References
- Alvarez-Roman R, Barre G, Guy RH, Fessi H. Biodegradable polymer nanocapsules containing a sunscreen agent: preparation and photoprotection. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2001; 52: 191–95
- Alvarez-Roman R, Naik A, Kalia YN, Guy RH, Fessi H. Skin penetration and distribution of polymeric nanoparticles. J Control Rel 2004; 99: 53–62
- Barry BW. Is transdermal drug delivery research still important today?. Drug Disc Today 2001; 6: 967–971
- Bettinger J, Gloor M, Gehring W, Wolf W. Influence of emulsions with and without urea on water binding capacity of the stratum corneum. J Soc Cosmetic Chem 1995; 46: 247–254
- Chadawar V, Shaji J. Microsponge delivery system. Curr Drug Deliv 2007; 4: 123–129
- De Jalon EG, Blanco-Prieto MJ, Ygartua P, Santoyo S. PLGA microparticles: possible vehicles for topical drug delivery. Int J Pharm 2001a; 226: 181–184
- De Jalon EG, Blanco-Prieto MJ, Ygartua P, Santoyo S. Topical application of acyclovir-loaded microparticles: Quantification of the drug in porcine skin layers. J Control Rel 2001b; 75: 191–197
- Dinarvand R, Mahmoodi S, Farboud E, Salehi M, Atyabi F. Preparation of gelatin microspheres containing lactic acid—effect of cross-linking on drug release. Acta Pharm 2005; 55: 57–67
- Ghorab MM, Zia H, Luzzi LA. Preparation of controlled release anticancer agents. J Microencapsulation 1990; 7: 447–454
- Haddadi A, Farboud ES, Erfan M, Aboofazeli R. Preparation and characterization of biodegradable urea-loaded microparticles as an approach for transdermal delivery. J Microencapsulation 2006; 23: 698–712
- Hantschel D, Sauermann G, Steinhart H, Hoppe U, Ennen J. Urea analysis of extracts from stratum corneum and the role of urea-supplemented cosmetics. J Cosmetic Sci 1998; 49: 155–163
- Idson B. Dry skin: moisturizing and emoliency. Cosmetics Toiletries 1992; 107: 69–78
- Jenning V, Gysler A, Schafer-Korting M, Gohla SH. Vitamin a loaded solid lipid nanoparticles for topical use: Occlusive properties and drug targeting to the upper skin. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2000; 49: 211–218
- Knorst MT, Neubert R, Wohlarb W. Release of urea from semisolid formulations using a multilayer membrane system. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 1997; 23: 253–257
- Kreuter J. Nanoparticles and microparticles for drug and vaccine delivery. J Anatomy 1996; 189: 503–505
- Kreuter J. Nanoparticle as drug delivery systems. Encyclopedia of nanoscience and nanotechnology. No. 7, Nalwa HS. American Scientific Publishers, Stevenson Ranch 2004; 161–180
- Lippacher A, Muller RH, Mader K. Preparation of semisolid drug carriers for topical application based on solid lipid nanoparticles. Int J Pharm 2001; 214: 9–12
- Loden M. Urea. Dry skin and moisturizers: Chemistry and function, Loden M, Maibach HI. CRC Press, Boca Raton 1999; 243–250
- Loden M. Role of topical emollients and moisturizers in the treatment of dry skin barrier disorders. Am J Clin Dermatol 2003; 4: 771–788
- Nyirady J, Lucas C, Yusuf M, Mignone P, Wisniewski S. The stability of tretinoin in tretinoin gel microsphere 0.1%. Cutis 2002; 70: 295–298
- Queille-Roussel C, Poncet M, Mesaros S, Clucas A, Baker M, Soloff AM. Comparison of the cumulative irritation potential of adapalene gel and cream with that of erythromycin/tretinoin solution and gel and erythromycin/isotretinoin gel. Clin Ther 2001; 23: 205–212
- Roland I, Piel G, Delattre L, Evrard B. Systematic characterization of oil in water for formulation design. Int J Pharm 2003; 263: 85–94
- Rolland A. Particulate carriers in dermal and transdermal drug delivery: Myth or reality. Pharmaceutical particulate carriers: Therapeutic applications, Rolland A. Marcel Dekker Inc, New York 1993; 367–421
- Rossler B, Kreuter J, Ross G. Effect of collagen microparticles on the stability of retinol and its absorption into hairless mouse skin in vitro. Pharmazie 1994; 49: 175–179
- Santoyo S, de Jalon EG, Ygartua P, Renedo MJ, Blanco-Prieto MJ. Optimization of topical cidofovir penetration using microparticles. Int J Pharm 2002; 242: 107–113
- Shafiq Sh, Shakeel F, Talegaonkar S, Ahmad F, Khar R, Ali M. Development and bioavaiability assessment of ramipril nanoemulsion formulation. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2006; 66: 227–243
- Varshosaz J. The promise of chitosan microspheres in drug delivery systems. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2007; 4: 263–273
- Wissing SA, Muller RH. Cosmetic applications for solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN). Int J Pharm 2003; 254: 65–68