Fusion imaging-guided radiofrequency ablation for residual hepatocellular carcinoma invisible on ultrasound after transcatheter arterial chemoembolization

References

• Bray F, Ferlay J, Soerjomataram I, et al. Global cancer statistics 2018: GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries. CA Cancer J Clin. 2018;68(6):394–424.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jemal A, Ward EM, Johnson CJ, et al. Annual report to the nation on the status of cancer, 1975–2014, featuring survival. J Natl Cancer Inst. 2017;109(9):djx030.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Villanueva A. Hepatocellular carcinoma. N Engl J Med. 2019;380(15):1450–1462.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dhir M, Melin AA, Douaiher J, et al. A review and update of treatment options and controversies in the management of hepatocellular carcinoma. Ann Surg. 2016;263(6):1112–1125.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Boulin M, Delhom E, Pierredon-Foulongne MA, et al. Transarterial chemoembolization for hepatocellular carcinoma: an old method, now flavor of the day. Diagn Interv Imaging. 2015;96(6):607–615.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hirooka M, Hiraoka A, Ochi H, et al. Transcatheter arterial chemoembolization with or without radiofrequency ablation: outcomes in patients with Barcelona clinic liver cancer stage B hepatocellular carcinoma. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 2018;210(4):891–898.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Arata S, Tanaka K, Okazaki H, et al. Risk factors for recurrence of large HCC in patients treated by combined TAE and PEI. Hepatogastroenterology. 2001;48(38):480–485.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• EASL clinical practice guidelines: management of hepatocellular carcinoma. J Hepatol. 2018;69(1):182–236.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Heimbach JK, Kulik LM, Finn RS, et al. AASLD guidelines for the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma. Hepatology. 2018;67(1):358–380.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gillams A, Goldberg N, Ahmed M, et al. Thermal ablation of colorectal liver metastases: a position paper by an international panel of ablation experts, The Interventional Oncology Sans Frontières meeting 2013. Eur Radiol. 2015;25(12):3438–3454.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Keane FK, Hong TS, Zhu AX. Evolving systemic therapy in hepatocellular carcinoma: current management and opportunities for integration with radiotherapy. Semin Radiat Oncol. 2018;28(4):332–341.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wu J, Chen P, Xie YG, et al. Comparison of the effectiveness and safety of ultrasound- and CT-guided percutaneous radiofrequency ablation of non-operation hepatocellular carcinoma. Pathol Oncol Res. 2015;21(3):637–642.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Calandri M, Mauri G, Yevich S, et al. Fusion imaging and virtual navigation to guide percutaneous thermal ablation of hepatocellular carcinoma: a review of the literature. Cardiovasc Intervent Radiol. 2019;42(5):639–647.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bo XW, Xu HX, Wang D, et al. Fusion imaging of contrast-enhanced ultrasound and contrast-enhanced CT or MRI before radiofrequency ablation for liver cancers. BJR. 2016;89(1067):20160379.
   Google Scholar
• Lee MW, Lim HK, Rhim H, et al. Percutaneous radiofrequency ablation of small (1-2 cm) hepatocellular carcinomas inconspicuous on B-mode ultrasonographic imaging: usefulness of combined fusion imaging with MRI and contrast-enhanced ultrasonography. Can J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2018; 2018(2018):7926923.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhao QY, Xie LT, Chen SC, et al. Virtual navigation-guided radiofrequency ablation for recurrent hepatocellular carcinoma invisible on ultrasound after hepatic resection. Hepatobiliary Pancreat Dis Int. 2020;19(6):532–540.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ichihara T, Sakamoto K, Mori K, et al. Transcatheter arterial chemoembolization therapy for hepatocellular carcinoma using polylactic acid microspheres containing aclarubicin hydrochloride. Cancer Res. 1989;49(15):4357–4362.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pesapane F, Nezami N, Patella F, et al. New concepts in embolotherapy of HCC. Med Oncol. 2017;34(4):58
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nakai M, Sato M, Kawai N, et al. Hepatocellular carcinoma: involvement of the internal mammary artery. Radiology. 2001;219(1):147–152.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ito K, Honjo K, Fujita T, et al. Therapeutic efficacy of transcatheter arterial chemoembolization for hepatocellular carcinoma: MRI and pathology. J Comput Assist Tomogr. 1995;19(2):198–203.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Najmi Varzaneh F, Pandey A, Aliyari Ghasabeh M, et al. Prediction of post-TACE necrosis of hepatocellular carcinoma usingvolumetric enhancement on MRI and volumetric oil deposition on CT, with pathological correlation. Eur Radiol. 2018;28(7):3032–3040.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ahn SJ, Lee JM, Lee DH, et al. Real-time US-CT/MR fusion imaging for percutaneous radiofrequency ablation of hepatocellular carcinoma. J Hepatol. 2017;66(2):347–354.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lee MW. Fusion imaging of real-time ultrasonography with CT or MRI for hepatic intervention. Ultrasonography. 2014;33(4):227–239.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Min JH, Lim HK, Lim S, et al. Radiofrequency ablation of very-early-stage hepatocellular carcinoma inconspicuous on fusion imaging with B-mode US: value of fusion imaging with contrast-enhanced US. Clin Mol Hepatol. 2014;20(1):61–70.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Schullian P, Johnston E, Laimer G, et al. Thermal ablation of CT ‘invisible’ liver tumors using MRI fusion: a case control study. Int J Hyperthermia. 2020;37(1):564–572.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kim JW, Shin SS, Heo SH, et al. Ultrasound-guided percutaneous radiofrequency ablation of liver tumors: how we do it safely and completely. Korean J Radiol. 2015;16(6):1226–1239.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yanagisawa K, Moriyasu F, Miyahara T, et al. Phagocytosis of ultrasound contrast agent microbubbles by Kupffer cells. Ultrasound Med Biol. 2007;33(2):318–325.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Watanabe R, Matsumura M, Munemasa T, et al. Mechanism of hepatic parenchyma-specific contrast of microbubble-based contrast agent for ultrasonography: microscopic studies in rat liver. Invest Radiol. 2007;42(9):643–651.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar