Fusarium mycotoxins in milling streams from the commercial milling of maize imported to the UK, and relevance to current legislation

References

• Abbas , HK , Mirocha , CJ , Pawlosky , RJ and Pusch , DJ . 1985 . Effect of cleaning, milling and baking on deoxynivalenol in wheat . Appl Environ Microbiol , 50 : 482 – 486 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Anderson , HW , Nehring , EW and Wichser , WR . 1975 . Aflatoxin contamination of corn in the field . J Agricult Food Chem , 23 : 775 – 782 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brekke , OL , Peplinski , AJ and Griffin , EL Jr . 1975 . Cleaning trials for corn containing aflatoxin . Cereal Chem , 52 : 198 – 204 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• European Commission . 2006a . Commission recommendation (EC) No. 2006/576, of 17 August 2006 on the presence of deoxynivalenol, zearalenone, ochratoxin A, T-2 and HT-2 and fumonisins in products intended for animal feeding . Off J Eur Union , L229 : 7 – 9 .
   Google Scholar
• European Commission . 2006b . Commission Regulation (EC) No. 1881/2006, of 10 December 2006 setting maximum levels for certain contaminants in foodstuffs . Off J Eur Union , L364 : 5 – 24 .
   Google Scholar
• European Commission . 2007 . Commission Regulation (EC) No. 1126/2007, of 28 September 2007 amending Regulation (EC) No 1881/2006 setting maximum levels for certain contaminants in foodstuffs as regards Fusarium toxins in maize and maize products . Off J Eur Union , L255 : 14 – 17 .
   Google Scholar
• Gelderblom , WCA , Jaskiewicz , K , Marasas , WFO , Thiel , PG , Horak , RM , Vleggaar , R and Kriek , NPJ . 1988 . Fumonisins–novel mycotoxins with cancer-promoting activity produced by Fusarium moniliforme . Appl Environ Microbiol , 54 : 1806 – 1811 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gilbert , J , Shepherd , MJ and Startin , JR . 1983 . A survey of the occurrence of the trichothecene mycotoxin deoxynivalenol (vomitoxin) in United Kingdom grown barley and in imported maize by combined gas chromatography-mass spectrometry . J Sci Food Agricult , 34 : 86 – 92 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kent , NL and Evers , AD . 1994 . Kent's technology of cereals , 4th , Oxford, , UK : Elsevier .
   Google Scholar
• Lauren , DR , Jensen , DJ and Smith , WA . 2006 . Mycotoxin contamination in graded fractions of maize (Zea mays) in New Zealand . NZ J Crop Horticult Sci , 34 : 63 – 72 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Patel , S , Hazel , CM , Winterton , AGM and Gleadle , AE . 1997 . Survey of fumonisins in maize and maize products . Food Addit Contam , 14 : 187 – 191 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Patel , S , Hazel , CM , Winterton , AGM and Mortby , E . 1996 . Survey of ethnic foods for mycotoxins . Food Addit Contam , 13 : 833 – 841 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ritieni , A , Moretti , A , Logrieco , A , Bottalico , A , Randazzo , G , Monti , SM , Ferracane , R and Fogliano , V . 1997 . Occurrence of fusaproliferin, fumonisin B1, and beauvericin in maize from Italy . J Agricult Food Chem , 45 : 4011 – 4016 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Scott , PM , Kanhere , SR , Dexter , JE , Brennan , PW and Trenholm , HL . 1984 . Distribution of the trichothecene mycotoxin deoxynivalenol (vomitoxin) in hard red spring wheat . Food Addit Contam , 1 : 313 – 323 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Scudamore , KA . 2004 . “ Control of mycotoxins: secondary processing ” . In Mycotoxins in food; detection and control , Edited by: Magan , N and Olsen , M . 224 – 243 . Cambridge, , UK : Woodhead .
   Google Scholar
• Scudamore , KA , Hetmanski , MT , Chan , HK and Collins , S . 1997 . Occurrence of mycotoxins in raw ingredients used for animal feeding stuffs in the United Kingdom in 1992 . Food Addit Contam , 14 : 157 – 173 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Scudamore , KA , Nawaz , S and Hetmanski , MT . 1998 . Mycotoxins in ingredients of animal feeding stuffs: II. Determination of mycotoxins in maize and maize products . Food Addit Contam , 15 : 30 – 55 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Scudamore , KA and Patel , S . 2000 . Survey for aflatoxins, ochratoxin A, ZON and fumonisins in maize imported into the United Kingdom . Food Addit Contam , 17 : 407 – 416 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Scudamore , KA and Patel , S . 2008a . Occurrence of Fusarium mycotoxins in maize imported into the UK, 2004–07 . Food Addit Contam , (accepted for publication)
   Google Scholar
• Scudamore , KA and Patel , S . 2008b . The fate of deoxynivalenol and fumonisins in wheat and maize during commercial breakfast cereal production . World Mycotox J , 1 : 315 – 323 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Seitz , LM , Yamazaki , WT , Clements , RL , Mohr , HE and Andrews , L . 1985 . Distribution of deoxynivalenol in soft wheat mill streams . Cereal Chem , 62 : 467 – 469 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sharman , M , Gilbert , J and Chelkowski , J . 1991 . A Survey of the occurrence of the mycotoxin moniliformin cereal samples from sources world-wide . Food Addit Contam , 8 : 459 – 466 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shephard , GS , Sydenham , EW , Thiel , PG and Gelderblom , WCA . 1990 . Quantitative determination of fumonisin B1 and B2 by high-performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection . J Liq Chromatograph , 13 : 2077 – 2087 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shephard , GS , Thiel , PG , Stockenström , S and Sydenham , EW . 1996 . World-wide survey of fumonisin contamination of corn and corn-based products . J Assoc Off Analyt Chem Int , 79 : 671 – 687 .
   Google Scholar
• Shotwell , OL , Hesseltine , CW and Goulden , ML . 1969 . Ochratoxin A: occurrence as a natural contaminant of a corn sample . Appl Microbiol , 17 : 765 – 766 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Shotwell , OL , Hesseltine , CW , Goulden , ML and Vandegraft , EE . 1971 . Survey of corn for aflatoxin, zearalenone, and ochratoxin . Cereal Chem , 47 : 700 – 707 .
   Google Scholar
• Vesonder , RF , Ciegler , A and Jensen , AH . 1973 . Isolation of the emetic principle from Fusarium-infected corn . Appl Microbiol , 26 : 1008 – 1010 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar