , 76 : 32 – 35 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Takahashi , H , Yazaki , H , Manabe , M , Matsuura , S and Kimura , S . 1989 . Distribution of aflatoxin, citrinin, and invading fungal mycelium in rice kernels inoculated with Aspergillus flavus and Penicillium citrinum . Cereal Chemistry , 66 : 337 – 341 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Takahashi , H , Yazaki , H , Nanayama , U , Manabe , M and Matsuura , S . 1984 . Distribution of sterigmatocystin and fungal mycelium in individual brown rice kernels naturally infected by Aspergillus versicolor . Transactions of the Mycological Society of Japan , 28 : 43 – 48 .
   Google Scholar
• Thirumala-Devi , K , Mayo , MA , Reddy , G and Reddy , DVR . 2002 . Occurrence of aflatoxins and ochratoxin A in Indian poultry feeds . Journal of Food Protection , 65 : 1338 – 1340 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• United States Food and Drug Administration 2001 Methods for determining toxin production in molds Bacteriological Analytical Manual www.cfsan.fda.gov pp 6–8
   Google Scholar
• World Health Organization 2003 GEMS/Food Regional Diets Regional per capita consumption of raw and semi-processed agricultural commodities Geneva Switzerland WHO
   Google Scholar
• Zhen-Zhen JIA 1989 A review of the study on fungi and mycotoxins in foodstuffs in Beijing during the last 10 years In: Natori S, Hashimoto K, Ueno Y, editors Mycotoxins and Phycotoxins Amsterdam Elsevier Science Publishers pp 135–143
   Google Scholar