Nivalenol and the targeting of the female reproductive system as well as haematopoietic and immune systems in rats after 90-day exposure through the diet

References

• Ali , NS , Yamashita , A and Yoshizawa , T . 1998 . Natural co-occurrence of aflatoxins and Fusarium mycotoxins (fumonisins, deoxynivalenol, nivalenol and zearalenone) in corn from Indonesia . Food Addit Contam , 15 : 377 – 384 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Arase , K , Saijo , K , Watanabe , H , Konno , A , Arase , H and Saito , T . 1999 . Ablation of a specific cell population by the replacement of a uniquely expressed gene with a toxin gene . Proc Natl Acad Sci USA , 96 : 9264 – 9268 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Berek , L , Petri , IB , Mesterhazy , A , Teren , J and Molnar , J . 2001 . Effects of mycotoxins on human immune functions in vitro . Toxicol in Vitro , 15 : 25 – 30 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Choi , CY , Nakajima-Adachi , H , Kaminogawa , S and Sugita-Konishi , Y . 2000 . Nivalenol inhibits total and antigen-specific IgE production in mice . Toxicol Appl Pharmacol , 165 : 94 – 98 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Eriksen , GS , Pettersson , H , Johnsen , K and Lindberg , J . 2002 . Transformation of trichothecenes in ileal digesta and faeces from pigs . Archiv für Tierernährung , 56 : 263 – 274 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Esaki , H and Kumagai , S . 2002 . Glutathion S-transferase activity toward aflatoxin epoxide in livers of mastomys and other rodents . Toxicon , 40 : 941 – 945 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• European Commission, Scientific Committee on Food. 2000 . Opinion of the Scientific Committee on Food on Fusarium toxins. Part 4: Nivalenol (NIV). SCF/CS/CNTM/MYC/26 Final. . Available from: http://Europe.eu.int/comm./food/fs/sc/scf/index_en.html/
   Google Scholar
• Habig , WH , Pabst , MJ and Jakoby , WB . 1974 . Glutathione S-transferases. The first enzymatic step in mercapturic acid formation . J Biol Chem , 249 : 7130 – 7139 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hasui , M , Saikawa , Y , Miura , M , Takano , N , Ueno , Y , Yachie , A , Miyawaki , T and Taniguchi , N . 1989 . Effector and precursor phenotypes of lymphokine-activated killer cells in mice with severe combined immunodeficiency (scid) and athymic (nude) mice . Cell Immunol , 120 : 230 – 239 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Hinoshita , F , Suzuki , Y , Yokoyama , K , Hara , S , Yamada , A , Ogura , Y , Hashimoto , H , Tomura , S , Marumo , F and Ueno , Y . 1997 . Experimental IgA nephropathy induced by a low-dose environmental mycotoxin, nivalenol . Nephron , 75 : 469 – 478 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Itoh , Y , Ohtsubo , K , Ishii , K and Ueno , Y . 1986 . Effects of nivalenol on pregnancy and fetal development in mice . Mycotox Res , 2 : 71 – 77 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Kawasaki , Y , Uchida , O , Sekita , K , Matsumoto , K , Ochiai , T , Usoi , A , Nakaji , Y , Furoya , L , Kurokawa , Y and Tobe , M . 1990 . Single and repeated oral administration toxicity studies of nivalenol in F344 rats . J Food Hyg Soc Jpn , 31 : 144 – 154 .
   Google Scholar
• Kubosaki , A , Aihara , M , Park , BJ , Sugiura , Y , Shibutani , M , Hirose , M , Suzuki , Y , Takatori , K and Sugita-Konishi , Y . 2008 . Immunotoxicity of nivalenol after subchronic dietary exposure to rats . Food Chem Toxicol , 46 : 253 – 258 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kunze , T . 1997 . Purification and characterization of class alpha and mu glutathione S-transferases from porcine liver . Comp Biochem Physiol , 116 : 397 – 406 .
   Google Scholar
• OECD . 1998 . OECD guidelines for the testing of chemicals, Section 4: Health effects. Test No. 408: Repeated dose 90-day oral toxicity study in rodents. OECD Publ. E-book (PDF Format). . Available from: http://www.oecdbookshop.org/oecd/results.asp?lang = EN&SF1 = SeriesIdentifier&ST1=SER-00601E1/
   Google Scholar
• Ohtsubo , K , Ryu , LC , Nakamura , K , Izumiyama , N , Tanaka , T , Yamamura , H , Kobayashi , T and Ueno , Y . 1989 . Chronic toxicity of nivalenol in female mice: A 2 year feeding study with Fusarium nivale Fn 2b moulded rice . Food Chem Toxicol , 27 : 591 – 598 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Onji , Y , Dohi , Y , Aoki , Y , Moriyama , T , Nagami , H , Uno , M , Tanaka , T and Yamazoe , Y . 1989 . Deepoxynivalenol: A new metabolite of nivalenol found in the excreta of orally administered rats . J Agricult Food Chem , 37 : 478 – 481 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Poapolathep , A , Kumagai , S , Suzuki , H and Doi , K . 2004 . Development of early apoptosis and changes in T-cell subsets in mouse thymocyte primary cultures treated with nivalenol . Exp Toxicol Pathol , 77 : 149 – 152 .
   Google Scholar
• Poapolathep , A , Nagata , T , Suzuki , H , Kumagai , S and Doi , K . 2003 . Development of early apoptosis and changes in lymphocyte subsets in lymphoid organs of mice orally inoculated with nivalenol . Exp Toxicol Pathol , 75 : 74 – 79 .
   Google Scholar
• Poapolathep , A , Ohtsuka , R , Kiatipattanasakul , W , Ishigami , N , Nakayama , H and Doi , K . 2002 . Nivalenol-induced apoptosis in thymus, spleen and Peyer's patches of mice . Exp Toxicol Pathol , 53 : 441 – 446 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Poapolathep , A , Suzuki , K , Katayama , K , Ohtsuka , R , Nagata , T , Uetsuka , K , Nakayama , H and Doi , K . 2001 . Development of apoptosis and changes in apoptosis-related genes expression in the thymus of nivalenol-treated mice . J Toxicol Pathol , 14 : 299 – 304 .
   Google Scholar
• Ryu , JC , Ohtsubo , K , Izumiyama , N , Mori , M , Tanaka , T and Ueno , Y . 1987 . Effects of nivalenol on the bone marrow in mice . J Toxicol Sci , 12 : 11 – 21 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Shan , S and Armstrong , RN . 1994 . Rational reconstruction of the active site of a class mu glutathione S-transferase . J Biol Chem , 269 : 32373 – 32379 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sudakin , DL . 2003 . Trichothecens in the environment: relevance to human health . Toxicol Lett , 143 : 97 – 107 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sugita-Konishi , Y , Tanaka , T , Tabata , S , Nakajima , M , Nouno , M , Nakaie , Y , Chonan , T , Aoyagi , M , Kibune , N Mizuno , K . 2006 . Validation of an HPLC analytical method coupled to a multifunctional clean-up column for the determination of deoxynivalenol . Mycopathologia , 161 : 239 – 243 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Swanson , SP , Helaszek , C , Buck , WB , Rood , HD Jr and Haschek , WM . 1988 . The role of intestinal microflora in the metabolism of trichothecene mycotoxins . Food Chem Toxicol , 26 : 823 – 829 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Takahashi , M , Shibutani , M , Sugita-Konishi , Y , Aihara , M , Inoue , K , Woo , G-H , Fujimoto , H and Hirose , M . 2008 . A 90-day subchronic toxicity study of nivalenol, a trichothecene mycotoxin, in F344 rats . Food Chem Toxicol , 46 : 125 – 135 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tanaka , T , Yoneda , A , Inoue , S , Sugiura , Y and Ueno , Y . 2000 . Simultaneous determination of trichothecene mycotoxins and zearalenone in cereals by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry . J Chromatogr , 882 : 23 – 28 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• World Health Organization (WHO) . 2001 . “ Safety evaluation of certain mycotoxins in food. ” . In WHO Food Additives Series No. 47, Prepared by the Fifth-sixth Meeting of the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives (JECFA). , 419 – 556 . Geneva : WHO .
   Google Scholar
• Yabe , T , Hashimoto , H , Sekijima , M , Degawa , M , Hashimoto , Y , Tashiro , F and Ueno , Y . 1993 . Effects of nivalenol on hepatic drug-metabolizing activity in rats . Food Chem Toxicol , 31 : 573 – 581 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yoshizawa , T and Jin , YZ . 1995 . Natural occurrence of acetylated derivatives of deoxynivalenol and nivalenol in wheat and barley in Japan . Food Addit Contam , 12 : 689 – 694 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar