Electrostatic micro- and nanoencapsulation and electroemulsification: A brief review

References

• Abu-Ali J, Barringer SA. Method for electrostatic atomization of emulsions in an EHD system. J Electrostatics 2005; 63: 361–369
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Almekinders JC, Jones C. Multiple jet electrohydrodynamic spraying and applications. J Aerosol Sci 1999; 30: 969–971
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Amsden BG, Goosen MFA. An examination of factors affecting the size, distribution and release characteristics of polymer microbeads made using electrostatics. J Contr Rel 1997; 43: 183–196
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bailey AG. The theory and practice of electrostatic spraying. Atomiz Spray Techn 1986; 2: 95–134
   Google Scholar
• Bailey AG. Electrostatic spraying of liquids. New York; Michelson: Adam Hilger; Bristol, New York: J., Bailey 1988, Wiley & Sons
   Google Scholar
• Balachandran W, Jaworek A, Krupa A, Kulon J, Lackowski M. Efficiency of smoke removal by charged water droplets. J Electrostatics 2003; 58: 209–220
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Balachandran W, Krupa A, Machowski W, Jaworek A. Smoke precipitation by charged water aerosols. J Electrostatics 2001; 51–52: 193–199
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Balachandran W, Machowski W, Ahmad CN. Electrostatic atomization of conducting liquids using ac superimposed on dc fields. IEEE Trans Ind Appl 1994; 30: 850–855
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Barrero A, Lopez-Herrera JM, Boucard A, Loscertales IG, Marquez M. Steady cone-jet electrosprays in liquid insulator baths. J Colloid Interface Sci 2004; 272: 104–108
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Barrero A, Loscertales IG. Micro- and nanoparticles via capillary flows. Annu Rev Fluid Mech 2007; 39: 89–106
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bocanegra R, Galan D, Marquez M, Loscertales IG, Barrero A. Multiple electrosprays emitted from an array of holes. J Aerosol Sci 2005a; 36: 1387–1399
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bocanegra R, Gaonkar AG, Barrero A, Loscertales IG, Pechack D, Marquez M. Production of cocoa butter microcapsules using an electrospray process. J Food Sci 2005b; 70: E492–E497
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bollini R, Sample SB, Seigal SD, Boarman JW. Production of monodisperse charged metal particles by harmonic electrical spraying. J Coll Interface Sci 1975; 51: 272–277
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Borra JP, Camelot D, Marijnissen JCM, Scarlet B. A new production process of powders with defined properties by electrohydrodynamic atomization of liquids and post-production electrical mixing. J Electrostatics 1997; 40&41: 633–638
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Borra JP, Ehouarn P, Boulaud D. Electrohydrodynamic atomisation of water stabilised by glow discharge—operating range and droplet properties. J Aerosol Sci 2004; 35: 1313–1332
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brandenberger H, Nüssli D, Piëch V, Widmer F. Monodisperse particle production: A method to prevent drop coalescence using electrostatic forces. J Electrostatics 1999; 45: 227–238
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brandenberger H, Widmer F. Immobilization of highly concentrated cell suspensions using the laminar jet breakup technique. Biotechnol Prog 1999; 15: 366–372
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brown RC. Tutorial review: Simultaneous measurement of particle size and particle charge. J Aerosol Sci 1997; 28: 1373–1391
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Buchko ChJ, Chen LC, Shen Y, Martin DC. Processing and microstructural characterization of porous biocompatible protein polymer thin films. Polymer 1999; 40: 7397–7407
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Capek I. Degradation of kinetically-stable o/w emulsions. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2004; 107: 125–155
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Challis RE, Povey MJW, Mather ML, Holmes AK. Ultrasound techniques for characterizing colloidal dispersions. Rep Prog Phys 2005; 68: 1541–1637
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cherney LT. Structure of Taylor cone-jets: Limit of low flow rates. J Fluid Mech 1999; 378: 167–196
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chew SY, Wen J, Yim EKF, Leong KW. Sustained release of proteins from electrospun biodegradable fibers. Biomacromolecules 2005; 6: 2017–2024
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ciach T. Particle production for drug delivery. J Aerosol Sci 2004; 35(Suppl. 1)S433–S434
   Google Scholar
• Ciach T. Microencapsulation of drugs by electro-hydro-dynamic atomization. Int J Pharm 2006; 324: 51–55
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ciach T. Application of electro-hydro-dynamic atomization in drug delivery. J Drug Deliv Sci Tech 2008; 17: 367–375
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ciach T, Wang J, Marijnissen J. Production of protein microparticles by electro-hydro-dynamic atomization. J Aerosol Sci 2001; 32: S1001–S1002
   Google Scholar
• Cloupeau M, Prunet-Foch B. Electrostatic spraying of liquids. Main functioning modes. J Electrostatics 1990; 25: 165–184
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cloupeau M, Prunet-Foch B. Electrohydrodynamic spraying functioning modes, a critical review. J Aerosol Sci 1994; 25: 1121–1136
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• De S, Pritchett M, Mazumder MK, Yurteri CU, Egorov O. Electrostatic microencapsulation technique for producing composite particles. Part Sci Techn 2002; 20: 169–185
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Demir MM, Yilgor I, Yilgor E, Erman B. Electrospinning of polyurethane fibers. Polymer 2002; 43: 3303–3309
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ding L, Lee T, Wang ChH. Fabrication of monodispersed Taxol-loaded particles using electrohydrodynamic atomization. J Contr Rel 2005; 102: 395–413
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dos Santos IR, Richard J, Pech B, Thies C, Benoit JP. Microencapsulation of protein particles within lipids using a novel supercritical fluid process. Int J Pharm 2002; 242: 69–78
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Doshi J, Reneker DH. Electrospinning process and applications of electrospun fibers. J Electrostatics 1995; 35: 151–160
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Doyle A, Moffett DR, Vonnegut B. Behavior of evaporating electrically charged droplets. J Coll Sci 1964; 19: 136–143
   Google Scholar
• Fages J, Lochard H, Letourneau J-J, Sauceau M, Rodier E. Particle generation for pharmaceutical applications using supercritical fluid technology. Powder Techn 2004; 141: 219–226
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Farook U, Stride E, Edirisinghe MJ, Moaleji R. Microbubbling by co-axial electrohydrodynamic atomization. Med Bio Eng Comput 2007a; 45: 781–789
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Farook U, Zhang HB, Edirisinghe MJ, Stride E, Saffari N. Preparation of microbubble suspensions by co-axial electrohydrodynamic atomization. Med Eng Phys 2007b; 29: 749–754
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fernandez de la Mora J. The fluid dynamics of Taylor cones. Annu Rev Fluid Mech 2007; 39: 217–243
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fernandez de la Mora J, Loscertales IG. The current emitted by highly conducting Taylor cones. J Fluid Mech 1994; 260: 155–184
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fery A, Dubreuil F, Mohwald H. Mechanics of artificial microcapsules. N J Phys 2004; 6: 1–13
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fillmore GL, VanLokeren DC. A multinozzle drop generator which produces uniform breakup of continuous jets. IEEE Trans Ind Appl 1984; 20: 289–292
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Flagan RC. History of electrical aerosol measurements. Aerosol Sci Techn 1998; 28: 301–380
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gañan-Calvo AM. On the theory of electrohydrodynamically driven capillary jets. J Fluid Mech 1997; 335: 165–188
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gañan-Calvo AM. Generation of steady liquid microthreads and micron-sized monodisperse sprays in gas streams. Phys Rev Lett 1998; 80: 285–288
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gañan-Calvo AM. The surface charge in electrospraying: Its nature and its universal scaling laws. J Aerosol Sci 1999a; 30: 863–872
