Silicon carbide particulates incorporated into microalloyed steel surface using TIG: microstructure and properties

References

• Bach R, Damascheck E, Geissler E, et al. Laser transformation of different steels. In: Bergmann HW, Kupfer R, editors. Proceedings of the 3rd European conference on Laser Treatment of Materials (ECLAT’90). Coberg: Sprwechsaal Publishing Group; 1990. p. 265–282.
   Google Scholar
• Song Y, Baker TN. A calorimetric and metallographic study of precipitation process in AA6061 and its composites. Mater Sci Eng A. 1995;201:251–260. doi: 10.1016/0921-5093(95)09781-3
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gurcan AB, Baker TN. Wear behavior of AA6061 aluminum-alloy and its composites. Wear. 1995;188:185–191. doi: 10.1016/0043-1648(95)06639-X
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Daoud A, Abou El-khair MT. Wear and friction behavior of sand cast brake rotor made of A359-20vol%SiC particle composites sliding against automobile friction material. Tribo Int. 2010;43:544–553. doi: 10.1016/j.triboint.2009.09.003
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rao RN, Das S. Effect of matrix alloy and influence of SiC particle on the sliding wear characteristics of aluminium alloy composites. Mater Des. 2010;31:1200–1207. doi: 10.1016/j.matdes.2009.09.032
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Singh J, Chauhan A. Overview of wear performance of aluminium metal matrix conposities reinforced with ceramic material under the influence of controllable variables. Ceram Int. 2016;42:56–81. doi: 10.1016/j.ceramint.2015.08.150
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shabani M-D, Paydar MH, Zamiri R, et al. Microstructural and sliding wear behavior of SiC-particle reinforced copper matrix composites fabricated by sintering and sinter-forging processes. J Mater Res Technol. 2016;5:5–12. doi: 10.1016/j.jmrt.2015.03.002
   Google Scholar
• Ion JC. Laser processing of engineering materials. Amsterdam: Elsevier; 2005. p. 261–326.
   Google Scholar
• Zhong M, Liu W. Laser surface cladding: the state of the art and challenges. Proc Inst Mech Eng Part C J Mech Eng Sci. 2010;224:1041–1062. doi: 10.1243/09544062JMES1782
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Baker TN. Laser surface modification of titanium alloys. In: Dong H, editor. Surface engineering of light alloys. Oxford: Woodhead Publishing; 2010. p. 398–443.
   Google Scholar
• Ayers JD, Schaefer RJ. In: Ready JF, editor. Proceedings of the Conference of Laser applications in material processes. Bellingham: SPIE; 1979. p. 57–64.
   Google Scholar
• Ayers JD, Tucker TR. Particulate-TiC-hardened steel surfaces by laser melt injection. Thin Solid Films. 1980;73:201–207. doi: 10.1016/0040-6090(80)90352-1
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ayers JD, Schaefer RJ, Robey WP. A laser processing technique for improving the wear-resistance of metals. J Met. 1981;33:19–23.
   Google Scholar
• Ayers JD, Bolster RN. Abrasive wear with fine diamond particles of carbide-containing aluminum and titanium-alloy surfaces. Wear. 1984;93:193–205. doi: 10.1016/0043-1648(84)90069-3
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mridha S, Baker TN. Metal matrix composite layer formation with 3 mu SiCp powder on IMI318 titanium alloy surfaces through laser treatment. J Mater Process Technol. 1997;63:432–437. doi: 10.1016/S0924-0136(96)02660-X
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Archard JF, Hirst W. The wear of metals under unlubricated conditions. Proc R Soc Lond. 1956;236A:397–410.
   Google Scholar
• Abboud JH, West DRF. Microstructure of titanium injected with SiC particles by laser processing. J Mater Sci Lett. 1991;10:1149–1152. doi: 10.1007/BF00744110
   Google Scholar
• Baker TN, Xin H, Hu C, et al. Design of surface in-situ metal-ceramic composite formation via laser treatment. Mater Sci Technol. 1994;10:536–544. doi: 10.1179/mst.1994.10.6.536
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mridha S, Baker TN. Metal matrix composite layers formed by laser processing of commercial purity Ti-SiC in nitrogen environment. Mater Sci Technol. 1996;12:595–602. doi: 10.1179/026708396790165984
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hu C, Barnard L, Mridha S, et al. The role of SiC particulate and Al2O3 (Saffil) fibers in several alloys during the formation of in situ MMCs developed by laser processing. J Mater Process Technol. 1996;58:87–95. doi: 10.1016/0924-0136(95)02111-6
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Terry B, Chinyamakobvu OS. Assessment of the reaction of SiC powders with iron-based alloys. J Mater Sci. 1993;28:6779–6784. doi: 10.1007/BF00356431
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pelleg J. Reactions in the matrix and interface of Fe-SiC metal matrix composite system. Mater Sci Eng. 1999;A269:225–241. doi: 10.1016/S0921-5093(99)00158-6
   Google Scholar
• Gemelli E, Gallerie A, Caillet M. Improvement of resistance of oxidation by laser alloying on a tool steel surface. Scr Mater. 1998;39:1345–1352. doi: 10.1016/S1359-6462(98)00329-7
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Čikara D, Rakin M, Todic A. Cast steel–SiC composites as wear resistant materials. FME Trans. 2009;37:151–155.
   Google Scholar
• Zhang C, Pei S, Ji H, et al. Fabrication of Ni60–SiC coating on carbon steel for improving friction, corrosion properties. Mater Sci Technol. 2017;33:446–453. doi: 10.1080/02670836.2016.1224216
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Majumdar JD, Chandraa BR, Nath AK, et al. Studies on compositionally graded silicon carbide dispersed composite surface on mild steel developed by laser surface cladding. J Mater Process Technol. 2008;203:505–512. doi: 10.1016/j.jmatprotec.2007.10.056
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mridha S, Ng B. Addition of ceramic particles to GTAW melted titanium surfaces. Surf Eng. 1999;15:210–215. doi: 10.1179/026708499101516533
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Buytoz S. Microstructural properties of SiC based hardfacing on low alloy steel. Surf Coat Technol. 2006;200:3734–3742. doi: 10.1016/j.surfcoat.2005.01.106
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Reddy GS, Arul S, Sellamuthu R. Improving surface hardness of mild steel plates by addition of silicon carbide using gas tungsten arc as heat source. Appl Mech Mater. 2014;592–594:879–882. doi: 10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMM.592-594.879
   Google Scholar
• Patel P, Mridha S, Baker TN. Influence of shielding gases on preheat produced in surface coatings incorporating SiC particulates into microalloy steel using TIG technique. Mater Sci Technol. 2014;30:1506–1514. doi: 10.1179/1743284713Y.0000000481
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Muñoz-Escalona P, Mridha S, Baker TN. Effect of shielding gas on the properties and microstructure of melted steel surface with a TIG torch. Adv Mater Process Technol. 2015;1:435–443.
   Google Scholar
• Information on http://net.grundfos.com/doc/webnet/mining/downloads/pump-handbook.pdf.
   Google Scholar
• Information on http://www.in-situ.co.uk/crankshaft-machining.
   Google Scholar
• Choi Y, Liu R. Performance of nano/micro CBN particle coated tools in superfinish hard machining. Int J Mac Tools Manuf. 2009;49:683–689. doi: 10.1016/j.ijmachtools.2009.03.005
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Uhlman E, Oyane del Fuentes JA, Keunecke M. Machining of high performance workpiece materials with CBN coated cutting tools. Thin Solid Films. 2009;518:1451–1454. doi: 10.1016/j.tsf.2009.09.095
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Information on http://www.welding-consultant.com/WeldCracks.pdf
   Google Scholar
• de Escalona P M, Mridha S, Baker TN. Effect of silicon carbide size particle on the properties and microstructure of melted steel surface using TIG torch. Adv Mater Process Technol. 2016;2:451–460.
   Google Scholar
• Easterling KE. Introduction to physical metallurgy of welding. London: Butterworth-Heinemann; 1992.
   Google Scholar
• Rasool G, Stack MM. Wear maps for TiC composite based coatings deposited on 303 stainless steel. Tribo Int. 2014;74:93–102. doi: 10.1016/j.triboint.2014.02.002
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hu C, Baker TN. The importance of preheat before laser nitriding a Ti-6Al-4V alloy. Mater Sci Eng A. 1999;265:268–275. doi: 10.1016/S0921-5093(98)01135-6
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kotecki D J, Cheever DL, Howden DG. Mechanism of ripple formation during weld solidification. Weld J. 1972;51:386S–391S.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kou S, Limmaneevichitr C, Wei P S. Oscillatory Marangoni flow: a fundamental study by conduction-mode laser spot welding. Weld J. 2011;90:229S–240S.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pei YT, Ouyang JH, Lei TC, et al. Microstructure of laser-clad SiC-(Ni alloy) composite coating. Mater Sci. Eng. 1995;194A:219–224. doi: 10.1016/0921-5093(94)09653-8
   Google Scholar
• Tewari SP, Gupta A, Prakash J. Effect of welding parameters on the weldability of material. Int J Eng Sci Technol. 2010;2:512–516.
   Google Scholar
• https://hypertextbook.com/facts/2005/steel.shtml
   Google Scholar
• Ghosh PK, Kumar R. Surface modification of micro-alloyed high strength low alloy steel by controlled TIG arc process. Metall Mater Trans A. 2015;46A:831–842. doi: 10.1007/s11661-014-2670-x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mridha S, Baker T N. Crack-free hard surfaces produced by laser nitriding of commercial purity titanium. Mater Sci Eng. 1994;A188:229–239. doi: 10.1016/0921-5093(94)90376-X
   Google Scholar
• DePond PJ, Guss G, Ly S, et al. In situ measurements of layer roughness during laser powder bed fusion additive manufacturing using low coherence scanning interferometry. Mater Des. 2018;154:347–359. doi: 10.1016/j.matdes.2018.05.050
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tang WM, Zheng ZX, Ding HF, et al. A study of the solid state reaction between silicon carbide and iron. Mater Chem Phys. 2002;74:258–264. doi: 10.1016/S0254-0584(01)00480-1
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kawanishi S, Yoshikawa T, Tanaka T. Equilibrium phase relationship between SiC and a liquid phase in the Fe-Si-C system at 1523-1723K. Mater Trans. 2009;50:806–813. doi: 10.2320/matertrans.MRA2008404
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Runnsjö G. On the accuracy of carbon determinations in steels by electron probe microanalysis. Scan J Metall. 1980;9:199–203.
   Google Scholar
• Goldstein JI, Newbury DE, Echlin P, et al. Scanning electron microscopy and X-ray microanalysis. New York: Plenum Press; 1984.
   Google Scholar
• Cava RD, Botta WJ, Kiminami CS, et al. Ordered phases and texture in spray-formed Fe–5wt%Si. J Alloys Compds. 2011;509S:S260–S264. doi: 10.1016/j.jallcom.2010.11.184
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jang P, Choi G. Effects of silicon content on the properties of gas-atomized Fe–Si–Cr powders. IEEE Trans Mag. 2017;53:2002705.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bain EC. Functions of alloying elements in steels. Cleveland: ASM; 1939.
   Google Scholar
• Pickering FB, Gladman T. An investigation into some factors which control the strength of carbon steels. In Metallurgical developments in carbon steels, Sp. Report 81, ISI, London, UK; 1963. p. 11–20.
   Google Scholar
• Mills KC, Keene BJ, Brooks RF, et al. Marangoni effects in welding. Proc R Soc London A. 1998;356A:911–925. doi: 10.1098/rsta.1998.0196
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar