Cow ghee fortified ocular topical microemulsion; in vitro, ex vivo, and in vivo evaluation

References

• Aboudzadeh, M.A., et al., 2018. Low-energy encapsulation of α-tocopherol using fully food grade oil-in-water microemulsions. ACS omega, 3(9), 10999–11008.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Agarwal, P. and Rupenthal, I.D., 2016. In vitro and ex vivo corneal penetration and absorption models. Drug delivery and translational research, 6(6), 634–647.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Alayoubi, A., et al. 2018. Application of in vitro lipolysis for the development of oral self-emulsified delivery system of nimodipine. International journal of pharmaceutics, 553(1–2), 441–453.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Alhakamy, N.A. and Hosny, K.M., 2019. Nano-vesicular delivery system loaded by bifonazole: preparation, optimization, and assessment of pharmacokinetic and antifungal activity. Journal of drug delivery science and technology, 49, 316–322.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Antony, B., et al., 2017. Study on FT-MIR spectra of ghee (anhydrous milk fat). British food journal, 119(1), 181–189.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Araujo, J., et al., 2011. Nanostructured lipid carriers for triamcinolone acetonide delivery to the posterior segment of the eye. Colloids surfaces B biointerfaces, 88, 150–157.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Asasutjarit, R., et al., 2017. Gamma sterilization of diclofenac sodium loaded-N-trimethyl chitosan nanoparticles for ophthalmic use. Carbohydrate polymers, 157, 603–612.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Azeem, A., et al., 2009. Nanoemulsion components screening and selection: a technical note. AAPS PharmSciTech, 10(1), 69–76.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bachu, R.D., et al., 2018. Development and evaluation of a novel microemulsion of dexamethasone and tobramycin for topical ocular administration. Journal of ocular pharmacology and therapeutics, 34(4), 312–324.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Balasubramanian, K., et al., 2017. Ghee butter as a therapeutic delivery system. Journal of nanoscience and nanotechnology, 17(2), 977–982.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Callender, S.P., et al., 2017. Microemulsion utility in pharmaceuticals: implications for multi-drug delivery. International journal of pharmaceutics, 526(1–2), 425–442.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chakraborty, T. and Das, M.K., 2017. De novo approach to utilize mango (Mangifera indica L.) seed kernel lipid in pharmaceutical lipid nanoformulation. Journal of pharmaceutical innovation, 12(3), 226–237.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chmielewska, A., Konieczna, L., and Lamparczyk, H., 2006. Development of a reversed-phase HPLC method for analysis of fluocinolone acetonide in gel and ointment. Acta chromatographica, 16, 80–91.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dinarvand, R., et al., 2015. Controlled-release drug delivery system based on fluocinolone acetonide–cyclodextrin inclusion complex incorporated in multivesicular liposomes AU - Vafaei, Seyed Yaser. Pharmaceutical development and technology, 20, 775–781.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Duhan, N., Sahu, J.K., and Naik, S.N., 2018. Temperature dependent steady and dynamic oscillatory shear rheological characteristics of Indian cow milk (Desi) ghee. Journal of food science and technology, 55(10), 4059–4066.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dumore, M., et al., 2016. Formulation of ketoconazole ophthalmic ointment using cow ghee as a base and penetration enhancer. International research journal of pharmacy, 7(7), 28–35.
   Google Scholar
• Duraipandi, S., Selvakumar, V., and Er, N.Y., 2018. Rediscovering nano drug delivery systems in Ayurvedic lipid based formulations. Indian journal of traditional knowledge, 17, 381–385.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fredriksson, M.J., et al., 2011. Combined use of algorithms for peak picking, peak tracking and retention modelling to optimize the chromatographic conditions for liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis of fluocinolone acetonide and its degradation products. Analytica chimica acta, 704(1–2), 180–188.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gaudana, R., et al., 2010. Ocular drug delivery. The aaps journal, 12(3), 348–360.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gautam, N. and Kesavan, K., 2017. Development of microemulsions for ocular delivery. Therapeutic delivery, 8(5), 313–330.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Geroski, D.H. and Edelhauser, H.F., 2000. Drug delivery for posterior segment eye disease. Investigative Ophthalmology & Vision Science, 41(5), 961–964.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Haesslein, A., et al., 2006. Long-term release of fluocinolone acetonide using biodegradable fumarate-based polymers. Journal of controlled release, 114(2), 251–260.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Joshi, K.S., 2014. Docosahexaenoic acid content is significantly higher in ghrita prepared by traditional Ayurvedic method. Journal of ayurveda and integrative medicine, 5(2), 85–88.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Khalil, R.M., et al., 2017. Design and evaluation of proniosomes as a carrier for ocular delivery of lomefloxacin HCl. Journal of liposome research, 27(2), 118–129.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Khunt, D., Shah, B., and Misra, M., 2017. Role of butter oil in brain targeted delivery of quetiapine fumarate microemulsion via intranasal route. Journal of drug delivery science and technology, 40, 11–20.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kulkarni, C.V., 2017. Ultrasonic processing of butter oil (ghee) into oil-in-water emulsions. Journal of food processing and preservation, 41, 1–7.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kumar, R. and Sinha, V.R., 2017. Lipid nanocarrier: an efficient approach towards ocular delivery of hydrophilic drug (valacyclovir). AAPS PharmSciTech, 18(3), 884–894.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kwok, L.S. and Klyce, S.D., 1990. Theoretical basis for an anomalous temperature coefficient in swelling pressure of rabbit corneal stroma. Biophysical journal, 57(3), 657–662.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lee, S.I., et al., 2016. Nanoemulsion type ophthalmic composition. European Patent Application 2659903 B1. 2016-14-09. Hanlim Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.
   Google Scholar
• Li, Q., et al., 2016. Micellar delivery of dasatinib for the inhibition of pathologic cellular processes of the retinal pigment epithelium. Colloids and surfaces B: biointerfaces, 140, 278–286.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liu, S., et al., 2016. Prolonged ocular retention of mucoadhesive nanoparticle eye drop formulation enables treatment of eye diseases using significantly reduced dosage. Molecular pharmaceutics, 13(9), 2897–2905.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mahaling, B. and Katti, D.S., 2016. Understanding the influence of surface properties of nanoparticles and penetration enhancers for improving bioavailability in eye tissues in vivo. International journal of pharmaceutics, 501(1–2), 1–9.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mahboobian, M.M., et al., 2019. Brinzolamide-loaded nanoemulsions: ex vivo transcorneal permeation, cell viability and ocular irritation tests. Pharmaceutical development and technology, 24(5), 600–606.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Margarit, M.V., Rodríguez, I.C., and Cerezo, A., 1994. Physical characteristics and dissolution kinetics of solid dispersions of ketoprofen and polyethylene glycol 6000. International journal of pharmaceutics, 108(2), 101–107.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Markovic, B.D., et al., 2011. HPLC evaluation of solvolysis of a novel ester fluocinolone acetonide 21-(2’-phenoxypropionate) in comparison with fluocinonide. Journal of liquid chromatography & related technologies, 34(19), 2271–2285.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McKenzie, B., et al., 2015. The hen’s egg chorioallantoic membrane (HET-CAM) test to predict the ophthalmic irritation potential of a cysteamine-containing gel: quantification using Photoshop® and ImageJ. International journal of pharmaceutics, 490(1–2), 1–8.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mohan, M.C., Abhimannue, A.P., and Kumar, B.P., 2019. Modulation of proinflammatory cytokines and enzymes by polyherbal formulation Guggulutiktaka ghritam. Journal of ayurveda and integrative medicine, 1–8.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Morsi, N., et al., 2017. Nanoemulsion-based electrolyte triggered in situ gel for ocular delivery of acetazolamide. European journal of pharmaceutical sciences, 104, 302–314.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Naguib, S.S., Hathout, R.M., and Mansour, S., 2017. Optimizing novel penetration enhancing hybridized vesicles for augmenting the in-vivo effect of an anti-glaucoma drug optimizing novel penetration enhancing hybridized vesicles for augmenting the in-vivo effect of an anti-glaucoma drug. Drug delivery, 24(1), 99–108.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nastiti, C.M.R.R., et al., 2017. Topical nano and microemulsions for skin delivery. Pharmaceutics 9 pharmaceutics, 9(4), 37.
   Google Scholar
• Nayak, K. and Misra, M., 2018. A review on recent drug delivery systems for posterior segment of eye. Biomedicine & pharmacotherapy , 107, 1564–1582.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Oliveira, W.N., et al., 2018. Getting the jump on the development of bullfrog oil microemulsions: a nanocarrier for amphotericin B intended for antifungal treatment. AAPS pharmscitech, 19(6), 2585–2597.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Padula, C., et al., 2018. Microemulsion containing triamcinolone acetonide for buccal administration. European journal of pharmaceutical sciences, 115, 233–239.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pandey, D. and Jain, D., 2018. Formulation and evaluation of submicron emulsion containing entrapped fluoroquinolone for ocular delivery. Asian journal of pharmaceutical and clinical research, 11(7), 431–435.