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gañan-Calvo AM. New microfluidic technologies to generate respirable aerosols for medical applications. J Aerosol Sci 1999b; 30(Suppl. 1)5541–5542
   Google Scholar
• Gañan-Calvo AM, Davila J, Barrero A. Current and droplet size in the electrospraying of liquids. Scaling laws. J Aerosol Sci 1997; 28: 249–275
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Garti N. What can nature offer from an emulsifier point of view: Trends and progress?. Coll Surf A: Phys Chem Eng Aspects 1999; 152: 125–146
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gneist G, Bart HJ. Droplet formation in liquid/liquid systems using high frequency AC fields. DACHEMA/GVC Working Party ‘Extraction’. Bremen. 2000, 7–8 September 2000
   Google Scholar
• Gomez A. The electrospray and its application to targeted drug inhalation. Resp Care 2002; 47: 1419–1433
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Gomez A, Bingham D, Juan de L, Tang K. Production of protein nanoparticles by electrospray drying. J Aerosol Sci 1998; 29: 561–574
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gomez A, Tang K. Charge and fission of droplets in electrostatic sprays. Phys Fluids 1994; 6: 404–414
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gouin S. Microencapsulation: Industrial appraisal of existing technologies and trends. Trends Food Sci Technol 2004; 15: 330–347
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Grace JM, Marijnissen JCM. A review of liquid atomization by electrical means. J Aerosol Sci 1994; 25: 1005–1019
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Grigor'ev AI, Shir'aeva SO. Mechanism of electrostatic polydispersion of liquid. J Phys D: Appl Phys 1990; 23: 1361–1370
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Guzey D, McClements DJ. Formation, stability and properties of multilayer emulsions for application in the food industry. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2006; 128–130: 227–248
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hartman RPA, Brunner DJ, Camelot DMA, Marijnissen JCM, Scarlett B. Jet break-up in electrohydrodynamic atomization in the cone-jet mode. J Aerosol Sci 2000; 31: 65–95
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hayati I, Bailey AI, Tadros ThF. Investigations into the mechanisms of electrohydrodynamic spraying of liquids. Pt.I. Effect of electric field and the environment on pendant drop and factors affecting the formation of stable jets and atomization. J Coll Interface Sci 1987a; 117: 205–221
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hayati I, Bailey AI, Tadros ThF. Investigations into the mechanisms of electrohydrodynamic spraying of liquids. Pt.II. Mechanism of stable jet formation and electrical forces acting on a liquid cone. J Coll Interface Sci 1987b; 117: 222–230
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hengelmolen R, Vincent B, Hassall G. Emulsions from aerosol sprays. J Colloid Interf Sci 1997; 196: 12–22
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Herricks TE, Kim S-H, Kim J, Li D, Kwak JH, Grate JW, Kim SH, Xia Y. Direct fabrication of enzyme-carrying polymer nanofibers by electrospinning. J Mater Chem 2005; 15: 3241–3245
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hirech K, Payan S, Carnelle G, Brujes L, Legrand J. Microencapsulation of an insecticide by interfacial polymerisation. Powder Technol 2003; 130: 324–330
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hohman MM, Shin M, Rutledge G, Brenner MP. Electrospinning and electrically forced jets. I. Stability theory. Phys Fluids 2001a; 13: 2201–2220
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hohman MM, Shin M, Rutledge G, Brenner MP. Electrospinning and electrically forced jets. II. Applications. Phys Fluids 2001b; 13: 2221–2236
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hughes JF, Pavey ID. Electrostatic emulsification. J Electrostatics 1981; 10: 45–55
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hughes JF, Roberts JMC. Electrostatic emulsification of domestic and personal care products. Int J Cosmetic Sci 1984; 6: 103–113
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jafari SM, He Y, Bhandari B. Nano-emulsion production by sonication and microfluidization—a comparison. Int J Food Prop 2006; 9: 475–485
