Reduced wear damage of carbon brushes via transfer layer upon W/Cu composite

References

• Moghadam AD, Omrani E, Menezes PL, et al. Mechanical and tribological properties of self-lubricating metal matrix nanocomposites reinforced by carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and graphene – a review. Compos B Eng. 2015;77:402–420. doi: 10.1016/j.compositesb.2015.03.014
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liu JB, Xiong J, Guo ZX, et al. Effect of graphite size on the tribological behavior of Ti (C, N)-based cermets self-mated wear pairs. Int J Refract Metal Hard Mater. 2017;64:83–89. doi: 10.1016/j.ijrmhm.2017.01.014
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kumar P, Wani MF. Synthesis and tribological properties of graphene: a review. J Tribol. 2017;13:36–71.
   Google Scholar
• Polcar T, Cavaleiro A. Review on self-lubricant transition metal dichalcogenide nanocomposite coatings alloyed with carbon. Surf Coat Technol. 2011;206(4):686–695. doi: 10.1016/j.surfcoat.2011.03.004
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen SY, Bi YN, Zhang HL, et al. Effect of BN fraction on the mechanical and tribological properties of Cu alloy/BN self-lubricating sleeves. J Compos Mater. 2015;49(30):3715–3725. doi: 10.1177/0021998314568330
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gustavsson F, Jacobson S. Diverse mechanisms of friction induced self-organisation into a low-friction material – an overview of WS2 tribofilm formation. Tribol Int. 2016;101:340–347. doi: 10.1016/j.triboint.2016.04.029
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nickchi T, Ghorbani M. Pulsed electrodeposition and characterization of bronze-graphite composite coatings. Surf Coat Technol. 2009;203(20-21):3037–3043. doi: 10.1016/j.surfcoat.2009.03.029
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hall RD, Roberge RP. Carbon brush performance on slip rings. Pulp and Paper Industry Technical Conference (PPIC). Conference Record of 2010 Annual. IEEE; 2010, p. 1–6.
   Google Scholar
• He DH, Manory R. A novel electrical contact material with improved self-lubrication for railway current collectors. Wear. 2001;249(7):626–636. doi: 10.1016/S0043-1648(01)00700-1
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stoessel CH, Withers JC, Pan C, et al. Improved hollow cathode magnetron deposition for producing high thermal conductivity graphite-copper composite. Surf Coat Technol. 1995;76–77(1–3):640–644.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Azevedo CRF, Sinatora A. Failure analysis of a railway copper contact strip. Eng Fail Anal. 2004;11(6):829–841. doi: 10.1016/j.engfailanal.2004.03.003
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhan YZ, Zhang GD. Graphite and SiC hybrid particles reinforced copper composite and its tribological characteristic. J Mater Sci Lett. 2003;22(15):1087–1089. doi: 10.1023/A:1024986824717
   Google Scholar
• Zhan YZ, Zhang GD. Friction and wear behavior of copper matrix composites reinforced with SiC and graphite particles. Tribol Lett. 2004;17(1):91–98. doi: 10.1023/B:TRIL.0000017423.70725.1c
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mogonye JE, Srivastava A, Gopagoni S, et al. Solid/self-lubrication mechanisms of an additively manufactured Ni-Ti-C metal matrix composite. Tribol Lett. 2016;64(3):445. doi: 10.1007/s11249-016-0770-z
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rajkumar K, Aravindan S. Tribological performance of microwave sintered copper-TiC-graphite hybrid composites. Tribol Int. 2011;44(4):347–358. doi: 10.1016/j.triboint.2010.11.008
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bolton JD, Gant AJ. Phase reactions and chemical-stability of ceramic carbide and solid lubricant particulate additions within sintered high-speed steel matrix. Powder Metall. 1993;36(4):267–274. doi: 10.1179/pom.1993.36.4.267
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bolton JD, Gant AJ. Liquid phase sintering of metal matrix composites containing solid lubricants. J Mater Process Technol. 1996;56(1–4):136–147. doi: 10.1016/0924-0136(95)01829-8
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bolton JD, Gant AJ. Microstructural development and sintering kinetics in ceramic reinforced high speed steel metal matrix composites. Powder Metall. 1997;40(2):143–151. doi: 10.1179/pom.1997.40.2.143
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tang H, Cao KS, Wu QO, et al. Synthesis and tribological properties of copper matrix solid self-lubricant composites reinforced with NbSe2 nanoparticles. Cryst Res Technol. 2011;46(2):195–200. doi: 10.1002/crat.201000499
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Erdemir A, Ramirez G, Eryilmaz OL, et al. Carbon-based tribofilms from lubricating oils. Nature. 2016;536(7614):67–71. doi: 10.1038/nature18948
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Biswas SK. Some mechanisms of tribofilm formation in metal/metal and ceramic/metal sliding interactions. Wear. 2000;245(1–2):178–189. doi: 10.1016/S0043-1648(00)00477-4
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yen BK. Roles of oxygen in lubrication and wear of graphite in dusting and ambient conditions. J Mater Sci Lett. 1995;14(21):1481–1483. doi: 10.1007/BF00633136
   Google Scholar
• Senthilkumar V, Prasath MGH, Chilamwar VL. Role of surface textures on tribological behaviour of HSS. Surf Eng. 2014;30(4):277–282. doi: 10.1179/1743294414Y.0000000247
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ma WL, Lu JJ. Effect of surface texture on transfer layer formation and tribological behaviour of copper-graphite composite. Wear. 2011;270(3–4):218–229. doi: 10.1016/j.wear.2010.10.062
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Aizawa T, Mitsuo A, Yamamoto S, et al. Self-lubrication mechanism via the in situ formed lubricious oxide tribofilm. Wear. 2005;259(1–6):708–718. doi: 10.1016/j.wear.2005.02.025
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Song JP, Yu Y, Zhuang ZG, et al. Preparation of W-Cu functionally graded material coated with CVD-W for plasma-facing components. J Nucl Mater. 2013;442(1–3):S208–S213. doi: 10.1016/j.jnucmat.2013.01.326
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Guiderdoni C, Estournes C, Peigney A, et al. The preparation of double-walled carbon nanotube/Cu composites by spark plasma sintering, and their hardness and friction properties. Carbon. 2011;49(13):4535–4543. doi: 10.1016/j.carbon.2011.06.063
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Johnson JL, German RM. Phase-equilibria effects on the enhanced liquid-phase sintering of tungsten-copper. Metall Trans A. 1993;24(11):2369–2377. doi: 10.1007/BF02646516
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Meng YF, Shen YF, Chen C, et al. Effects of Cu content and mechanical alloying parameters on the preparation of W-Cu composite coatings on copper substrate. J Alloy Compd. 2014;585:368–375. doi: 10.1016/j.jallcom.2013.09.100
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Radhika R, Kumar N, Kozakov AT, et al. Role of transfer layer on tribological properties of nanocrystalline diamond nanowire film sliding against alumina allotropes. Diam Relat Mater. 2014;48:6–18. doi: 10.1016/j.diamond.2014.06.005
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ma Y, Wang H, Xiao Y, et al. Friction and wear behaviour of steel with bionic non-smooth surfaces during sliding. Mater Sci Technol. 2016;32(4):257–265. doi: 10.1080/02670836.2015.1121579
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bowler N, Huang YQ. Electrical conductivity measurement of metal plates using broadband eddy-current and four-point methods. Meas Sci Technol. 2005;16(11):2193–2200. doi: 10.1088/0957-0233/16/11/009
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar