REFERENCES
- Anonymous . 2004 . What are Initiation Rites and Hazing? New York : Alfred University . Web Page: http://www.alfred.edu/sports_hazing/initiationrites.html. Accessed on 14 October 2004
- Anonymous . 2004 . What are Initiation Rites? New York : Alfred University . http://www.alfred.edu/sports_hazing/initiationrites.html. Accessed on 14 October 2004
- Bondy , P. 2003 . What are Initiation Rites, and why should they matter to us today? WebPage: http://www.ancienthealingways.co.uk/writing.php?id=1/Accessed on 14 October 2004
- Bozongwana , W. 1983 . Ndebele religion and customs Zimbabwe. : Mambo .
- Brooks , R. and Baur , K. 1996 . Our Sexuality California. : Sixth Edition. Brooks/Cole Company .
- Child , A. B. 1993 . Religion and magic in the life of traditional peoples Prentice Hall Inc. . Englewood Cliffs; New Jersey
- City Press . 2003 . 17 30 June
- Courtney-Clarke , M. 1986 . Ndebele Cape Town. : Struik Publishers .
- Eliade , M. 1958 . Rites and symbols of initiation New York. : Harper and Row .
- Elliot , A. 1989 . The Ndebele Art and Culture Pretoria. : Unibook .
- Elliot , A. 1993 . The Ndebele; Art and Culture Cape Town. : Struik Publishers .
- Fafunwa , A. B. and Aisiku , A. I. 1982 . Education in Africa—A comparative survey London. : George Allen Pty. (Ltd) .
- Feni , L. 2002 . “ Chiefs call for school term to be revised. ” . In Daily Dispatch. 29 January 2002
- Fowler , H. W. and Fowler , F. G. 1972 . The Concise Oxford Dictionary of Current English Oxford. : Clarendon Press .
- Gupta , M. R. and Mahy , R. S. 2003 . Sexual initiation among adolescent girls and boys; Trends and Differentials in Sub-Saharan Africa . Archives of Sexual Behaviour. , 32 ( 1 ) February 2003,. 41
- Hambrock , R. S. 1981 . Die vrou in die religie onder die Manala-Ndebele Pretoria. : Universiteit van Suid-Afrika .
- Initiate X. Interview; . 2004 . 25 April
- Initiate Y. Interview; . 2004 . 25 April
- Jewkes , J. and Vundule , M. 2001 . Teenage pregnancy in S.A. In . Social Science and Medicine. , 52 ( 5 ) : 733 March 2001
- Kanga Kalemby-Vita , M. M. 1977 . Initiation—A shame? London. : George Allen Pty. (Ltd) .
- Khumalo , L. 1996 . “ Rejoice! I am a Woman! ” . In Drum. 213. 3 October 26
- La Fontaine , J. S. 1985 . Initiation London. : Penguin .
- Lewinsohn , R. 1958 . A History of Sexual Customs (Translation by Alexander Mayce). Longmans, Green and Co. Ltd.; London
- Mabena , D. K. 1999 . The role of initiation schools in the identity formation of Southern Ndebele adolescent boys Unpublished Masters Dissertation in Psychology of Education, University of South Africa
- Mahlangu , P. 2002 . Denilton . Interview; 12 September
- Makinana , A. and Dlakavu , M. 2002 . Suffering in the name of tradition Bloemfontein. : University of the Free State .
- Makopo , E. 2002 . Witfontein . Interview; 11 July
- Maluleke , J. 2002 . “ Curse of the Circumcision Thugs. ” . In Drum. 409.6 July, p 10 – 11 .
- Mark , P. 1992 . The wild bull and the sacred forest Cambridge. : Cambridge University Press .
- Mashiyane , Z. J. 1992 . Southern Ndebele and its assimilation to the Pedi language. In . South African Journal of African languages , 1 ( 12 ) : 117 – 122 .
- Mbiti , J. S. 1971 . African religion and philosophy London. : Heinemann .
- Mnguni , Z. Interview; 12 September 2002. Kwa-Mhlanga
- Monroe , Paul . 1957 . A Brief Course in the History of Education London. : Macmillan and Co. Ltd. .
- Mphahlele , M. C.J. 1992 . Education through the ages. Book 1 Pretoria. : Kagiso .
- Mquqo , H. 2002 . Death by Ritual Bloemfontein. : University of the Free State .
- Mquqo , H. , Rapitso , S. , Vincent , M. and Makgoto , S. 2002 . “ Lethal initiations anger traditional leaders. ” . In Sowetan. 27 June 2002 8
- Mtezuka , L. 1995 . Initiation amongst the Southern Ndebele Unpublished Masters Dissertation in Education. University of Pretoria; Pretoria
- Mwamwenda , T. S. 1995 . Educational Psychology: An African Perspective Durban. : Butterworth .
- Ntombeni , M. S. 2005 . Interview; 15 Aug 2005
- Otterbein , K. F. 1969 . Comparative cultural analysis—An introduction to Anthropology New York. : Holt .
- Powell , I. 1995 . Ndebele; A People and Their Art. Cross New York. : River Press .
- Rich , P. 1985 . “ Pride of the Ndebele—African Indigenous People. ” . In The Architectural Review, March WebPage: http://www.findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m3575/is_vl97/ai_16788145. Accessed on 13 October 2004
- Rip , M. C. and Schmidt , J. J. 1977 . Black pre-marital illegitimacy in Pretoria Pretoria. : HSRC .
- Rooth , E. G. 1984 . A preliminary investigation of the self-knowledge of the Tsonga adolescent Pretoria. : University of South Africa .
- Seakamela , J. 2003 . Interview; 17 August Mashiding. Kwa-Ndebele
- Skosana , T. 2003 . Interview; 17 August Chief mother of the Tribe. Mashiding. Kwa-Ndebele
- Snoek , J. A.M. 1987 . Initiation. Pijnacker. Dutch Efficiency Bureau. Amsterdam
- South African Police Service . 2002 . Police Report on Initiation Deaths Pretoria. : SAPS .
- The Daily News . 2001 . 6 73 July
- The Daily News . 24 27 June 2002
- The Herald . 2004 . 8 29 July
- The Star . 2004 . 3 27 June
- Thomas , O. K. 1987 . The circumcision of woman; A strategy for eradication. Zed Books. London
- Tyrrell , B. 1968 . Tribal peoples of Southern Africa Cape Town. : Books of Africa .
- Van Gennep , A. 1909 . Obergangsriten. Schomburg-Scherff Verlag. Frankfurt am Main. (Original French title; Les rites de passage, 1909
- Van Gennep , A. and Turner , V. 1969 . Das Ritual. Struktur and Anti-Struktur. Schomburg Scherff Verlag. Frankfurt am Main. (Original English title; The Ritual Process. Structure and Anti-Structure, 1969
- Van Rooyen , L. and Louw , N. 1994 . Sexuality Education; A guide for educators Pretoria. : Academica .
- Van Rooyen , L. 1997 . Sexuality Education in the Classroom Pretoria. : Kagiso .
- Van Rooyen , L. and Ngwenya , M. 1997 . Sexuality Education; from babyhood to adolescence Pretoria. : Kagiso .
- Wa Maahlamela , E. 2002 . Pupils speak out on circumcision. In . Sowetan. , 14 June 2002, p. 1
- Young , F. W. 1965 . Initiation New York , Indianapolis : Harper and Row .