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jafari SM, He X, Bhandari B. Effectiveness of encapsulating biopolymers to produce sub-micron emulsions by high energy emulsification techniques. Food Res Int 2007; 40: 862–873
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jaworek A. Electrospray droplet sources for thin film deposition. A review. J Mater Sci 2007a; 42: 266–297
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jaworek A. Micro- and nanoparticle production by electrospraying. A review. Powder Technol 2007b; 176: 18–35
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jaworek A, Balachandran W, Krupa A, Kulon J, Machowski W. Electrohydrodynamic atomization of viscous liquids. Inst Phys Conf Ser No.178 2003; 181–186
   Google Scholar
• Jaworek A, Balachandran W, Lackowski M, Kulon J, Krupa A. Multi-nozzle electrospray system for gas cleaning processes. J Electrostatics 2006; 64: 194–202
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jaworek A, Czech T, Rajch E, Lackowski M. Spectroscopic studies of electric discharges in electrospraying. J Electrostatics 2005; 63: 635–641
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jaworek A, Krupa A. Generation and characteristics of the precession mode of EHD spraying. J Aerosol Sci 1996; 27: 75–82
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jaworek A, Krupa A. Studies of the corona discharge in ehd spraying. J Electrostatics 1997; 40–41: 173–178
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jaworek A, Krupa A. Jet and drop formation in electrohydrodynamic spraying of liquids. A systematic approach. Exp Fluids 1999a; 27: 43–52
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jaworek A, Krupa A. Classification of the modes of EHD spraying. J Aerosol Sci 1999b; 30: 873–893
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jaworek A, Machowski W, Krupa A, Balachandran W. Viscosity effect on EHD spraying using AC superimposed on DC Electric Field. IEEE Ind Appl Soc Annual Meeting. Rome 2000; 770–776, 8–12 October 2000
   Google Scholar
• Jayasinghe SN, Edirisinghe MJ. A novel method of forming open cell ceramic foam. J Porous Mat 2002; 9: 265–273
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jayasinghe SN, Townsend-Nicholson A. Stable electric-field driven cone-jetting of concentrated biosuspensions. Lab Chip 2006; 6: 1086–1090
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jiang H, Hu Y, Li Y, Zhao P, Zhu K, Chen W. A facile technique to prepare biodegradable coaxial electrospun nanofibers for controlled release of bioactive agents. J Contr Rel 2005; 108: 237–243
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Joffre GH, Cloupeau M. Characteristic forms of electrified menisci emitting charges. J Electrostatics 1986; 18: 147–161
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jono K, Ichikawa H, Miyamoto M, Fukumori Y. A review of particulate design for pharmaceutical powders and their production by spouted bed coating. Powder Technol 2000; 113: 269–277
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Joscelyne SM, Trägårdh G. Membrane emulsification—a literature review. J Membr Sci 2000; 169: 107–117
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Juraschek R, Röllgen FW. Pulsation phenomena during electrospray ionization. Int J Mass Spectrom Ion Proc 1998; 177: 1–15
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kenawy ER, Bowlin GL, Mansfield K, Layman J, Simpson DG, Sanders EH, Wnek GE. Release of tetracycline hydrochloride from electrospun poly(ethylene-co-vinylacetate), poly(lactic acid), and a blend. J Contr Rel 2002; 81: 57–64
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kim H, Luo D, Link D, Weitz DA, Marquez M, Cheng Z. Controlled production of emulsion drops using an electric field in a flow-focusing microfluidic device. Appl Phys Lett 2007; 91, Paper No. 133106
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kobayashi I, Uemura K, Nakajima M. Formulation of monodisperse emulsions using submicron-channel arrays. Colloids Surf A: Physicochem Eng Aspects 2007; 296: 285–289
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kowalewski TA, Błoński S, Barral S. Experiments and modelling of electrospinning process. Bull Polish Acad Sci, Techn Sci 2005; 53: 385–394
   Google Scholar
• Langer G, Yamate G. Encapsulation of liquid and solid aerosol particles to form dry powders. J Coll Interface Sci 1969; 29: 450–455
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Law SE. Agricultural electrostatic spray application: A review of significant research and development during the 20th century. J Electrostatics 2001; 51–52: 25–42
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Law SE, Cooper SC. Depositional characteristics of charged and uncharged droplets applied by an orchard air carrier sprayer. Trans ASAE 1988; 31: 984–989
   Google Scholar
• Law SE, Cooper SC, Law WB (1999) Bipolar spray charging for enhanced deposition onto nonconductive and electrically isolated targets. Inst Phys Conf Ser No. 163; 10th Int Conf Electrostatics ‘99. 28–31 March, 1999. Cambridge, 243–248
   Google Scholar
• Lee KH, Kim HY, Khil MS, Ra YM, Lee DR. Characterization of nano-structured poly(1-caprolactone) nonwoven mats via electrospinning. Polymer 2003; 44: 1287–1294
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lewińska D, Bukowski J, Kinasiewicz A, Weryński A. Electrostatic microencapsulation of hepatocytes using an impulsed voltage droplet generator. ESAO Conference Paper. 2006
   Google Scholar
• Lewińska D, Rosiński S, Weryński A. Influence of process conditions during impulsed electrostatic droplet formation on size distribution of hydrogel beads. Artif Cells Blood Sub Biotechnol 2004; 32: 41–53
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liao IC, Chew SY, Leong KW. Aligned core-shell nanofibers delivering bioactive proteins. Nanomedicine 2006; 1: 465–471
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lopez-Herrera JM, Barrero A, Lopez A, Loscertales IG, Marquez M. Coaxial jets generated from electrified Taylor cones. Scaling laws. J Aerosol Sci 2003; 34: 535–552
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Loscertales IG, Barrero A, Guerrero I, Cortijo R, Marquez M, Gañan-Calvo AM. Micro/nano encapsulation via electrified coaxial liquid jets. Science 2002; 295: 1695–1698
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Luu YK, Kim K, Hsiao BS, Chu B, Hadjiargyrou M. Development of a nanostructured DNA delivery scaffold via electrospinning of PLGA and PLA–PEG block copolymers. J Contr Rel 2003; 89: 341–353
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Marginean I, Kelly RT, Page JS, Tang K, Smith RD. Electrospray characteristic curves: In pursuit of improved performance in the nanoflow regime. Anal Chem 2007a; 79: 8030–8036
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Marginean I, Nemes P, Vertes A. Order-chaos-order transitions in electrosprays: The electrified dripping faucet. Phys Rev Lett 2006; 97, Paper No. 064502
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Marginean I, Nemes P, Vertes A. Astable regime in electrosprays. Phys Rev E 2007b; 76, Paper No. 026320
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Marginean I, Parvin L, Heffernan L, Vertes A. Flexing the electrified meniscus: The birth of a jet in electrosprays. Anal Chem 2004; 76: 4202–4207
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Marin AG, Loscertales IG, Marquez M, Barrero A. Simple and double emulsions via coaxial jet electrosprays. Phys Rev Lett 2007; 98, Paper No. 014502
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Meesters GMH, Vercoulen PHW, Marijnissen JCM, Scarlett B. Generation of micron-sized droplets from the Taylor cone. J Aerosol Sci 1992; 23: 37–49
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mei F, Chen DR. Investigation of compound jet electrospray: Particle encapsulation. Phys Fluids 2007; 19, paper No. 103303
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mestel AJ. Electrohydrodynamic stability of a highly viscous jet. J Fluid Mech 1996; 312: 311–326
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Michelson D. Electrostatic atomization. IOP Publishing, Bailey: New York; Michelson: Adam Hilger; Bristol, New York 1990
   Google Scholar
• Muschiolik G. Multiple emulsions for food use. Curr Opin Colloid Interface Sci 2007; 12: 213–220
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nakano M, Takashima K, Katsura Sh, Mizuno A. Development of contactless emulsification method using electrostatic phenomena for biological application. J Electrostatics 2008; 66: 45–50
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nawab MA, Mason SG. The preparation of uniform emulsions by electrical dispersion. J Coll Sci 1958; 13: 179–187
   Google Scholar
• Nelson G. Application of microencapsulation in textiles. Int J Pharm 2002; 242: 55–62
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Orive G, Gascon AR, Hernandez RM, Igartua M, Pedraz JL. Cell microencapsulation technology for biomedical purposes: Novel insights and challenges. Trends Pharm Sci 2003; 24: 207–210
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Orive G, Hernandez RM, Gascon AR, Calafiore R, Chang ThMS, de Vos P, Hortelano G, Hunkeler D, Lacik I, Pedraz JL. History, challenges and perspectives of cell microencapsulation. Trends Biotech 2004; 22: 87–92
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Paine MD, Alexander MS, Stark JPW. Nozzle and liquid effects on the spray modes in nanoelectrospray. J Coll Interface Sci 2007; 305: 111–123
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pareta R, Edirisinghe MJ. A novel method for the preparation of biodegradable microspheres for protein drug delivery. J. R. Soc. Interface 2006; 3: 573–582
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pareta R, Brindley A, Edirisinghe MJ, Jayasinghe SN, Luklinska ZB. Electrohydrodynamic atomization of protein (bovine serum albumin). J Mater Sci: Mater Med 2005; 16: 919–925
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Parvin L, Galicia MC, Gauntt JM, Carney LM, Nguyen AB, Park Y, Heffernan L, Vertes A. Electrospray diagnostics by Fourier analysis of current oscillations and fast imaging. Anal Chem 2005; 77: 3908–3915
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Poncelet D, Babak VG, Neufeld RJ, Goosen MFA, Bugarski B. Theory of electrostatic dispersion of polymer solutions in the production of microgel beads containing biocatalyst. Adv Coll Interface Sci 1999; 79: 213–228
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Poncelet D, Bugarski B, Amsden BG, Zhu J, Neufeld R, Goosen MFA. A parallel plate electrostatic droplet generator: Parameters affecting microbead size. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 1994; 42: 251–255
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rayleigh FRS. On the equilibrium of liquid conducting masses charged with electricity. Phil Mag 1882; 14: 184–186
   Google Scholar
• Regele JD, Papac MJ, Rickard MJA, Dunn-Rankin D. Effects of capillary spacing on EHD spraying from an array of cone jets. J Aerosol Sci 2002; 32: 1471–1479
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sakai T, Sadakata M, Sato M, Kimura K. Production of uniformly sized dual concentric droplets from coaxial smooth jet under applied AC electric field. Atomiz Sprays 1991; 1: 171–185
   Google Scholar
• Salalha W, Kuhn J, Dror Y, Zussman E. Encapsulation of bacteria and viruses in electrospun nanofibres. Nanotechnology 2006; 17: 4675–4681
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Salata OV. Tools of nanotechnology: Electrospray. Curr Nanosci 2005; 1: 25–33
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sample SB, Bollini R. Production of liquid aerosols by harmonic electrical spraying. J Coll Interface Sci 1972; 41: 185–193
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sanguansri P, Augustin MA. Nanoscale materials development—a food industry perspective. Trends Food Sci Techn 2006; 17: 547–556
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sato M. The production of essentially uniform-sized liquid droplets in gaseous or immiscible liquid media under applied ac potential. J Electrostatics 1984; 15: 237–247
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sato M. Formation of uniformly sized liquid droplets using spinning disk under applied electrostatic field. IEEE Trans Ind Appl 1991; 27: 316–322
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sato M, Hatori T, Saito M. Experimental investigation of droplet formation mechanisms by electrostatic dispersion in a liquid-liquid system. IEEE Trans Ind Appl 1997; 33: 1527–1534
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sato M, Kato S, Saito M. Production of oil/water type uniformly sized droplets using a convergent AC electric field. IEEE Trans Ind Appl 1996a; 32: 138–145
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sato M, Kudo N, Saito M (1996b) Surface tension reduction of liquid by applied electric field using vibrating jet method. IEEE Ind Appl Soc Annual Meeting. 5–10 October, 1996. San Diego
   Google Scholar
• Sato M, Kudo N, Saito M. Surface tension reduction of liquid by applied electric field using vibrating jet method. IEEE Trans Ind Appl 1998; 34: 294–300
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sato M, Miyazaki H, Sadakata M, Sakaki T (1988) Production of uniformly sized liquid droplets under applied AC field by means of rotating multi-nozzle system. 4th Int Conf Liquid Atomization and Spray Systems. 22–24 August, 1988. SendaiJapan, 161–165
   Google Scholar
• Sato M, Takahashi H, Awazu M, Ohshima T. Production of ultra-uniformly-sized silica particles by applying ac superimposed on dc voltage. J Electrostatics 1999; 46: 171–176
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schroeder V, Schubert H. Production of emulsions using microporous, ceramic membranes. Coll Surf A: Physicochem Eng Asp 1999; 152: 103–109
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schultze K. Das Verhalten verschiedener Flüssigkeiten bei der Elektrostatischen Zerstaubung. Z Angewandte Physik 1961; 13: 11–16
   Google Scholar
• Shiryaeva SO, Grigorev AI. The semiphenomenological classification of the modes of electrostatic dispersion of liquids. J Electrostatics 1995; 34: 51–59
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Song T, Zhang Y, Zhou T, Lim ChT, Ramakrishna S, Liu B. Encapsulation of self-assembled FePt magnetic nanoparticles in PCL nanofibers by coaxial electrospinning. Chem Phys Lett 2005; 415: 317–322
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Spernath A, Aserin A. Microemulsions as carriers for drugs and nutraceuticals. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2006; 128–130: 47–64
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Srivastava Y, Loscertales I, Marquez M, Thorsen T. Electrospinning of hollow and core/sheath nanofibers using a microfluidic manifold. Microfluid Nanofluid 2008; 4: 245–250
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Suvorov VG, Litvinov EA. Dynamic Taylor cone formation on liquid metal surface: Numerical modelling. J Phys D: Appl Phys 2000; 33: 1245–1251
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sze Tu L, Dehghani F, Foster NR. Micronisation and microencapsulation of pharmaceuticals using a carbon dioxide antisolvent. Powder Technol 2002; 126: 134–149
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tadros T, Izquierdo P, Esquena J, Solans C. Formation and stability of nano-emulsions. Adv Coll Interface Sci 2004; 108–109: 303–318
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tatemoto Y, Ishikawa R, Takeuchi M, Takeshita T, Noda K, Okazaki T. An electrospray method using a multi-capillary nozzle emitter. Chem Eng Technol 2007; 30: 1274–1279
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Taylor GFRS. Disintegration of water drops in an electric field. Proc R Soc 1964; A280: 383–397
   Google Scholar
• Taylor GFRS, van Dyke MD. Electrically driven jets. Proc R Soc 1969; A313: 453–475
   Google Scholar
• Tiarks F, Landfester K, Antonietti M. Preparation of polymeric nanocapsules by miniemulsion polymerization. Langmuir 2001; 17: 908–918
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Townsend-Nicholson A, Jayasinghe SN. Cell electrospinning: A unique biotechnique for encapsulating living organisms for generating active biological microthreads/scaffolds. Biomacromolecules 2006; 7: 3364–3369
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Uematsu I, Matsumoto H, Morota K, Minagawa M, Tanioka A, Yamagata Y, Inoue K. Surface morphology and biological activity of protein thin films produced by electrospray deposition. J Colloid Interface Sci 2004; 269: 336–340
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Umbanhowar PB, Prasad V, Weitz DA. Monodisperse emulsion generation via drop break off in a coflowing stream. Langmuir 2000; 16: 347–351
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Van Berkel GJ, Kertesz V. Using the electrochemistry of the electrospray ion source. Anal Chem 2007; 79: 5510–5520
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Verreck G, Chun I, Peeters J, Rosenblatt J, Brewster ME. Preparation and characterization of nanofibers containing amorphous drug dispersions generated by electrostatic spinning. Pharm Res 2003a; 20: 810–817
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Verreck G, Chun I, Rosenblatt J, Peeters J, Van Dijck A, Mensch J, Noppe M, Brewster ME. Incorporation of drugs in an amorphous state into electrospun nanofibers composed of a water-insoluble, nonbiodegradable polymer. J Contr Rel 2003b; 92: 349–360
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vonnegut B, Neubauer RL. Production of monodisperse liquid particles by electrical atomization. J Coll Sci 1952; 7: 616–622
   Google Scholar
• Wachtel RE, LaMer VK. The preparation and size distribution of some monodisperse emulsions. J Coll Sci 1962; 17: 531–564
   Google Scholar
• Wang Y, Dave RN, Pfeffer R. Polymer coating/encapsulation of nanoparticles using a supercritical anti-solvent process. J Supercritical Fluids 2004; 28: 85–99
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Watanabe A, Higashitsuji K, Nishizawa K. Studies of electrocapillary emulsification. J Coll Interface Sci 1978; 64: 278–289
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Watanabe H, Matsuyama T, Yamamoto H. Preparation of immobilized enzyme gel particles using an electrostatic atomization technique. Biochem Eng J 2001; 8: 171–174
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Xie J, Lim LK, Phua Y, Hua J, Wang Ch-W. Electrohydrodynamic atomization for biodegradable polymeric particle production. J Coll Interface Sci 2006a; 302: 103–112
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Xie J, Marijnissen JCM, Wang Ch-H. Microparticles developed by electrohydrodynamic atomization for the local delivery of anticancer drug to treat C6 glioma in vitro. Biomaterials 2006b; 27: 3321–3332
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Xie J, Ng WJ, Lee LY, Wang Ch-H. Encapsulation of protein drugs in biodegradable microparticles by co-axial electrospray. J Coll Interface Sci 2008; 317: 469–476
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Xie J, Wang Ch-H. Encapsulation of proteins in biodegradable polymeric microparticles using electrospray in the Taylor cone-jet mode. Biotech Bioeng 2007a; 97: 1278–1290
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Xie J, Wang Ch-H. Electrospray in the dripping mode for cell microencapsulation. J Coll Interface Sci 2007b; 312: 247–255
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Xu Y, Hanna M. Electrospray encapsulation of water-soluble protein with polylactide. Effects of formulations on morphology, encapsulation efficiency and release profile of particles. Int J Pharm 2006; 320: 30–36
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Xu YX, Hanna M. Electrosprayed bovine serum albumin-loaded tripolyphosphate cross-linked chitosan capsules: Synthesis and characterization. J Microencapsulation 2007; 24: 143–151
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Xu Y, Skotak M, Hanna M. Electrospray encapsulation of water-soluble protein with polylactide. I. Effects of formulations and process on morphology and particle size. J Microencapsulation 2006; 23: 69–78
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yarin AL, Koombhongse S, Reneker DH. Bending instability in electrospinning of nanofibers. J Appl Phys 2001; 89: 3018–3026
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yeo LY, Gagnon Z, Chang H-Ch. AC electrospray biomaterials synthesis. Biomaterials 2005; 26: 6122–6128
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yeo Y, Basaran OA, Park K. A new process for making reservoir-type microcapsules using ink-jet technology and interfacial phase separation. J Contr Rel 2003; 93: 161–173
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yoon SS, Heister SD, Epperson JT, Sojka PE. Modeling multi-jet mode electrostatic atomizaton using boundary element methods. J Electrostatics 2001; 50: 91–108
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zeleny J. Instability of electrified liquid surface. Phys Rev 1917; 10: 1–6
   Google Scholar
• Zhao Y, Carvajal MT, Won Y-Y, Harris MT. Preparation of calcium alginate microgel beads in an electrodispersion reactor using an internal source of calcium carbonate nanoparticles. Langmuir 2007; 23: 12489–12496
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhou Y, Sun T, Chan M, Zhang J, Han Z, Wang X, Toh Y, Chen JP, Yu H. Scalable encapsulation of hepatocytes by electrostatic spraying. J Biotech 2005; 117: 99–109
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zong X, Kim K, Fang D, Ran S, Hsiao BS, Chu B. Structure and process relationship of electrospun bioabsorbable nanofiber membranes. Polymer 2002; 43: 4403–4412
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar