References
- Abedinzadeh Z. Sulfur-centered reactive intermediates derived from the oxidation of sulfur compounds of biological interest. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2001; 79: 166–170
- Anderson M, Omri A. The effect of different lipid components on the in vitro stability and release kinetics of liposome formulations. Drug Deliv 2004; 11: 33–39
- Araseki M, Yamamoto K, Miyashita K. Oxidative stability of polyunsaturated fatty acid in phosphatidylcholine liposomes. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2002; 66: 2573–2577
- Bangham AD, Standish MM, Watkins JC. Diffusion of univalent ions across the lamellae of swollen phospholipids. J Mol Biol 1965; 13: 238–252
- Barclay LR. The cooperative antioxidant role of glutathione with a lipid-soluble and a water-soluble antioxidant during peroxidation of liposomes initiated in the aqueous phase and in the lipid phase. J Biol Chem 1988; 263: 16138–16142
- Berleur F, Roman V, Jaskierowicz D, Fatome M, Leterrier F, Ter-Minassian-Saraga L, Madelmont G. The binding of the radioprotective agent cysteamine with the phospholipidic membrane headgroup-interface region. Biochem Pharmacol 1985; 34: 3071–3080
- Burkitt MJ. A critical overview of the chemistry of copper-dependent low density lipoprotein oxidation: roles of lipid hydroperoxides, alpha-tocopherol, thiols, and ceruloplasmin. Arch Biochem Biophys 2001; 394: 117–135
- Butterfield DA. Elevated Glutathione as a therapeutic strategy in Alzheimer's Disease. Drug Dev Res 2002; 56: 428–437
- Carlotti ME, Garllarate M, Gasco R, Morel S, Serafino A, Ugazio E. Synergistic action of vitamin C and aminoacids on vitamin E in inhibition of the lipoperoxidation of linoleic acid in disperse systems. Int J Pharm 1997; 155: 251–261
- Cervato G, Viani P, Gatti P, Cestaro B. Studies on lipid peroxidation in different model membranes: role of cysteamine. Chem Phys Lipids 1992; 62: 31–38
- Chakrabarti AC, Clark-Lewis I, Harrigan PR, Cullis PR. Uptake of basic amino acids and peptides into liposomes in response to transmembrane pH gradients. Biophys J 1992; 61: 228–234
- Chakrabarti AC, Deamer DW. Permeability of lipid bilayers to amino acids and phosphate. Biochim Biophys Acta 1992; 1111: 171–177
- Cuzzocrea S, Riley DP, Caputi AP, Salvemini D. Antioxidant therapy: a new pharmacological approach in shock, inflammation, and ischemia/reperfusion injury. Pharmacol Rev 2001; 53: 135–159
- Deneke SM. Thiol-based antioxidants. Curr Top Cell Regul 2000; 36: 151–180
- Dipali SR, Kulkarni SB, Betageri GV. Comparative study of separation of non-encapsulated drug from unilamellar liposomes by various methods. J Pharm Pharmacol 1996; 48: 1112–1115
- Dmitriev LF, Ivanova MV, Lankin VZ. Interaction of tocopherol with peroxyl radicals does not lead to the formation of lipid hydroperoxides in liposomes. Chem Phys Lipids 1994; 69: 35–39
- Dumortier G, El Kateb N, Sahli M, Kedjar S, Boulliat A, Chaumeil JC. Development of a thermogelling ophthalmic formulation of cysteine. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2006; 32: 63–72
- Ellman GL. Tissue sulfhydryl groups. Arch Biochem Biophys 1959; 82: 70–77
- Evans JC, Ellman GL. The ionization of cysteine. Biochim Biophys Acta 1959; 33: 574–576
- Fan J, Shek PN, Suntres ZE, Li YH, Oreopoulos GD, Rotstein OD. Liposomal antioxidants provide prolonged protection against acute respiratory distress syndrome. Surgery 2000; 128: 332–338
- Ferreri C, Costantino C, Perrotta L, Landi L, Mulazzani QG, Chatgilialoglu C. Cis-* trans isomerization of polyunsaturated fatty acid residues in phospholipids catalyzed by thiyl radicals. J Am Chem Soc 2001; 123: 4459–4468
- Fry DW, White JC, Goldman ID. Rapid separation of low molecular weight solutes from liposomes without dilution. Anal Biochem 1978; 90: 809–815
- Gal S, Pinchuk I, Lichtenberg D. Peroxidation of liposomal palmitoyl linoleoyl phosphatidylcholine (PLPC), effects of surface charge on the oxidizability and on the potency of antioxidants. Chem Phys Lipids 2003; 126: 95–110
- Galley HF, Howdle PD, Walker BE, Webster NR. The effects of intravenous antioxidants in patients with septic shock. Free Radic Biol Med 1997; 23: 768–774
- Giles NM, Giles GI, Jacob C. Multiple roles of cysteine in biocatalysis. 2003a; 300: 1–4
- Giles NM, Watts AB, Giles GI, Fry FH, Littlechild JA, Jacob C. Metal and redox modulation of cysteine protein function. Chem Biol 2003b; 10: 677–693
- Glantzounis GK, Salacinski HJ, Yang W, Davidson BR, Seifalian AM. The contemporary role of antioxidant therapy in attenuating liver ischemia-reperfusion injury: A review. Liver Transpl 2005; 11: 1031–1047
- Gutierrez ME, Garcia AF, Africa de Madariaga M, Sagrista ML, Casado FJ, Mora M. Interaction of tocopherols and phenolic compounds with membrane lipid components: Evaluation of their antioxidant activity in a liposomal model system. Life Sci 2003; 72: 2337–2360
- Halliwell B, Gutteridge JMC. Free radicals in biology and medicine, 3rd ed. Oxford University Press, New York 1999
- Hays LM, Crowe JH, Wolkers W, Rudenko S. Factors affecting leakage of trapped solutes from phospholipid vesicles during thermotropic phase transitions. Cryobiology 2001; 42: 88–102
- Hovorka S, Schoneich C. Oxidative degradation of pharmaceuticals: theory, mechanisms and inhibition. J Pharm Sci 2001; 90: 253–269
- Kallinteri P, Fatouros D, Klepetsanis P, Antimisiaris SG. Arsenic trioxide liposomes: Encapsulation efficiency and in vitro stability. J Liposome Res 2004; 14: 27–38
- Kristl J, Volk B, Gasperlin M, Sentjurc M, Jurkovic P. Effect of colloidal carriers on ascorbyl palmitate stability. Eur J Pharm Sci 2003; 19: 181–189
- Kulkarni SB, Betageri GV, Singh M. Factors affecting microencapsulation of drugs in liposomes. J Microencapsulation 1995; 12: 229–246
- Lamas GA, Hussein SJ. EDTA chelation therapy meets evidence-based medicine. Complement Ther Clin Pract 2006; 12: 213–215
- Lanigan RS, Yamarik TA. Final report on the safety assessment of EDTA, calcium disodium EDTA, diammonium EDTA, dipotassium EDTA, disodium EDTA, TEA-EDTA, tetrasodium EDTA, tripotassium EDTA, trisodium EDTA, HEDTA, and trisodium HEDTA. Int J Toxicol 2002; 21: 95–142
- Law SL, Huang KJ, Chou VH. Stability of desmopressine loaded in liposomes. J Liposome Res 2003; 13: 269–277
- Lee SC, Yuk HG, Lee DH, Lee KE, Hwang YI, Ludescher D. Stabilization of retinol through incorporation into liposomes. J Biochem Mol Biol 2002; 35: 358–363
- Li J, Wang H, Stoner GD, Bray TM. Dietary supplementation with cysteine prodrugs selectively restores tissue glutathione levels and redox status in protein malnourished mice. J Nutr Biochem 2002; 13: 625–633
- Lu SC. Regulation of hepatic glutathione synthesis: current concepts and controversies. FASEB J 1999; 13: 1169–1183
- Motoyama T, Miki M, Mino M, Takahashi M, Niki E. Synergistic inhibition of oxidation in dispersed phosphatidylcholine liposomes by a combination of vitamin E and cysteine. Arch Biochem Biophys 1989; 270: 655–661
- Neveux N, De Bandt JP, Fattal E, Hannoun L, Poupon R, Chaumeil JC, Delattre J, Cynober L. Cold preservation injury in rat liver: effect of liposomally-entrapped adenosine triphosphate. J Hepatol 2000; 33: 68–75
- Obled C, Papet I, Breuillé D. Sulfur-containing amino acids and glutathione in diseases. Metabolic and therapeutic aspects of amino acids in clinical nutrition, 2nd ed., L Cynober. CRC Press LLC, Boca Raton, FL 2004; 667–687
- Ohyashiki T, Kadoya A, Kushida K. The role of Fe3+ on Fe2+ dependent lipid peroxidation in phospholipid liposomes. Chem Pharm Bull 2002; 50: 203–207
- Parcell S. Sulfur in human nutrition and applications in medicine. Altern Med Rev 2002; 7: 22–44
- Pejaver SK. Role of liposome composition on drug stability. Liposome technology, entrapment of drugs and other materials, G Gregoriadis. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL 1993; 276–291
- Rawicz W, Olbrich KC, McIntosh T, Needham D, Evans E. Effect of chain length and unsaturation on elasticity of lipid bilayers. Biophys J 2000; 79: 328–339
- Rigo A, Corazza A, di Paolo ML, Rossetto M, Ugolini R, Scarpa M. Interaction of copper with cysteine: stability of cuprous complexes and catalytic role of cupric ions in anaerobic thiol oxidation. J Inorg Biochem 2004; 98: 1495–1501
- Sagrista ML, Garcia AE, Africa De Madariaga M, Mora M. Antioxidant and pro-oxidant effect of the thiolic compounds N-acetyl-L-cysteine and glutathione against free radical-induced lipid peroxidation. Free Radic Res 2002; 36: 329–340
- Schoneich C. Kinetics of thiol reactions. Methods Enzymol 1995; 251: 45–55
- Silvander M, Johnsson M, Edwards K. Effects of PEG-lipids on permeability of phosphatidylcholine/cholesterol liposomes in buffer and in human serum. Chem Phys Lipids 1998; 97: 15–26
- Smith LJ, Anderson J, Shamsuddin M. Glutathione localization and distribution after intratracheal instillation. Am Rev Respir Dis 1992; 145: 153–159
- Soghier LM, Brion LP. Cysteine, cystine or N-acetylcysteine supplementation in parenterally fed neonates. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2006; CD004869
- Steenvoorden DP, Van Henegouwen GM. The use of endogenous antioxidants to improve photoprotection. J Photochem Photobiol B 1997.; 41: 1–10
- Stewart JC. Colorimetric determination of phospholipids with ammonium ferrothiocyanate. Anal Biochem 1980; 104: 10–14
- Stone WL, Smith M. Therapeutic uses of antioxidant liposomes. Mol Biotechnol 2004; 27: 217–230
- Subczynski WK, Hyde JS, Kusumi A. Oxygen permeability of phosphatidylcholine-cholesterol membranes. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1989; 86: 4474–4478
- Timmins P, Jackson I, Wang YJ. Factors affecting captopril stability in aqueous solution. Int J Pharm 1982; 11: 329–336
- Torchilin VP, Weissig V. Liposomes practical approach, 2nd ed. Oxford University Press, Oxford 2003
- Ulrich AS. Biophysical aspects of using liposomes as delivery vehicles. Biosci Rep 2002; 22: 129–150
- Valko M, Leibfritz D, Moncol J, Cronin MT, Mazur M, Telser J. Free radicals and antioxidants in normal physiological functions and human disease. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2007; 39: 44–84
- Venkat Ratnam D, Ankola DD, Bhardwaj V, Sahana DK, Ravi Kumar MNV. Role of antioxidants in prophylaxis and therapy: A pharmaceutical perspective. J Control Rel 2006; 113: 189–207
- Wang X, Quinn PJ. Vitamin E and its function in membranes. Prog Lipid Res 1999; 38: 309–336
- Wernerman J, Luo JL, Hammarqvist F. Glutathione status in critically-ill patients: Possibility of modulation by antioxidants. Proc Nutr Soc 1999; 58: 677–680
- Winterbourn CC, Metodiewa D. Reactivity of biologically important thiol compounds with superoxide and hydrogen peroxide. Free Radic Biol Med 1999; 27: 322–328
- Wlodek L. The reaction of sulfhydryl groups with carbonyl compounds. Acta Biochim Pol 1988; 35: 307–317
- Wlodek L. Beneficial and harmful effects of thiols. Pol J Pharmacol 2002; 54: 215–223
- Zhang JA, Pawelchak J. Effect of pH, ionic strength and oxygen burden on the chemical stability of EPC/cholesterol liposomes under accelerated conditions. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2000; 50: 357–364
- Zuidam NJ, De Verueh R, Crommeli DJA. Characterization of liposomes. Liposomes practical approach, 2nd ed, VP Torchilin, V Weissig. Oxford University Press, Oxford 2003a; 31–77
- Zuidam NJ, De Verueh R, Crommeli DJA. Stability, storage, and sterilization of liposomes. Liposomes practical approach, 2nd ed., VP Torchilin, V Weissig. Oxford University Press, Oxford 2003b; 149–165