   Google Scholar
• Patel, A., et al., 2013. Ocular drug delivery systems: an overview. World journal of pharmacology, 2(2), 47–64.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Patel, M.H., Mundada, V.P., and Sawant, K.K., 2019. Novel drug delivery approach via self-microemulsifying drug delivery system for enhancing oral bioavailability of asenapine maleate: optimization, characterization, cell uptake, and in vivo pharmacokinetic studies. AAPS pharmscitech, 20(2), 1–8.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pineros, I., et al., 2017. Analgesic and anti-inflammatory controlled-released injectable microemulsion: Pseudo-ternary phase diagrams, in vitro, ex vivo and in vivo evaluation. European journal of pharmaceutical sciences, 101, 220–227.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Querques, G., Forte, R., and Souied, E.H., 2011. Retina and omega-3. Journal of nutrition and metabolism, 2011, 1–12.
   Google Scholar
• Rathod, L.V., Kapadia, R., and Sawant, K.K., 2017. A novel nanoparticles impregnated ocular insert for enhanced bioavailability to posterior segment of eye: in vitro, in vivo and stability studies. Materials science and engineering: c, 71, 529–540.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Raval, N., Khunt, D., and Misra, M., 2018. Microemulsion-based delivery of triamcinolone acetonide to posterior segment of eye using chitosan and butter oil as permeation enhancer: an in vitro and in vivo investigation. Journal of microencapsulation, 35(1), 62–77.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Resende, A.P., et al., 2017. Ex vivo permeation of erythropoietin through porcine conjunctiva, cornea, and sclera. Drug delivery and translational research, 7(5), 625–631.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rojanasakul, Y., et al., 1992. The transport barrier of epithelia: a comparative study on membrane permeability and charge selectivity in the rabbit. Pharmaceutical research. 9 (8), 1029–1034.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Salama, A.H., Mahmoud, A.A., and Kamel, R., 2016. A novel method for preparing surface-modified fluocinolone acetonide loaded PLGA nanoparticles for ocular use: in vitro and in vivo evaluations. AAPS pharmscitech, 17(5), 1159–1172.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sánchez-López, E., et al., 2016. PEGylated PLGA nanospheres optimized by design of experiments for ocular administration of dexibuprofen-in vitro, ex vivo and in vivo characterization. Colloids and surfaces B: biointerfaces, 145, 241–250.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sawant, D.P., Parlikar, G.R., and Binorkar, S.V., 2013. Efficacy of triphala ghrita netratarpan in computer vision syndrome. International journal of research in ayurveda and pharmacy, 4(2), 244–248.
   Google Scholar
• Schwartz, S.G., Flynn, H.W., and Scott, I.U., 2013. Intravitreal corticosteroids in the management of diabetic macular edema. Current ophthalmology reports, 1(3), 144–149.
   Google Scholar
• Shrikhande, P.V., 2013. Formulation and evaluation of polyherbal topical anti-inflammatory emulgel. Research journal of pharmacy and technology, 6, 118–122.
   Google Scholar
• Singla, J., et al., 2018. Development of nanofibrous ocular insert for retinal delivery of fluocinolone acetonide. Current eye research, 44 (5), 541–550.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tahara, K., et al., 2017. Feasibility of drug delivery to the eye’s posterior segment by topical instillation of PLGA nanoparticles. Asian journal of pharmaceutical sciences, 12(4), 394–399.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ulatowski, F., et al., 2016. Recognizing the limited applicability of job plots in studying host-guest interactions in supramolecular chemistry. The journal of organic chemistry, 81(5), 1746–1756.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Üstündağ-Okur, N., et al., 2015. Novel nanostructured lipid carrier-based inserts for controlled ocular drug delivery: evaluation of corneal bioavailability and treatment efficacy in bacterial keratitis. Expert opinion on drug delivery, 12(11), 1791–1807.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Üstündag-Okur, N., et al., 2014. Novel ofloxacin-loaded microemulsion formulations for ocular delivery. Journal of ocular pharmacology and therapeutics, 30(4), 319–332.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Varshochian, R., et al., 2015. Albuminated PLGA nanoparticles containing bevacizumab intended for ocular neovascularization treatment. Journal of biomedical materials research part A, 103(10), 3148–3156.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang, H., et al., 2008. Effect of surfactants on synthesis of TiO2 nano-particles by homogeneous precipitation method. Powder technology, 188(1), 52–54.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wilson, S.L., Ahearne, M., and Hopkinson, A., 2015. An overview of current techniques for ocular toxicity testing. Toxicology, 327, 32–46.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Xu, Q., Kambhampati, S.P., and Kannan, R.M., 2013. Nanotechnology approaches for ocular drug delivery. Middle East African journal of ophthalmology, 20, 26–37.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar