References
- Eichholzer , M and Gutzwiller , F . 1998 . Dietary nitrates, nitrites, and N-nitroso compounds and cancer risk: A review of the epidemiological evidence . Nutrition Reviews , 56 : 95 – 105 .
- Eichholzer , M and Gutzwiller , F . 2003 . “ Dietary nitrates, nitrites, and N-nitroso compounds and cancer risk with special emphasis on the epidemiological evidence ” . In Food safety , Contaminants and toxins Edited by: D’Mello , JPF . 271 Edinburgh, , UK : CABI . editor
- EU Scientific Committee for Food . 1995 . Opinion on nitrate and nitrite . European Commission DG III . 1995 , Brussels. Expressed on 22 September 1995 , Annex 4 to document III/56/95, CS/CNTM/NO3/20-FINAL
- Hill , M . 1996 . Nitrates and nitrites in food and water , Cambridge : Woodhead . editor
- Ishiwata , H , Nishijima , M and Fukasawa , Y . 2003 . Estimation of inorganic food additive (nitrite, nitrate and sulfur dioxide), antioxidant (BHA and BHT), processing agent (propylene glycol) and sweetener (sodium saccharin) concentrations in foods and their daily intake based on official inspection results in Japan in fiscal year 1998 . Journal of the Food Hygienic Society of Japan , 44 : 132 – 143 .
- JECFA (Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives) . 1996 . Toxicological evaluation of certain food additives and contaminants in food . WHO Food Additives Series , 35 : 325 – 360 . Nitrate
- Jurtchenko , S , Tenno , T , Mölder , U and Reinik , M . 2002 . Determination of volatile N-nitrosamines by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry with positive-ion chemical ionization . Proceedings of the Estonian Academy of Sciences , 51 : 169 – 184 .
- Knekt , P , Jarvinen , R , Dich , J and Hakulinen , T . 1999 . Risk of colorectal and other gastro-intestinal cancers after exposure to nitrate, nitrite and N-nitroso compounds: A follow-up study . International Journal of Cancer , 80 : 852 – 856 .
- Lijnski , W . 1999 . N-nitroso compounds in the diet . Mutation Research , 443 : 129 – 138 .
- Mensinga , TT , Speijers , GJA and Meulenbelt , J . 2003 . Health implications of exposure to environmental nitrogenous compounds . Toxicological Reviews , 22 : 41 – 51 .
- Merino , L , Edberg , U , Fuchs , G and Åman , P . 2000 . Liquid chromatographic determination of residual nitrite/nitrate in foods: NMKL Collaborative Study . Journal of AOAC International , 83 : 365 – 375 .
- Murata , M , Kishida , N and Ishinaga , M . 2002 . Survey of the daily intake of nitrate and nitrite in school children by the duplicate portion method . Journal of the Food Hygienic Society of Japan , 43 : 57 – 61 .
- Murata , M and Ishinaga , M . 2001 . Daily intakes of nitrate and nitrite in middle-aged men by the duplicate portion method . Shokuhin Eiseigaku Zasshi , 42 : 215 – 219 .
- Pegg , RB and Shahidi , F . 2000 . “ Nitrite curing of meat ” . In The nitrosamine problem and nitrite alternatives , Trumbull, CT : Food & Nutrition Press .
- Penttilä , PL . 1995 . “ Estimation of food additive and pesticide intakes by means of a stepwise method ” . In Dissertation , University of Turku .
- Peters , JM , Preston-Martin , S , London , SJ , Bowman , JD , Buckley , JD and Thomas , DC . 1994 . Processed meats and risk of childhood leukemia . Cancer Causes and Control , 5 : 195 – 202 .
- Petersen , A and Stoltze , S . 1999 . Nitrate and nitrite in vegetables on the Danish market: Content and intake . Food Additives and Contaminants , 16 : 291 – 299 .
- Reinik , M , Ilmoja , K and Minjajev , M . 2001 . Estonian National Monitoring programme of food additives 2000 , 96 Tartu, , Estonia : Rebellis .
- Sanchez-Echaniz , J and Benito-Fernández , J . 2001 . Methemoglobinemia and consumption of vegetables in infants . Pediatrics , 107 : 1024 – 1028 .
- Sen , NP and Baddoo , PA . 1997 . Trends in the levels of residual nitrite in Canadian cured meat products over the past 25 years . Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry , 45 : 4714 – 4718 .
- Tricker , AR and Preussmann , R . 1991 . Carcinogenic N-nitrosamines in the diet: Occurrence, formation, mechanism and carcinogenic potential . Mutation Research , 259 : 277 – 289 .
- Vaessen , HAMG and Schorst , RC . 1999 . The oral nitrate and nitrite intake in The Netherlands: Evaluation of the results obtained by HPIC analysis of duplicate 24-hour diet samples collected in 1994 . Food Additives and Contaminants , 16 : 181 – 188 .
- Vermeer , IT , Pachen , DMFA , Dallinga , JW , Kleinjans , JCS and Van Maanen , JMS . 1998 . Volatile N-nitrosoamine formation after intake of nitrate at the ADI level in combination with an amine-rich diet . Environmental Health Perspectives , 106 : 459 – 463 .
- Walker , R . 1990 . Nitrates, nitrites and N-nitrosoamines a review of the occurrence in food and diet and toxicological and implications . Food Additives and Contaminants , 7 : 717 – 768 .
- Wawrzyniak , A , Gronowska-Seneger , A and Gorecka , K . 1999 . The evaluation of nitrates and nitrites food intake among Polish households in 1991–1995 . Roczniki Panstwowego Zakladu Higieny , 50 : 269 – 287 .
- Wawrzyniak , A , Hamulka , J and Skibinska , E . 2003 . The evaluation of nitrate, nitrite and antioxidant vitamin intake in daily food ration of children aged 1–6 year of age . Roczniki Panstwowego Zakladu Higieny , 54 : 65 – 72 .
- WHO . 1995 . Evaluation of certain food additives and contaminants . Technical Report No. 859 . 1995 , Geneva. Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives , pp. 29 – 35 . WHO .
- Zhong , W , Hu , C and Wang , M . 2002 . Nitrate and nitrite in vegetables from north China: Content and intake . Food Additives and Contaminants , 19 : 1125 – 1129 .
- Zhukova , GF , Torskaia , MS , Rodin , VI and Khotimchenko , SA . 1999 . N-nitrosoamines and nitrites in meat and meat products . Voprosõ Pitanija , 68 : 32 – 34 .