A hydrogen peroxide-generating agent, 6-formylpterin, enhances heat-induced apoptosis

References

• Ziegler I. Pteridine formation during lectin-induced lymphocyte activation. J Cell Biochem 1985;28:197–206.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ziegler I. Synthesis and interferon-gamma controlled release of pteridines during activation of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Biochem Biophys Res Comm 1985;15:404–11.
   Google Scholar
• Arai T, Endo N, Yamashita K, Sasada M, Mori H, Ishii H, Hirota K, Makin° K, Fukuda K. 6-formylpterin, a xanthine oxidase inhibitor, intracellularly generates reactive oxygen species involved in apoptosis and cell proliferation. Free Radic Biol Med 2001;30: 248–59.
   Google Scholar
• Mori H, Arai T, Hirota K, Ishii H, Endo N, Makino K, Fukuda K. Effects of 6-formylpterin, a xanthine oxidase inhibitor and a superoxide scavenger, on production of nitric oxide in RAW 264.7 macrophages. Biochim Biophys Acta 2000;1474: 93–99.
   Google Scholar
• Kondo T, Kano E, Habara Y, Kanno T. Enhancement of cell killing and increase in cytosolic calcium concentration by combined treatments with hyperthermia and TMB-8 in mouse mammary carcinoma FM3A cells. Cell Calcium 1993;14:621–9.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kondo T, Habara Y, Kanno T, Kano E. Thermosensitization and modification of cytosolic calcium concentration by verapamil and diltiazem in mouse mammary carcinoma cells. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 1994;29:511–7.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li FJ, Kondo T, Zhao QL, Tanabe K, Ogawa R, Li M, Arai Y. Enhancement of hyperthermia-induced apoptosis by a free radical initiator, 2,2'-azobis (2-amidinopropane) dihydrochloride, in human histiocytic lymphoma U937 cells. Free Radic Res 2001;35: 281–99.
   Google Scholar
• Kameda K, Kondo T, Tnabe K, Zhao QL, Seto H. The role of intracellular Ca2± in apoptosis induced by hyperthermia and its enhancement by verapamil in U937 cells. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2001;49: 1369–79.
   Google Scholar
• Katschinski DM, Boos K, Schindler SG, Fandrey J. Pivotal role of reactive oxygen species as intracellular mediators of hyperthermia-induced apoptosis. J Biol Chem 2000;275:21094–8.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Watanabe K, Arai T, Mori H, Nakao S, Suzuki T, Tajima K, Makino K, Mori K. Pterin-6-aldehyde, an inhibitor of xanthine oxidase, has superoxide anion radical scavenging activity. Biochem Biophys Res Comm 1997;233:447–50.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Royall JA, Ischiropoulos H. Evaluation of 2',7'-dichlorofluorescin and dihydrorhodamine 123 as fluorescent probes for intracellular H202 in cultured endothelial cells. Arch Biochem Biophys 1993;302:348–55.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sellins KS, Cohen JJ. Gene induction by gamma-irradiation leads to DNA fragmentation in lymphocytes. J Immunol 1987;139:3199–206.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Datta R, Kojima H, Yoshida K, Kufe D. Caspase-3-mediated cleavage of protein kinase C theta in induction of apoptosis. J Biol Chem 1997;272:20317–20.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yoshikawa T, Kokura S, Tainaka K, Itani K, Oyamada H, Kaneko T, Naito Y, Kondo M. The role of active oxygen species and lipid peroxidation in antitumor effect of hyperthermia. Cancer Res 1993;53:2326–9.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Davidson JF, Whyte B, Bissinger PH, Schiestl RH. Oxidative stress is involved in heat-induced cell death in saccharomyces cerevisiae. Proc Natl Acad Sci (USA) 1996;93:5116–21.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Flanagan SW, Moseley PL, Buettner GR. Increased flux of free radicals in cells subjected to hyperthermia: detection by electron paramagnetic resonance spin trapping. FEBS Lett 1998;431:285–6.
   Google Scholar
• Frank J, Kelleher DK, Pompella A, Thews 0, Biesalski HK, Vaupel P. Enhancement of oxidative cell injury and antitumor effects of lcalized 44°C hyperthermia upon combination with respiratory hyperoxia and xanthine oxidase. Cancer Res 1998;58: 2693–8.
   Google Scholar
• Majumder PK, Mishra NC, Sun X, Bharti A, Kharbanda S, Saxena S, Kufe D. Targeting of protein kinase C delta to mitochondria in the oxidative stress response. Cell Growth Differ 2001;12:465–70.
   Google Scholar
• Wang L, Matsushita K, Araki I, Takeda M. Inhibition of c-Jun N-terminal kinase ameliorates apoptosis induced by hydrogen peroxide in the kidney tubule epithelial cells (NRK-52E). Nephron 2002;91:142–7.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Asada S, Fukuda K, Nishisaka F, Matsukawa M, Hamanisi C. Hydrogen peroxide induces apoptosis of chondrocytes; involvement of calcium ion and extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase. Inflamm Res 2001;50:19–23.
   Google Scholar
• Ridgley EL, Xiong ZH, Ruben L. Reactive oxygen species activate a Ca2±-dependent cell death pathway in the unicellular organism Trypanosoma brucei brucei. Biochem J 1999;340: 33–40.
   Google Scholar
• Rimpler MM, Rauen U, Schmidt T, Moroy T, de Groot H. Protection against hydrogen peroxide cytotoxicity in rat-1 fibroblasts provided by the oncoprotein Bc1-2: maintenance of calcium homeostasis is secondary to the effect of Bc1-2 on cellular glutathione. Biochem J 1999;340: 291–7.
   Google Scholar
• Macho A, Hirsch I, Marzo P, Dallaporta B, Susin SA, Zamzami N, Kroemer G. Glutatione depletion is an early and calcium elevation is a late event of thymocyte apoptosis. J Immunol 1997;158:4612–9.
   Google Scholar
• Costantini P, Chernyak By, Petronilli V, Barnardi P. Modulation of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore by pyridine nucleotides and dithiol oxidation at two separate sites. J Biol Chem 1996;271:6746–51.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chang HY, Yang X. Proteases for cell suicide: functions and regulation of caspases. Microbiol Mol Biol Rev 2000;64:821–46.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen M, Wang J. Initiator caspases in apoptosis signaling pathways. Apoptosis 2002;7:313–9.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tsujimoto Y, Shimizu S. Bc1-2 family: life-or-death switch. FEBS Lett 2000;466:6–10.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cartee L, Sankala H, Davis C, Smith R, Maggio S, Lin PS, Dent P, Grant S. 7-hydroxystaurosporine (UCN-01) and ionizing radiation combine to inhibit the growth of Bc1-2-overexpressing U937 leukemia cells through a non-apoptotic mechanism. Int J Oncol 2002;21:351–9.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nishita M, Inoue S, Tsuda M, Tateda C, Miyashita T. Nuclear translocation and increased expression of bax and disturbance in cell cycle progression without prominent apoptosis induced by hyperthermia. Exp Cell Res 1998;244:257–66.
   Google Scholar
• Esposti MD. The roles of Bid. Apoptosis 2002;7:433–40.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li H, Zhu H, Xu CJ, Yuan J. Cleavage of Bid by caspase 8 mediates the mitochondrial damage in the Fas pathway of apoptosis. Cell 1998;94:491–501.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sub KS, Tatunchak TT, Crutchley JM, Edwards LE, Mann KG, Yuspa SH. Genomic structure and promoter analysis of PKC-delta. Genomics 2003;82:57–67.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Emoto Y, Manome Y, Meinhardt G, Kisaki H, Kharbanda S, Robertson M, Ghayur T, Wong WW, Kamen R, Weichselbaum R, Kufe D. Proteolytic activation of protein kinase C delta by an ICE-like protease in apoptotic cells. EMBO J 1995;14:6148–56.
   Google Scholar
• Hermisson M, Wangenknecht B, Wolburg H, Glaser T, Dichgans J, Weller M. Sensitization to CD95 ligand-induced apoptosis in human glioma cells by hyperthermia involves enhanced cytochrome c release. Oncogene 2000;19:2338–45.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar